Sophia's Project on Anne Frank

1. MY PROJECT:
ANNE FRANK
“Paper has more patience than people”

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
• Anne Frank was born on 12th June 1929 when Adolf Hitler had come to power.
• Germany had done not very well in WW I and Hitler had plans to conquer Europe.
• His plans started with making Germany a “better,” and “purer” country.
• Hitler blamed Jewish people for the failures and troubles that Germany had at the
time.
• As things were getting worse, Jewish families were leaving Germany searching for
safety. One of those families were the Franks.

3. THE FRANK FAMILY
• Annelies Marie Frank, better known to us as Anne Frank, was born on 12th of June
1929 in Frankfurt , Germany.
• Anne had a very short life, as she died when she was only 15 years old and died in
Bergen-Belsen, a concentration camp in Germany.
• Anne would have been 85 in 2014…

4. ANNE FRANK’S FAMILY
• Margot Betti Frank was the sister of Anne, and was born on February the 16th 1926 in
Frankfurt-Am-Main. She died in early March 1945 of typhus. She would have turned 88
in 2014.
• Edith Frank, the mother of Anne and Margot Frank, was born on the 16th of January,
1900, in Aachen - which is in Germany – as the heir of a large scrap metal business. She
married Otto Frank at the age of 25. She died on the 6th of January 1945 at the age of 44.
She was the mother of Anne and Margot and the wife of Otto Frank.
• Otto Heinrich Frank was born on the 12th of May 1889 in Frankfurt, as the son of a
wealthy Jewish family. After serving the German Army during World War I, he joined his
father in their family’s banking business. Otto died on the 19th of August 1980, of lung
cancer at the old age of 91. Otto is best known for having published the diary of his
daughter Anne, and for being the only survivor of the Jews that hid in 263 Prinsengracht
in Amsterdam after the war

6. 2. THE CHANGES IN GERMANY
• As the power of the Nazis grew, the life for Jewish families became more and more
difficult.
• Otto decided to move his family out of Germany altogether, as it was becoming dangerous
for them to live there.
• In 1933, things became so bad that Jews were insulted and actually spat on in the
streets. They started to lose their jobs because of the Nazis, and there became more work
for the non-Jewish Germans, who were now called Aryans, and were considered “pure.”
• Then the Jews began to move out of Germany, because businesses and jobs were being
closed down and lost. There was nothing for them to live in Germany for. This gave Hitler
the impression that the economy was improving, at least for the time being.
• Besides, there was nothing to keep the Franks in Germany any longer; Anne’s uncle
Herbert had moved to Paris, in France. Otto Frank’s mother - Grandmother Frank – had
left together with Anne’s cousins Stephan and Buddy and their parents and moved to
Switzerland. Also, Otto’s bank business had closed down at last, so there was no job for
the Franks to live on.

7. 3. PEOPLE AND PERSONALITIES
• Anne was a very lively, chatty, witty, and funny girl given to saying what she thought. Her temper could
be well roused at times, but usually she was a cheerful girl that everyone liked.
• But not everyone would agree. Her teachers were frequently reprimanding her for talking in class, but
that didn't stop her doing it.
• Anne easily made friends – her father described her and her sister in an interview as follows:
“Anne was always popular with boys and girls… a normal, lively child who delighted us and frequently
upset us. Whenever she entered a room there was always a fuss… Margot was the bright one. Everyone
admired her. She got along with everybody.”
• Some of Anne’s friends included Hanneli Goslar (or “Lies” as she was also known), Sanne Ledermann,
and Jacqueline van Marsden. The girls played together after school and loved to do handstands, poetry
writing, and they liked to play Ping-Pong too in another friend – Ilse’s -dining room.

8. ANNE FRANK AND HER FRIENDS AT HER
10TH BIRTHDAY IN 1939

9. 4. THE DIARY
• On the 12th of June 1942, Anne’s 13th birthday, she received a red and white checked
diary. It was to become her sole companion for the next two years.
• Anne’s first diary entry was as follows:
“I hope will be able to confide in you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone,
and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.”
• Anne continuously wrote in her diary, and would occasionally read some passages
aloud to her friends and family. However, nobody dared to try to look in Anne’s diary
without permission.

10. 5. INTO HIDING
• On the 5th of July 1942, the Franks got a horrible shock. Margot received a card ordering her to
report to the SS (the powerful military organization that guarded Hitler from his “enemies”)
immediately the next morning. Of course, the Franks wouldn’t dream of letting Margot go, as other
people had received the notice and gone. They had never been heard of again.
• It was time for them to go into hiding.
• There had been plans for to go into hiding, but they would now have to be brought forward.
• The Franks had begun to prepare by clearing out a series of rooms at the back of the offices of Otto’s
businesses. There were 7 rooms in the hiding place, or the “Secret Annexe” as they called it. Two of
these were bathrooms.
• The Franks planned to take another family with them into the Annexe, the van Pels. The family
consisted of Hermann, August, and Peter.
• So, the evening of July the 5th was extremely hectic – people were bringing and taking things from
the Franks’ home to the Annexe, but then at about 11.30pm the Franks went to bed.

