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Music Business Essentials




The Business
of P f
 f Professional
          i   l
Songwriting




                            © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
The Song
• A Musical Work- aka “Song” is
  an original composition, generally
  including lyrics and music
• The professional songwriting p
        p               g      g process begins
                                           g
  with original compositions/songs that
  will be performed in public and/or
  recorded & distributed to the public
• When a song is p
             g purchased, licensed,
  performed or recorded, it enters the
  marketplace, and is considered,
  “published”
  “ bli h d”
                                         © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Professional Songwriting

 • Songwriting, Copyright, and
   Music Publishing go hand in hand
 • Music Publishing is the sector of
   the music business dedicated to
   “exploiting” or optimizing the
   placement and revenue-generating
   ability of songs
 • Songwriters, Publishers, Recording
        g      ,            ,       g
   Artists and Record Labels are, generally,
   in the major music cities:
   LA, NY, Nashville.
                                         © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Professional Songwriting
Types of professional songwriters:
  • Singer/Songwriter
    performs/records own compositions
       f    /     d            iti
  • Non-performing Songwriter
    gives compositions to
    Recording/Performing Artists
    to record and perform
  • Commercial Composers
    will write original material f specific
                                 for    f
    commercial projects- TV, Film, etc.
  • Song Doctors
    will edit and arrange others’ songs       © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Who uses Songwriters?
• Popular commercial music genres have
  typical songwriting arrangements
• Certain genres use more non-performing
 songwriters than others…
 • Rock, Rap      artists typically
   write their own material
 • Country, Pop performers often seek
   material from outside songwriters
   or they collaborate with other
   songwriters

                                         © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Collaboration in Songwriting
  • Professional songwriting is often done
    in collaboration… with other songwriters;
    or with established recording artists
  • Benefits are networking, discipline, support,
    increased chances for success
  • Co-writer agreements
    (legal contract) should be in place
    before the writing process begins;
    keep detailed notes
  • Co-writers generally share ownership
               g        y                p
    (copyright) of joint finished piece;
    unless otherwise stated in co-writer
    agreement

                                                © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Songwriting Deals
Different business
arrangements in
professional songwriting:
•Publishing Deals
•Work for Hire
•Staff position with a publisher
•Self-Publishing


                                   © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Song Revenues
Publishing Deals:
• Advances and/or Royalties

Work For Hire Fees:
    • When a Songwriter/Composer is hired,
      for a one-time payment, to create
      a specific composition Or hired as a full-time
      employee

Staff Salary- writer, editor
•    Often,
     Often treated as an advance
     against future royalties
                                           © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Song Revenues
How much does a Song make?
• A writer gets paid every ti
       it    t    id       time a song
  or a sample of a song is:
  • Sold as Sheet Music
  • Used in a Recording
  • Played in Public
  • Played in Synchronization with timed images
       y       y                            g




                                             © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Song Revenues
How much d
H      h does a Song make?
                S      k ?
• For Recordings –
   • Example 1: Physical and Digital- Gold
   • Rate= between 7.5 cents & 9.1 cents for each
     song (500,000 units sold) $45,000
   • Split with Publisher & Co-Writers


   • Example 2: Ringtones
         p         g
   • Rate= between 10-12 cents or 10% of retail
     (500,000 units sold) $45,000-$145,000
   • Split with Publisher & Co-Writers
                                              © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Song Revenues
How much does a Song make?
• For Synchronization –
  between 0 cents & several million dollars
  pe so g su s are ego a ed
  per song- sums a e negotiated


• For Performance Royalties –
  between 0 cents & several
  million dollars per year
                      year-
  sums are calculated via formulas created
  with logs, cue sheets airplay tracking
        logs      sheets,

                                         © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Resources for Songwriters
•Songwriters Guild of America
 Songwriters
•American Songwriter Magazine
•Performing Rights O
 P f    i Ri ht Organizations (PRO )
                         i ti (PROs)-
ASCAP, BMI, SESAC

