The document discusses the relationship between media exposure to violence and its effects on youth. It notes that most studies have looked at television, films, and video games, but the concept of media encompasses more including music, advertising, social media, and print media. While there is agreement that media can desensitize youth to violence, determining the size and nature of media's influence remains difficult to measure precisely.

2. ‫ﻏ‬‫ﯾ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺑ‬‫د‬‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺟ‬‫و‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ر‬،‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫د‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ك‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺑ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ز‬‫ﯾ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟ‬‫د‬‫ة‬

3. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ر‬
‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬،‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬5‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬:‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫إ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬B‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬CD‫ﺎ‬:‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬E‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬E‫ﺼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻗ‬B‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬#‫ﺤ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬)*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬,-*‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬E‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫د‬

4. ‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬،‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬8‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬:‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬#‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬:
•‫ﻟ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬ِB‫ﻞ‬ُ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﺪ‬ِE‫ﺪ‬
ُ.
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺎ‬VWِXُ:‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬ُ‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻐ‬
َ
‫ﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﺷ‬
َ
‫ﺐ‬‫ﱠ‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬5‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬^
_
`‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬cd_D‫ﺔ‬:young; youngsters; youth; youths
"The state of being young - The period between childhood and adult age"

5. ‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬،‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬8‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬:‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
•‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫؟‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬}D‫ﻮ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬•‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻪ‬‫أ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬
•‫ﻳ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ە‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟ‬‰‫ﺸ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻞ‬:
•‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﺎ‬,?
*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ة‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬E‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ن‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻟ‬KLM‫و‬‫ﻧ‬O‫ﺔ‬
•‫و‬‫ﺷ‬#‫ﻜ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧ‬LM‫ﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬*
•‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬:)‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬K‫ﺘ‬‫ﺐ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻒ‬(
•‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬

6. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬D‫ﺎ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻠ‬*‫ﻪ‬‫أ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ە‬‫أ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬f
?
*‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
,‫ﺸ‬.
/
‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬56:‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻟ‬KLM‫و‬‫ﻧ‬O‫ﺔ‬،‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧ‬LM‫ﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬،‫أ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻜ‬Lj‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫و‬‫ا‬,?
*،
‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬O‫ﺔ‬،‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ر‬‫ق‬،‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻖ‬
‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬Murray, J. P. (2007)‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺖ‬s‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔ‬1945‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬50‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬{‫ﻄ‬‫ﺖ‬600‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬~j?
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬f
?
*‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬،‫ﻳ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬O‫ﻢ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ك‬،‫ا‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫س‬،‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ز‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ف‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‡-*)fear/mean-world syndrome(
J‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ك‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬-‫ﻃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫د‬E‫ﺔ‬‫أ‬‫ﺣ‬O‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬-‫ﺑ‬~j?:
•‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ع‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬0‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬)14‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬(‫ﻧ‬9:‫ﺠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬?‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ل‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬
•‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ع‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬MN
O‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬0‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
•‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ع‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ل‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬?‫ﺪ‬‫ة‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬?‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬MN
O‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬MN
O‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬

7. !‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬!‫ﻞ‬،‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺞ‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ى‬:
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫د‬Q‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻞ‬:—‫ﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬O‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬E‫ﺔ‬‫إ‬š
‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬f
?
*‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ع‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬.
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻒ‬f
?
*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬žŸ‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬E‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬O‫ﺔ‬‫أ‬L¡‫ﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬
s‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬f
?
*‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬UVW‫ﺿ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬s‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬E‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬9‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬f
?
*‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬
‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ض‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻪ‬`
W
6‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬.‫ﻢ‬`
W
6
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ى‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺛ‬gV‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫؟‬
E‫ﻤ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬¤‫ي‬،‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬f
?
*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ي‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬:‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬)‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬9345‫ﻃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬#‫ﺎ‬f
?
*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺔ‬(

8. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬7‫ﺤ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬;<‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬=><‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻋ‬H‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬I‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺳ‬••‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬*
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻠ‬B‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺠ‬6‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬:
•‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬’D‫ﺎ‬“_
`
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻞ‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ت‬:

9. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬7‫ﺤ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬;<‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬=><‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻋ‬H‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬I‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬UVW‫ز‬Ÿ‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬§Ÿ‫ﺎ‬¨?
*‫و‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺪ‬E‫ﺪ‬/‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬«*
‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬#‫ﺎ‬‫ط‬‫ﺑ‬~j?‫ﻣ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻧ‬O‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺐ‬‫أ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻔ‬O‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬*.
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬,-f
?
‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬,-:‫ﺻ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ﻟ‬®‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬،‫ﺗ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺒ‬®‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ە‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺗ‬°‫ﺴ‬‫ﻢ‬s‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬±‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻫ‬®‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬²‫ﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻗ‬®‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬
³
‫و‬‫آ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ً‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﺷ‬¶‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬
ً
‫ﺟ‬‫ﺪ‬·‫ﺪ‬‫ة‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ك‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ض‬s‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻗ‬®‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊ‬
-‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬¹Ÿ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬O‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬#‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫و‬šf
?
*‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬LM‫و‬Ÿ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻨ‬½O‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬
-‫ﺗ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻧ‬LM‫ﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻟ‬O‫ﻜ‬LM‫و‬‫ﻧ‬O‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺮ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬¤À‫ﻃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﺎ‬,?
*‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬O‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬O‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬Â‫ﺷ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬‫ﺑ‬:‫ﺴ‬‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬{‫ﺔ‬

10. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬&‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫د‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬#‫ﺤ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬)*:
•‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫و‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ﻛ‬6‫ﻔ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻪ‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬6‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬EFG‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ى‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ل‬‫ﻓ‬QR‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ز‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬U‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬
•‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬0‫ة‬:
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﻐ‬QF‫ﺧ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺺ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒ‬[‫ﺌ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬]^‫ﺔ‬
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬6‫ﺐ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬

11. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬&‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫د‬
•‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻃ‬#‫ﺎ‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻴ‬9:;:
•‫ا‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺘ‬b‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬e‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺤ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬)‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬6‫ﺔ‬(
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬k‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬
•‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬e‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬lm‫ﻣ‬‫ﻊ‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬6‫ﺎ‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺐ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘ‬6‫ﻤ‬EFG‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬EFG‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴ‬EFG‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺳ‬EFG
‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻔ‬EFG.
•‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻞ‬:
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﻄ‬u^‫ﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﻄ‬u^‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬x‫ﺸ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺒ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ض‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬lm
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬|m}G
m‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒ‬[‫ﺌ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺳ‬6‫ﺔ‬،‫ﻣ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ت‬،‫و‬}G
m‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊ‬.
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬D‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬Policy:
•‫ﺗ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬6‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺸ‬b‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‚‫ﺗ‬‫ﻄ‬u^‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒ‬[‫ﺌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣ‬6‫ﺔ‬ƒ‫ﺸ‬e‫ﻞ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ي‬
•‫ﺣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺛ‬QF‫ﻣ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬†‫ﺪ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻋ‬‡‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬ˆ‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬

12. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ر‬)‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬/01‫ﺔ‬(
•‫ﻋ‬"#$%&,&‫ﺑ‬+,‫ﻜ‬‫ﺮ‬.)2018(.‫ﺗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﻟ‬;ّ‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬AB
&‫ﻟ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬-‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫أ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ذ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬.
•‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬QRB‫ة‬,‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬T‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ك‬,‫ﺑ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬;‫ﺐ‬,&‫ﻓ‬‫ﺘ‬;‫ﺤ‬‫ﺔ‬.)2013(.‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫و‬‫ﻇ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬.
•`‫ﺶ‬،‫ﻋ‬‫ﺰ‬‫و‬‫ز‬.)2016(.‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ب‬AB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬;‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻇ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬AB
&‫ﻣ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫م‬.Majallat Jīl al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah wa-al-
Ijtimāʻīyah, 194(3669), 1-14.
•‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻮ‬AB
&‚‫ﻜ‬;‫ﻞ‬,&‫ﺣ‬‫ﺴ‬…RB‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬†.)2013(.‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺮ‬‫و‬‫ء‬‫و‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ە‬AB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺾ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻇ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬•‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬+#‫ﺖ‬AB
&‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬T‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫م‬‚‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬#‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬;‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨ‬;‫ﺔ‬-
‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ل‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﺤ‬;‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬•‫ﻤ‬$B
&‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ت‬.
•‫ﻻ‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬…RB,‫س‬.,&‫ﺳ‬‫ﻠ‬;‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ن‬.)2009(.‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬š›
&‫و‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔ‬œ•
&‫ﻇ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬AB
&‫ﻣ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ا‬‫ﺋ‬"#‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺬ‬_‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&2007-2008:‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻠ‬;‫ﻠ‬;‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬£.
•‫ﻋ‬‫ﺰ‬£‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ر‬,&‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬¤‫ﺎ‬‫ن‬.)2019(.‫ﻣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮ‬š%AB‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬š›‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﻔ‬¦‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬.‫ﺣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬¦‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ﻋ‬…RB‫ﺷ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺲ‬,47)‫أ‬©‫ﺘ‬+,‫ﺮ‬-‫د‬ª‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬Q%)‫أ‬((,436-479.
•‫ﺳ‬‫ﻠ‬;‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ن‬,‫ﻧ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬,‫أ‬‫و‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﻦ‬,&‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ز‬#‫ﺪ‬.)2019(.‫ﺗ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺛ‬QR‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺪ‬•‫ﺪ‬‫ة‬AB
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ا‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ي‬‫ﻟ‬¯‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺪ‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬;‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧ‬;‫ﺔ‬.
•‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬Q°B‫ﻣ‬±&‫ﻋ‬T‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬;‫ﺪ‬.)2017(.‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣ‬$B
&‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺪ‬•‫ﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬•‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ر‬_‫ﺎ‬‫ب‬.Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, 24.
•‫ﻣ‬"»‫ﺸ‬½‫ﺶ‬,&‫ﺧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬.)2015(.‫أ‬_‫ﻤ‬;‫ﺔ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬;‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬AB
&‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬,‫ﺔ‬‫ﻇ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬"#‫ﺎ‬IB
&‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻠ‬T‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬…RB.
•‫ﻛ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻲ‬,&‫ﻋ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺰ‬‫و‬‫ز‬.)2017(.‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ى‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬_‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ا‬‫ﺋ‬"#‫ﺔ‬AB
&‫ﺗ‬",;‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬Ã‫ﺶ‬‫ء‬‫ﻋ‬Ä‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬-‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬;‫ﺪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧ‬;‫ﺔ‬‚‫ﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻻ‬‫د‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ج‬.
•‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬,‫أ‬.,&‫أ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬.)2016(.‫ا‬‫ﺳ‬Q°‫ا‬‫ﺗ‬¦‫ﺠ‬¦‫ﺎ‬‫ت‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻇ‬¦‫ﻒ‬‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬AB‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺐ‬‫و‬`È•‫ﺛ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬É‫ﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺢ‬.‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬",¦‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬T‫ﺤ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ل‬,2016)12(,
10-23.

13. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ر‬)‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬U:;V‫ﺔ‬(
• Ukoha, E. K. (2013). Media violence and violent behaviour of Nigerian youths: intervention strategies: child & adolescent therapy and e-therapy. IFE PsychologIA:
An International Journal, 21(3), 230-237.
• Szabo, C. P. (2003). Media violence and youth behaviour. African Journal of Psychiatry, 6 (1).
• Krystofiak, K. (1993). Violence in the Media: A Study of Adolescent Behaviors Towards Others in the School Setting.
• Grabow, A. (2020). Is the Influence of Media Violence Exposure on Adolescent Physical Aggression Moderated by Exposure to Real-Life Violence?.
• Fanti, K., Hadjicharalambous, M. Z., & Katsimicha, E. (2013). Adolescent Callous-Unemotional Traits Mediates the Longitudinal Association between Conduct
Problems and Media Violence Exposure. Societies, 3(3), 298-315.
• Hopf, W. H., Huber, G. L., & Weiß, R. H. (2008). Media violence and youth violence: A 2-year longitudinal study. Journal of Media Psychology, 20(3), 79-96.
• Murray, J. P. (2007). Historically, how have researchers studied the effects of media violence on youth? In S. R. Mazzarella (Ed.), 20 Questions about youth and the
media (p. 135–151). Peter Lang Publishing.
• Alldredge, Allan R., "The Convergence Theory: Causal Affects of Media Violence Communicated to Our Youth" (2001). Masters Theses. 1558.
https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1558
• Hammock-Dillard, S. (2011). The role of violent media exposure on youth violence and aggression.
• Ferguson, C. J., San Miguel, C., & Hartley, R. D. (2009). A multivariate analysis of youth violence and aggression: The influence of family, peers, depression, and
media violence. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(6), 904-908.
• Khan, M. A., Rawan, B., & Ullah, A. (2020). Growing up with Media Violence and Psychological Trauma among Youth in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Criminology, 12(1).
• Jagodzinski, J. (2004). Media Violence and Youth (Yet Again!?). Youth Fantasies: The Perverse Landscape of the Media, 125-136
• Beresin, E.V. Media Violence and Youth. Acad Psychiatry 23, 111–114 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354254

14. ‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫د‬‫ر‬)‫ا‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬U:;V‫ﺔ‬(
• Beresin, E.V. (1999). Psychiatrists can facilitate primary prevention of violence in our society by discussing the problem of media violence with parents, medical
students, residents, and allied health and school professionals.
• Kronenberger, W. G., Mathews, V. P., Dunn, D. W., Wang, Y., Wood, E. A., Giauque, A. L., ... & Li, T. Q. (2004). Adolescent Aggressive Behavior and Parent
Awareness of Media Violence Exposure. Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, HI.
• Moon, H., & Lee, S. (2020). Moderating effects of socio-ecological factors on the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes
towards school bullying. Journal of Advanced Nursing.
• Oyeyinka, O. T., Nancy, N. O., Olalere, A. Q., Lateef, O., Rauf, G., Omolayo, J., & Kenneth, T. A. ((2013) The Effect Of Domestic Violence Films On The Youth: An
Excursion Of Media Violence Theories and Persuasion Theories.
• Szabo, C. P. (2003). Media violence and youth behaviour. African Journal of Psychiatry, 6(1).
• Olson, C. K. (2004). Media violence research and youth violence data: Why do they conflict?. Academic Psychiatry, 28(2), 144-150.
• Kanz, K. M. (2016). Mediated and moderated effects of violent media consumption on youth violence. European journal of criminology, 13(2), 149-168.
• Obaid, Z. H., Ghithan, A. A. S., Safar, M. A., Fawzan, A. E., & Obaid, Z. H. (2018). Impact of Media Violence on Aggressive and Criminal Behavior of Young
Population in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES, 7(3), 91-100.

15. ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻢ‬
galjuwaiser@kau.edu.sa