History of nursing

1. GROUP 2 PRESENTATION ON
HISTORY OF VIRGINIA
HENDERSON

3. INTRODUCTION
• Virginia Henderson, known as the "first lady of nursing," developed a
nursing theory that emphasizes the importance of patient
independence and the role of nurses in helping patients achieve that
independence. Her theory is often referred to as the "Need Theory,"
which is grounded in the belief that the primary goal of nursing is to
assist individuals in achieving their own health and wellness.

4. HISTORY OF VIRGINIA HENDERSON
• Virginia Henderson, born in 1901, was a trailblazing nurse
from Kansas. Her early career focused on nursing education
and administration. Throughout her life, she dedicated herself
to improving nursing practice through research and education.
Her most notable work, "The Nature of Nursing," was
published in 1966 and established her theory as a cornerstone
of nursing thought.

5. HENDERSON'S NURSING THEORY
• Henderson's theory is based on her definition of nursing: "The
unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or
well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health
or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform
unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.“
• This definition emphasizes the nurse's role as a helper and
focuses on assisting individuals in regaining their independence
to meet their basic needs. Henderson's theory is grounded in the
concept of 14 Basic Needs:

6. • Breathe normally.
• Eat and drink adequately.
• Eliminate body wastes.
• Move and maintain desirable positions.
• Sleep and rest.
• Choose clothing appropriate for climate and activity.
• Maintain body temperature within normal range.
• Keep the body clean and well groomed.

7. • Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.
• Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs,
fears, or opinions.
• Worship according to one's faith.
• Workin a way that contributesto feeling of
accomplishment.
• Play or participate in various forms of recreation.
• Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal
development and health, and to use available health facilities.

8. METAPARADIGM OF HENDERSON'S THEORY
• Henderson's theory centers around the
following metaparadigm concepts:
• Person: The "person" is a holistic individual with 14 basic
needs that influence their overall health and well-being.
• Environment: The environment plays a significant role in
impacting an individual's health and ability to meet their needs.
• Health: Health is defined as a state of well-being where basic
needs are met, and individuals can function independently.
• Nursing: Nursing is the act of assisting individuals in meeting
their basic needs to achieve health and well-being.

9. APPLICATION OF HENDERSON'S THEORY
TO PRACTICE
Let's consider a patient named Mr. Jones, who has recently had a
stroke, impacting his mobility and communication.
Using Henderson's theory, we can approach Mr. Jones' care in the
following way:
• Identify Unmet Needs: Based on Henderson's needs, Mr. Jones is
struggling with:
• Moving and maintaining desirable positions: He has difficulty
walking and requires assistance.
• Communicating with others: He is unable to
express himself verbally.

10. • Develop Interventions: Based on Henderson's theory, we
would implement the following interventions:
• Mobility: We would assist Mr. Jones with ambulation using
a walker, provide physical therapy to regain strength and
coordination, and position him properly to prevent pressure
ulcers.
• Communication: We would utilize communication boards,
picture cards, or assistive technology to facilitate
communication with Mr. Jones. We would also educate his
family on ways to communicate effectively with him.

11. • Develop Interventions: Based on Henderson's theory, we would
implement the following interventions:
• Mobility: We would assist Mr. Jones with ambulation using a
walker, provide physical therapy to regain strength and
coordination, and position him properly to prevent pressure
ulcers.
• Communication: We would utilize communication boards,
picture cards, or assistive technology to facilitate
communication with Mr. Jones. We would also educate his
family on ways to communicate effectively with him.

12. HENDERSON'S THEORY HAS SIGNIFICANT
STRENGTHS:
• Universality: The 14 basic needs are applicable across various
cultures and patient populations.
• Holistic Approach: The theory emphasizes a holistic view of the
patient, considering their physical, emotional, and social needs.
• Focus on Independence: It highlights the importance of promoting
patient independence in meeting their needs, empowering them to
regain control over their health.

13. HOWEVER, THE THEORY ALSO HAS LIMITATIONS:
• Social Determinants: It doesn't explicitly address the impact
of social determinants of health, which can significantly
influence an individual's well-being.
• Adaptability: The 14 needs may require adaptation based on
individual circumstances and advancements in technology.

14. CONCLUSION
Virginia Henderson's Nursing Theory continues to be a
valuable framework for guiding nursing practice. Its
emphasis on patient-centered care, meeting basic needs,
and promoting independence remains relevant today. As
we strive to provide holistic care, Henderson's theory
offers a powerful lens for understanding and addressing the
unique needs of every patient.

15. Q&A
• I encourage you to ask any questions you may have
about Virginia Henderson's theory or its application
in practice.
• This presentation has highlighted the significance
of Henderson's theory in shaping our understanding
of nursing. I hope you found this exploration
valuable.

16. GROUP MEMBERS
• 0311068523 ABDUL RASHEED MOHAMMED, ZAKARIA
• 0311043223 ABDUL RAUF, AMINA (MISS)
• 0311023323 ABDUL RAZAK IMAN
• 0311078923 ALI TAIBA
• 0311043323 ABDUL-RAHIM, RUKAIYATU (MISS)
• 0311060323 ABOAGYE, ERNESTINA SARPONG
• 0311050823 ABOAGYE, MERCY POKUAA
• 0311000223 ABORAH BENEDICTA
• 0311034023 ABOTAREYE, ESTHER (MISS)
• 0311003723 ABRAFI THERESA
• 0311045823. MARFO, DEBORAH KONAMAH (MISS)
• 0311056623. MARFO, GRACE
• 0311058423. MARFO, GRACE
• 0311064123. MARFO, REJOICE ANANE
• 0311041423. NARH, ESTHER
• 0311014623. ZULEIHAABUBAKARI TUNGTEIYA