•Tip sheets/pitch sheets-
   •Rowfax (M i R
    R f (MusicRow.com)      )
   • SongQuarters
   • Songlink International
   •News on the Charts
   •My Hit Factory
                                  © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Resources for Songwriters
Songwriting Conferences —ASCAP,
                            ASCAP
BMI ,SESAC Workshops, Durango
Songwriters Conference,
West Coast Songwriters Conference

Songwriting Workshops MCC Songwriting
              Workshops-
Classes, Berklee Music School, SongU.com,
Jeffrey Steele Bootcamp, summersongs.com

Songwriting Critiques-
Nashville Songwriter’s Association,
Nash ille Song riter’s Association
Jason Blume, West Coast Songwriters

Local Songwriting Organizations —
Arizona Songwriters, AZOpenMic.com          © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Resources for Songwriters

•Music Publishing Companies:
  –Cherry Lane
   Cherry
  –Bug Music
  –Song Publishing
   Song P blishing
  –Warner/Chappell
  –BMG Music Publishing (E
   BMG M i P bli hi (Europe)     )
  –Dreamworks SKG Music Publishing
  –EMI Music Publishing
  –Universal Music Publishing Group


                                  © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
APPENDIX:
Tips for Starting
A Songwriting Career




                       © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Become a Pro Songwriter

• Begin by creating your own original songs
  - PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE your craft
• Determine whether you will work alone
  or in partnership(s)
   • B sure to have a signed co-writer contract
     Be       t h      i   d       it      t t
     in place BEFORE you start collaborating
   • To find co writers join local songwriting
             co-writers,
     groups post in classifieds like Craigslist.org,
     take songwriting classes, go to conferences and
     workshops
• Apply for copyright registration
  at copyright.gov to enforce protection
   t      i ht     t    f         t ti
  for your work
                                                  © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
Become a Pro Songwriter
 4.
 4 Consider setting up a separate,
                          separate
    formal business entity for your
    songwriting pursuits
 5. Determine whether you will perform
    your own songs or ask another artist
    to
    t perform them for you
          f   th   f
 6. Find performing artists via songwriting
    workshops,
    workshops open mics, good demo studios etc.
                     mics                   etc
 7. Create a demo recording to share
    with industry executives
 8. Publish your songs- alone or with a publisher
 9. R i t
 9 Register your song(s) with a PRO
                     ( ) ith
 10. Collect your revenue
                                                © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
For Educational Use Only
    DO NOT COPY OR
      DISTRIBUTE
      This slide presentation is part
of the Music Business Essentials series



          Contact
info@musicbizclasses.com
i f @     i bi l
    for more information

                                          © 2006 musicbizclasses.com

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MUC 109 LEC4. Business Of Songwriting

