This document discusses three theories of motivation: Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory which states that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs like food and shelter before seeking higher needs; Frederick Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory that proposes motivators like achievement and recognition motivate employees while hygiene factors like salary and working conditions prevent dissatisfaction; and Douglas McGregor's theory X and Y which suggests that managers have either a theory X view that employees dislike work and must be closely controlled through threats and punishment, or a theory Y view that work can be a natural activity and self-direction in work can be internally satisfying to employees.