This document provides an overview of Western classical music styles from the Middle Ages through the 20th century. It discusses major periods like the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods. For the 20th century, it outlines musical styles like Impressionism, Expressionism, Primitivism, Neo-Classicism, Avant-Garde, Modern Nationalism, Electronic music, and Chance music. Key composers from each style and period are also mentioned along with their important contributions and compositions.

2. REVIEW IN GRADE 9 MUSIC:
Western
Classical
Music

3. MIDDLE AGES

5. RENNAISSANCE
PERIOD

7. BAROQUE
PERIOD

9. CLASSICAL
PERIOD

11. ROMANTIC
PERIOD

13. MUSIC
of the
20TH
CENTURY

14. -Made use of the whole tone scale.
-Drawn to convey moods to their music instead of depicting reality.
IMPRESSIONI
SM

16. CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)
-Most important and influential
20th century composer.
-His compositions deviated from
the Romantic Period, as is
clearly seen by the way he
avoided metric pulses and
preferred free form to develop
his themes.
-Known as “The Father of the
Modern School of
Composition.”

17. MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)
-Ravel was a perfectionist and
every bit a musical craftsman.
-His composition style in mainly
characterized by its unique
innovative but not atonal style of
harmonic treatment.
-Known for his piece “Bolero.”

18. EXPRESSIONI
SM
- Revealed the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an
impression of the environment.
-It served as a medium for expressing strong emotion, such as
anxiety, rage and alienation.

24. -He taught himself music theory, but
took lessons in counterpoint.
-His style was constantly
undergoing development and
explored the use of chromatic
harmonies.
-His music is extremely complex,
creating heavy demands to the
listener.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

25. -He adapted the forms of the 18th
century with his contemporary
style of writing.
-His music is very structured,
precise, controlled, full of artifice
and theatricality.
-Known for his piece, The Firebird
Suite (1910).
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

26. PRIMITIVISM
-It is tonal through the stressing of one note as more important than
the other.
- It combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new
sounds.

27. BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)
-He performed as a concert
pianist.
-He is a neo-classicist, primitivist
and nationalist composer and
used Hungarian folk themes and
rhythms.
-Famous for his “Six String
Quartets”(1909-1938).

28. NEO-
CLASSICISM
-It is a moderating factor between the emotional excesses of the Romantic Period
and the violent impulses of the soul in expressionism.
-It is combined with ever-shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic
patterns, as well as harmonic dissonances that produce harsh chords.

29. SERGEI PROKOFIEV (1891-1953)
-He is a combination of a neo-
classicist, nationalist and avant-garde
composer.
-He is a composer and a pianist.
-His style is uniquely recognizable for
its progressive technique, pulsating
rhythms, melodic directness and a
resolving dissonance.

30. FRANCIS POULENC (1899-1963)
-He was a member of the group of
young French composers known as
“Les Six”.
-He was a successful composer for
piano, voice and choral music.
-His choral works tended to be more
somber and solemn.

31. AVANT-GARDE
MUSIC
-Closely associated with electronic music and dealt with the
parameters or the dimensions of sound in space.
-Improvisation was a necessity in this style, for the musical scores
were not necessarily followed as written.

32. GEORGE GERSHWIN (1898-1937)
-His name became a fixture in
broadway.
-He is a crossover artist in the sense
that his compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.
-Considered as the “Father of
American Jazz”.

33. LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)
-Bernstein’s philosophy was that the
universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality.
-He achieved preeminence in two
fields: conducting and composing for
Broadway musicals, dance, shows
and concert music.
-He is known for his composition for
the stage which is the musical West
Side Story and American adaptation of
Romeo and Juliet.

34. PHILIP GLASS (BORN 1937)
-One of the most commercially
successful minimalist composer.
-His distinctive style involves cell-like
phrases emanating from brighter
electronic sounds from the keyboard
that progressed very slowly from one
pattern to the next in repetitious
pattern.
-He formed the Philip Glass
Ensemble.

35. MODERN
NATIONALISM
- A LOOSER FORM OF 20TH CENTURY MUSIC DEVELOPMENT
COMBINE MODERN TECHNIQUES WITH FOLK MATERIALS

36. NIKOLAI RIMSKY KORSAKOV
-He is a member of Russian Five,
a highly gifted generation of
creative individuals.
-Infused chromatic harmony and
incorporated Russian Music and
liturgical chants in their thematic
materials.

37. CENTURY
MUSICAL
STYLES:
ELECTRONIC & CHANCE
MUSIC

38. ELECTRONIC
MUSIC
- A looser from of 20th century music development combine modern
techniques with folk materials.
-There is a use of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers,
tape recorders and loudspeakers to create different sounds.

39. Music concrete
Music that uses tape recorders. The
composer records different sounds that are
heard in the environment such as bustle of
the traffic, the sound of the wind, barking of
dogs, strumming of the guitar or cry of an
infant. The composer is able to experiment
with different sounds that cannot be
produced by regular musical instruments
such as the piano or the violin.

40. KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
(BORN 1928)
-Central figure in the realm of
electronic music.
-His style is total serialism.
-His music has its heavily atonal
content with practically no clear
melodic or rhythmic sense.

41. CHANCE MUSIC
-A style in which the piece sounds different at every performance.
-Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and
man-made.

42. JOHN CAGE (1912-1992)
-One of the 20 century composers
with the widest array of sounds in his
works.
-One of the most original composers
in the history of Western music.
-He became famous for his
composition “Four Minutes and 33
Seconds”.