11. 263 PRINSENGRACHT

12. 5. INTO HIDING (CONT.)
• At about 6am in the morning, Miep arrived on her bicycle to bring Margot to the
Annexe. They left in the light drizzle, and Margot was wearing several layers of clothes,
so as not to bring suitcases in case they attracted attention to themselves.
• At half past 7, the remnants of the Franks left their flat, which looked like they had
simply had to leave in a hurry, and Edith had left a letter to the man that shared their
flat that hinted that they were in Switzerland, but of course it wasn't true.
• They all arrived safely, thankfully, but later when Miep came to see her friends she
found Edith and Margot lying on their beds, exhausted, though Anne and Otto were
trying to get everything clean and tidy as quick as possible, “being the two clean-uppers
in the family,” as Anne wrote in her diary.

13. 6. IN THE SECRET ANNEXE
• The Franks were in the Annexe for a week when the van Pels arrived. Much to the amusement of the
Franks, Auguste was carrying a hatbox under her arm that contained a chamber pot. “I just don’t feel at
home without my chamber pot,” she said, according to Anne’s diary. She immediately found a spot for it
under the divan bed. Mr Pels was carrying a collapsible tea table under his arm instead of a chamber pot.
For the first three days the Pels took time to settle in. After that, it was “like the seven of them had
become one big family,” as Anne wrote in her diary.
• The Pels filled the Franks in on what had happened while they were gone – Mr Goldschmidt had rung
Hermann in the morning after they had left, and asked him to come over as the Franks were gone.
Together, they tidied up the Franks’ old flat.
• Some of us have actually got quite vivid imaginations, as the Franks discovered. People had claimed to
have seen them after they were gone; one woman was positive she had seen the Franks being loaded onto
some kind of military vehicle in the middle of the night, whole another family that lived on the Franks’
old square claimed to have seen them riding on their bikes early in the morning.
• On the 21st August 1942, a piece was added to the Annexe to make it look like it is today - a bookcase was
put on the front of the door into the Annexe. Mr Voskuijl (Bep’s father) did the carpentry work, as he had
been told that there were seven people hiding in the offices where his daughter worked.

14. 7. TEMPERS IN THE ANNEXE
• Unfortunately for the Annexe, people were not always caring and sharing towards
one another. Everyone was at war with one another – Anne at Mrs Pels, Anne at her
mother, and Edith at Mrs Pels. Anne felt the need for independence – she wrote that
her mother “treated her like a baby.” Also, her mother “sided with Margot” too. She
felt that the only person good to her was Otto, but later, reading her violent
outbursts on paper, she wrote, “Anne, oh Anne, how could you?” Obviously, she had
realised what she had done was wrong, and regretted her hasty decisions.
• The quarrels were made no better by the new arrival at the Annexe – Fritz Pfeffer.

15. 9. THE NEW ARRIVAL
• Fritz Pfeffer was a dentist that the Franks had known for a while, and they had offered to take him into
hiding with them. He was met by Miep, and she took him up to the Annexe after about half an hour. The
man was in a state of shock when he saw his friends gathered around the table waiting for him. However,
he soon got out the whole story.
• His arrival, however, didn’t make things any better in the Annexe – if anything, he worsened the
atmosphere! He was later found to be stealing food from the cupboards, which was extremely rude – after
all, the two families could have left him to be taken by the Nazis, but instead, they gave him a very
generous offer that was too good to turn down.
• The atmosphere of the Annexe soon became tense and angry. Everyone took to fighting at least once a
day. The Pels were what I will call “robbers” – they took unfair shares of everything, Mrs Pels was lazy
and greedy i.e. not doing her fair share of chores, leaving food in pots and pans to spoil instead of
scraping it into a glass dish, moaning, complaining, stealing even! (Not valuable items, but food and
household items, but that was considered nearly a crime in the Annexe).

16. 10. THE MAIN PROBLEM IN THE ANNEXE…
• … was food. It was hard for the Annexe, as they couldn’t just walk to Tesco down the
road. They had to rely on the helpers instead, who went shopping nearly every day for
them. A lot of the time. The Annexe had to endure “food cycles,” which were times when
only one or two types of food were available. Anne frequently complained about these in
her diary.
• Beans were the main source of food for the Annexe, but Mrs Pels didn’t eat them in the
evenings because they “gave her wind.” A funny incident that occurred was when Peter
Pels was lugging sacks of beans up to the Annexe’s attic, and the last one split at the
seams, resulting in ‘a positive hailstorm of brown beans’ to come ‘pouring down and
rattling the stairs,’ as Anne wrote. ‘I was standing like a little island in a sea of beans!’
This episode occurred on November 9th, 1942. Such funny events as these happened
rarely, and when they came, they were a source of laughter, which became quite scarce.

