This document discusses harmonic distortion in electronic circuits. It defines harmonic distortion as occurring when a sinusoidal input signal results in a non-sinusoidal output signal due to inherent non-linear characteristics of circuit components. It describes three types of harmonic distortion: frequency distortion from amplifiers having different amplification factors at different frequencies, amplitude distortion from amplifiers generating harmonics of the input frequency fundamental, and phase distortion from energy storage elements causing output signals to be phase-shifted relative to input signals by differing amounts for different frequencies.

1. Multivibrator

7. Capacitor Charge and Discharge
• RC circuit charge and discharge curves

8. • For the circuit on the previous slide, the time
constant is equal to the product of R times C:
Time constant = RC
• This time constant is a measure of how
quickly the capacitor charges.
• Rule of thumb: The capacitor is fully charged
after about 5 time constants.

18. Characteristics of Pulse
Parameter

22. Pulse Generator circuit

35. Harmonic Distortion Analyzers:
Harmonic Distortion:
When we give a sinusoidal signal input to any electronic
instrument there should be output in sinusoidal form, but
generally the output is not exactly the replica of input, because
of various types of distortion that my occur.
Distortion is occur due to inherent non-linear characteristics
of different components used in electronic circuit. Nonlinear
behavior of electronic component introduces harmonics in the
output waveform and the resultant distortion is often referred
as harmonic distortion.

36. Types Of Harmonic Distortion:
1) Frequency Distortion:
This type of distortion occurs in amplifiers because of
amplification factor of amplifier is different for different
frequencies.
2) Amplitude Distortion:
It occurs because amplifier introduces harmonic of
fundamental of input frequency. Harmonics always generates
distortion in amplitude. E.g. when amplifiers are overdriven it
clips the waveform.
3) Phase Distortion:
This distortion occurs due to energy storage elements in the
system which causes the output signal to be displaced in phase
with the input signal. Signals with different frequencies will be
shifted by different phase angles.