Muraszkiewicz
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The document discusses factors related to organized crime and human trafficking. It notes that crime does not occur in a vacuum and is influenced by legal, social, economic, political and technological factors. Criminal organizations operate as business enterprises, weighing costs and benefits. While human trafficking involves business operations, it also relies on interpersonal relationships as crime is a labor-intensive activity. The document acknowledges that trafficking involves recruitment through exploitation but also notes ambiguities remain around key concepts like exploitation, identification, corporate liability and compensation for victims.
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The document discusses a research project examining the links between exploitative sham marriages and human trafficking. The project aims to explore how sham marriages facilitate trafficking and provide new information on vulnerabilities and methods used. It poses research questions about the links to trafficking criminality, how victims end up in exploitation, what forms of exploitation occur, weaknesses in systems that enable trafficking, and ways to improve identification of victims and prevention. It notes challenges around differing definitions for terms like sham marriage and forced marriage. Preliminary findings found purposes include legalizing stays, similarities and differences between countries studied, and problems with definitions and legislation.
Business and Human Trafficking
This document discusses private sector engagement on human trafficking issues. It outlines lessons learned from developing guidelines to help businesses address risks of human trafficking in their operations and supply chains. Some key lessons include understanding the business perspective and incentives, developing a clear business case, and focusing guidelines broadly rather than too narrowly on trafficking. The document also describes a case study of a large facilities company that lost customers and profits after being associated with trafficking cases through subcontractors. This experience led the company to directly employ all workers and closely monitor suppliers to minimize risks and reputational damage.
Presentatie wp4 traffickers
This presentation was used during a workshop in Tilburg. It highlights the findings of research with regard to traffickers in the Netherlands.
The human trafficking operation: the role of traffickers, (criminal) networks...
This presentation was given at the TRACE workshop in Cyrus by Ieke de Vries, the National Rapporteur of Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Violence against Children in the Netherlands
Human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal
This document summarizes information from the HOTT project, an international research project on human trafficking for organ removal. It describes the objectives of the project which are to increase knowledge through research, raise awareness, and improve the non-legislative response. It then briefly outlines some of the project's publications and upcoming reports. Finally, it discusses indicators of human trafficking for organ removal by outlining examples of the complex relationships between recipients, donors, brokers and other actors involved.
Trafficker responses to law enforcement policies
The document discusses changes in human trafficking in Cyprus after 2009, when special visas for artists working in cabarets were abolished. This led to a 67% decrease in cabarets and 64% decrease in performing visas issued between 2005-2008 and 2009-2014. It also caused shifts in where and when sexual exploitation took place, and who was involved, with fewer organized groups and more individual offenders operating seasonally out of private residences rather than cabarets and pubs year-round. Statistical analysis of police intelligence from 2004-2014 showed these trends over time since the policy change.
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在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
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2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
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Muraszkiewicz
- 2. The crime does not happen in a vacuum Law Communities Technology RiskOpportunities Politics Economic / Social factors @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 3. Orgnised crime Small groups / individuals White collar crime @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 4. Supply and demand criminal organisations as business enterprises Becker highlighted, a criminal is not simply engaging in deviant behaviour but instead acts on rational considerations of costs and benefits. In other words individuals maximise welfare, where welfare is not just income but can also derive from pleasure or the thrill of deviancy. (Becker, Gary. Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy 76, 1968, pp. 169-217.) @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 5. Trafficking in human beings does not only involve a material business process but also people who are willing and able to execute one or more parts of it. crime is a very labour-intensive and personal event. So criminal entrepreneurs are obliged to invest in human relationships. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 6. Agreed that the trafficking process consists of an act (of recruitment) through the use of a means, with the aim of exploitation. However there remain ambiguities and problems: Exploitation Identification Corporate liability Compensation Non-prosecution or non-punishment @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 7. A diverse and perplexed landscape @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
- 8. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu Julia Muraszkiewicz, PhD candidate atVrije Universiteit Brussels julia.muraszkiewicz@vub.ac.be