Mspo individual behaviour

1. MSPO Session 1
Faculty: Dr. Sahiba Sharma

2. Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics

3. Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics
The Environment
• organization
• work group
• job
• personal life

4. The Environment
• organization
• work group
• job
• personal life
Behavior
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics

5. Interactional Psychology Approach
The Environment
• organization
• work group
• job
• personal life
B = f(P,E)
Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics

7. What are individual and cultural
values?
 Values
Broad preferences concerning appropriate
courses of action or outcomes.
Values influence attitudes and behavior.

8. What are individual and cultural
values?
 Terminal values
Reflect a person’s preferences
concerning the “ends” to be achieved.
 Instrumental values
Reflect a person’s beliefs about the
means for achieving desired ends.

9. Terminal and Instrumental Values in
the Rokeach value survey

10. What Are Values, and How Do
They Vary Across Cultures?
 Maglino’s categories of workplace values
Achievement
Helping and concern for others
Honesty
Fairness

11.  Value congruence
Occurs when individuals express
positive feelings upon
encountering others who exhibit
values similar to their own.
What Are Values, and How Do They
Vary Across Cultures?

12. Cultural Values
Culture is the learned and
shared way of thinking and acting
among a group of people or
society.
What Are Values, and How Do
They Vary Across Cultures?

13. Sample country clusters on Hofstede’s Five Dimensions of
Natural Values
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What Are Values, and How Do
They Vary Across Cultures?

14. Values in the Workplace
 Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide
our preferences.
 Define right and wrong, good and bad:
what we “ought” to do.
 Direct our motivation, potentially decisions
and behavior.
 Value system: hierarchy of values.
 Compared with personality, values are:
 Evaluative (not descriptive).
 May conflict with each other.
 Affected more by nurture than nature.

15. Schwartz’s Values Model
 57 values clustered into 10
categories, and further
into four quadrants.
 Openness to change.
 Motivated to pursue innovative
ways.
 Conservation.
 Motivated to preserve the status
quo.
 Self-enhancement.
 Motivated by self-interest.
 Self-transcendence.
 Motivated to promote the
welfare of others and nature.
Exhibit 2.4 Schwartz’s Values Circumplex
Sources: S.H. Schwartz, “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Countries.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
25 (1992): 1-65: S.H. Schwartz and K. Boeh Structure of Human Values with Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” Journal of Research in Personality 38.

16. Class Activity
 15 minutes

17. Importance of Values at IKEA
 IKEA describes itself as a
values-driven company, so job
applicants need to reflect on
whether their personal values
are congruent with the global
retailer’s organizational values.

18. How Values Influence Decisions
and Behavior
 Values affect the relative
attractiveness of choices.
 Values frame perceptions.
 Values motivate us to act consistently
with self-concept and public image.

19. When Values Don’t Predict
Behavior
 Situational factors
are barriers or lack of
opportunity.
 Counter-motivational
forces.
 Lack of values
awareness.
 Values are abstract.
 Less mindful of values
with routine behavior.

20. Values Congruence
 Similarity of a person’s values
hierarchy to another source.
 Importance of values congruence.
 Team values congruence—higher team
cohesion and performance.
 Person–organization values congruence—
higher job satisfaction, loyalty, and
organizational citizenship, lower stress
and turnover.

21. Ethical Values and Behavior
 Ethics: study of moral principles and values,
whether actions are right or wrong,
outcomes are good or bad.
 Four ethical principles:
1. Utilitarianism.
 Greatest good for the greatest number.
2. Individual rights.
 Everyone has same natural rights.
3. Distributive justice.
 Benefits and burdens should be the same or proportional.
4. Ethic of care.
 Moral obligation to help others.

22. Indian Values and Beliefs
Indian Ethical Values
 The Vedas
 The Upanishads
 The Epics and Shreemad
Bhagwad Gita
 Other Scriptures (From
Different Religions)
Indian Ethical Beliefs
 Dharma
 Theory of Karma
 Tapa
 Bhakti
 Seva
 Nishkam Karma Yoga
 Gandhian Ethics

23. Task
 Rotter’s LOC
https://forms.gle/9zN3GzgDSShovV7cA