17. THE ANNEXE RESIDENTS AND THE
HELPERS

18. 11. DISCOVERY AND THE CONCENTRATION
CAMPS
• It was the morning of August the 4th, 1944. A car drew up outside the offices and some
men – the Gestapo - got out. They went into the office and fired questions at Mr Kugler,
who realised that the game was up and someone had discovered they were hiding Jews
in the building. The men were brought up to the Annexe and they arrested the Jews
hiding there. The families were brought to the Gestapo headquarters where they stayed
for two days. Then the families were lit up, and they were taken to Auschwitz, the most
terrible of all camps. The females of the Franks stayed in Auschwitz for 56 days, and
then Margot and Anne were sent o Bergen-Belsen, but Edith stayed behind, as she was
too sick to go.
• Then, on January 6th, 1945, Edith died. Margot died in early March 1945 of typhus, ad
in April of the same year and cause, Anne Frank died.

19. AUSCHWITZ

20. MEMORIAL TO ANNE AND MARGOT FRANK

21. 12. AFTERWORD
• Although Anne never knew, Miep had salvaged her diary and when Otto had finally
discovered that all of the people he had hidden with were dead, Milo realised she
had to give him Anne’s diary.
• Otto read the diary bit by bit, and was astonished at the insight he got into his
daughter’s life. He mailed parts of the diary to his mother, and then when a friend of
his read a piece, he persuaded Otto to publish the diary.
• It immediately became a worldwide bestseller. It has know been translated into over
70 different languages.

22. 15. WHO GAVE AWAY THE SECRET AND
EXTREMISTS
• However, there were (and still are) people called extremists, who claimed that Anne’s diary was a
fake; but several DNA tests were carried out, and it was proved that Anne’s diary wasn’t a fake.
• But there is one thing that always intrigues everyone who has read Anne’s diary:
• Who gave away the Annexe’s secret?
• There have been various answers to this, but nobody knows the real answer. One of the main
suspects was Mr van Maaren; a warehouse man whose doings were quite suspicious. He was found
to be laying traps around the offices: pencils on the very edge of tables when the slightest
movement would make them fall, potato flour sprinkled on the ground to show footprints. When he
was questioned about these acts, he said that he had simply been trying to catch the thief who
committed some robberies during the time the Franks and Pels stayed there. Though we don’t
know if he was telling the truth, one thing is for sure: we will probably never know.

23. 14. THE HOLOCAUST AND THE MESSAGE
OF ANNE’S DIARY
• People who have read Anne’s diary and watched films or plays about it have very different opinions
about it. Some say that the Holocaust never happened, but it (unfortunately) did. Others were
overwhelmed by the horror of the situation that they could not watch a film or play without hiding
their eyes.
• Today, Anne Frank’s diary brings a message of hope and courage.
• Anne’s diary taught me that even in most terrible times and situations, people can think positive,
be brave, and never give up their hope for the better.
• She must never be forgotten.
• I hope that for those of you who read this project will read a version of Anne’s diary, and realize
what a magnificent, heroic girl she was, and…
• …yet behind all this was an ordinary girl.

24. ANNE FRANK

25. THE ANNE FRANK QUIZ
I hope you have enjoyed reading my project!
Here is a quiz to see what you have learned from my project.
1. When and where was Anne Frank born?
• 22nd June 1926, Amsterdam
• 12th June 1929, Frankfurt
• 2nd July 1920, Belgium

26. THE ANNE FRANK QUIZ
• 2. Who were Anne Frank’s parents and sister?
• Otto, Edna, and Margaret
• John, Mary, and Millicent
• Otto, Edith, and Margot
3. What was Anne’s full name?
• Annelies Marie Frank
• Anastasia Mary Franklin
• Anna Margot Frank

27. THE ANNE FRANK QUIZ
• 4. Who hid with the Franks?
• a) the Van Goghs
• b) the Van Maarens
• c) the Van Pels
5. Who helped the Annexe get through the hiding?
• Millicent, Joe, and Bernadette
• Miep, Jan and Bep
• Mary, Julie, and Bisola

28. THE ANNE FRANK QUIZ
6. The females of the Franks were taken to:
• Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen
• Auschwitz and Berlin
• Bergen-Belsen and the Aran Islands.

29. THANKS FOR READING!!
The information was taken from:
The book “Anne Frank's Story” by Carol Ann Lee
The diary extracts were taken from “Anne Frank: the Diary of a Young
Girl.”