  • 1. Music Business Essentials The Business of P f f Professional i l Songwriting © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 2. The Song • A Musical Work- aka “Song” is an original composition, generally including lyrics and music • The professional songwriting p p g g process begins g with original compositions/songs that will be performed in public and/or recorded & distributed to the public • When a song is p g purchased, licensed, performed or recorded, it enters the marketplace, and is considered, “published” “ bli h d” © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 3. Professional Songwriting • Songwriting, Copyright, and Music Publishing go hand in hand • Music Publishing is the sector of the music business dedicated to “exploiting” or optimizing the placement and revenue-generating ability of songs • Songwriters, Publishers, Recording g , , g Artists and Record Labels are, generally, in the major music cities: LA, NY, Nashville. © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 4. Professional Songwriting Types of professional songwriters: • Singer/Songwriter performs/records own compositions f / d iti • Non-performing Songwriter gives compositions to Recording/Performing Artists to record and perform • Commercial Composers will write original material f specific for f commercial projects- TV, Film, etc. • Song Doctors will edit and arrange others’ songs © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 5. Who uses Songwriters? • Popular commercial music genres have typical songwriting arrangements • Certain genres use more non-performing songwriters than others… • Rock, Rap artists typically write their own material • Country, Pop performers often seek material from outside songwriters or they collaborate with other songwriters © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 6. Collaboration in Songwriting • Professional songwriting is often done in collaboration… with other songwriters; or with established recording artists • Benefits are networking, discipline, support, increased chances for success • Co-writer agreements (legal contract) should be in place before the writing process begins; keep detailed notes • Co-writers generally share ownership g y p (copyright) of joint finished piece; unless otherwise stated in co-writer agreement © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 7. Songwriting Deals Different business arrangements in professional songwriting: •Publishing Deals •Work for Hire •Staff position with a publisher •Self-Publishing © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 8. Song Revenues Publishing Deals: • Advances and/or Royalties Work For Hire Fees: • When a Songwriter/Composer is hired, for a one-time payment, to create a specific composition Or hired as a full-time employee Staff Salary- writer, editor • Often, Often treated as an advance against future royalties © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 9. Song Revenues How much does a Song make? • A writer gets paid every ti it t id time a song or a sample of a song is: • Sold as Sheet Music • Used in a Recording • Played in Public • Played in Synchronization with timed images y y g © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 10. Song Revenues How much d H h does a Song make? S k ? • For Recordings – • Example 1: Physical and Digital- Gold • Rate= between 7.5 cents & 9.1 cents for each song (500,000 units sold) $45,000 • Split with Publisher & Co-Writers • Example 2: Ringtones p g • Rate= between 10-12 cents or 10% of retail (500,000 units sold) $45,000-$145,000 • Split with Publisher & Co-Writers © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 11. Song Revenues How much does a Song make? • For Synchronization – between 0 cents & several million dollars pe so g su s are ego a ed per song- sums a e negotiated • For Performance Royalties – between 0 cents & several million dollars per year year- sums are calculated via formulas created with logs, cue sheets airplay tracking logs sheets, © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 12. Resources for Songwriters •Songwriters Guild of America Songwriters •American Songwriter Magazine •Performing Rights O P f i Ri ht Organizations (PRO ) i ti (PROs)- ASCAP, BMI, SESAC •Tip sheets/pitch sheets- •Rowfax (M i R R f (MusicRow.com) ) • SongQuarters • Songlink International •News on the Charts •My Hit Factory © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 13. Resources for Songwriters Songwriting Conferences —ASCAP, ASCAP BMI ,SESAC Workshops, Durango Songwriters Conference, West Coast Songwriters Conference Songwriting Workshops MCC Songwriting Workshops- Classes, Berklee Music School, SongU.com, Jeffrey Steele Bootcamp, summersongs.com Songwriting Critiques- Nashville Songwriter’s Association, Nash ille Song riter’s Association Jason Blume, West Coast Songwriters Local Songwriting Organizations — Arizona Songwriters, AZOpenMic.com © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 14. Resources for Songwriters •Music Publishing Companies: –Cherry Lane Cherry –Bug Music –Song Publishing Song P blishing –Warner/Chappell –BMG Music Publishing (E BMG M i P bli hi (Europe) ) –Dreamworks SKG Music Publishing –EMI Music Publishing –Universal Music Publishing Group © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 15. APPENDIX: Tips for Starting A Songwriting Career © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 16. Become a Pro Songwriter • Begin by creating your own original songs - PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE your craft • Determine whether you will work alone or in partnership(s) • B sure to have a signed co-writer contract Be t h i d it t t in place BEFORE you start collaborating • To find co writers join local songwriting co-writers, groups post in classifieds like Craigslist.org, take songwriting classes, go to conferences and workshops • Apply for copyright registration at copyright.gov to enforce protection t i ht t f t ti for your work © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 17. Become a Pro Songwriter 4. 4 Consider setting up a separate, separate formal business entity for your songwriting pursuits 5. Determine whether you will perform your own songs or ask another artist to t perform them for you f th f 6. Find performing artists via songwriting workshops, workshops open mics, good demo studios etc. mics etc 7. Create a demo recording to share with industry executives 8. Publish your songs- alone or with a publisher 9. R i t 9 Register your song(s) with a PRO ( ) ith 10. Collect your revenue © 2006 musicbizclasses.com
  • 18. For Educational Use Only DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE This slide presentation is part of the Music Business Essentials series Contact info@musicbizclasses.com i f @ i bi l for more information © 2006 musicbizclasses.com