MongoDB.local Austin 2018: Workload Isolation: Are You Doing it Wrong?
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Workload isolation sounds like a good idea. But what does that mean, are you currently doing it, and what are the pitfalls of not doing it (or doing it incorrectly)? In this practical talk [for all levels] we will look at ways to isolate different workloads from each other, as well as look at some disaster stories (both real-life and hypothetical) that were a result of "doing it wrong.
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MongoDB.local Austin 2018: Workload Isolation: Are You Doing it Wrong?
- 1. Workload Isolation... @asya999 #askAsya - ask me what you're doing wrong (you might be doing it wrong)
- 4. 7 Deadly Sins (of bad MongoDB deployments) 5 Stages of Grief (of bad MongoDB deployments) 10 Commandments (of good MongoDB deployments)
- 6. Human Error Power Outages Fire Server Room Issues Unscheduled Updates & Patches
- 10. Why?
- 13. These Stories Are True or they are based on stories that are true Based* on real cases filed with MongoDB Support All names changed Some details* may have been omitted * some cases may have been combined and/or embellished to make a point * just boring ones, not the really embarrassing ones
- 14. January 9 The Case of Mistaken Delete
- 15. simple typo replica set had 45 days in the oplog but oldest backup was 90+ days but ... saved the DB files (all of them) We accidentally remove()ed an entire collection. Is there a way to undo?
- 16. recovery not for the faint of heart ... all data was recovered Conclusion: Replication ≠ Backups Do regular backups. Don't do production operations "ad hoc" noSQL ≠ noDBA We accidentally remove()ed an entire collection. Is there a way to undo?
- 17. Scalability
- 21. Application Driver mongos mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod Shard 1 Shard 2 mongod mongod mongod Shard 3
- 22. Application Driver mongos mongos••• mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N
- 23. Application Driver mongos mongos••• mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N Application Driver mongos
- 24. Application Driver mongos mongos••• mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N Application Driver Application Driver mongos•••mongos •••
- 25. mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongos ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N DATA DATA DATA DATA mongos mongosmongos mongos
- 26. DATA DATA DATA DATA mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongos ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N mongos mongosmongos mongos
- 27. DATA DATA DATA DATA mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongos ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N mongos mongosmongos mongos
- 28. DATA DATA DATA DATA mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongos ••• Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N mongos mongosmongos mongos
- 29. DATA DATA DATA DATA mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod mongod app 0 ••• Shard 0 Shard 0 Shard 0 Shard 0 app 2 app 3app 1 app 4
- 31. SHARDING
- 32. SHARDING
- 33. SHARDING
- 34. SHARDING
- 35. SHARDING
- 36. SHARDING
- 37. SHARDING
- 38. SHARDING
- 39. SHARDING
- 40. SHARDING
- 41. SHARDING
- 42. SHARDING
- 43. SHARDING
- 44. SHARDING 2
- 45. SHARDING 2 3
- 46. SHARDING 2 4 3
- 47. SHARDING 5 2 4 3
- 52. Query Scaling Rate Comparison Number of shards vs Number of queries Each query target one shard Per shard/system TOTAL Each query target all shard Per shard/system TOTAL 1 10,000/10K 10K/10K 2 5,000/10K 10K/20K 5 2,000/10K 10K/50K 10 1,000/10K 10K/100K If your application sends 10,000 queries
- 53. Query Scaling Rate Comparison Number of shards vs Total query capacity Each query target one shard Per shard/system TOTAL Each query target all shard Per shard/system TOTAL 1 10K/10K 10K/10K 2 10K/20K 10K/10K 5 10K/50K 10K/10K 10 10K/100K 10K/10K If each shard can process 10,000 queries
- 58. Can I prove it? Can I demonstrate it?
- 59. PROOF Open Source Reference Implementation • Various Fanout Feed Models • User Graph Implementation • Content storage Configurable models and options Built-in benchmarking https://github.com/mongodb-labs/socialite
- 61. Optimized for Performance User timeline cache Schema Indexing Horizontal Scaling
- 62. Operational Testing Built-in User facing latency Linear scaling of resources Most important criteria? • Generates realistic real-life-scale workload • compared to Twitter, etc. • Confirms architecture scales linearly • without loss of responsiveness
- 63. Perfect Candidate to Benchmark
- 69. Comparison Shard Everything Separate Clusters Scalability Availability Reliability Debug-ability
- 71. January 18 The case of deleted database
- 72. Accidentally deleted DB directory Restored recent backup... but mongod won't start Backups were not good: taken incorrectly Unable to start mongod process
- 73. Unable to start mongod process Conclusion: Most Important Part of Backups: RESTORES Test your backups noSQL ≠ noDBA Unable to start mongod process
- 74. Comparison Shard Everything Separate Clusters Scalability Availability Reliability Debug-ability
- 75. January 13 The case of missing metadata
- 76. January 13: "DBA" adds a new shard "DBA" observes that data does not seem to be migrating to new shard "DBA" sets out to "fix" the "problem" By "re-sharding" the database/collection in question Which doesn't work (because it's already sharded) "Simple" solution: remove the config DB metadata for chunks! Try resharding again! Force it! Sequence of Events
- 77. How did we help them fix it? My colleague The Operation
- 78. Result Conclusion noSQL ≠ noDBA Everybody has a test environment... Some people are lucky enough enough to have a totally separate production environment.
- 80. May 22 The case of the single data center
- 81. At 4:30 PM, Friday alpha page comes in Two senior support engineers work the ticket till 10 PM The details: 33 node, 17 terabyte sharded cluster (11 shards, 3 node replica each), single data center, no journaling no backups Add to that: power failure in the data center no UPS Result: unreadable data on every node noSQL ≠ noDBA Sequence of Events
- 82. Bad things happen to good data centers
- 84. December 30 The case of disappearing data files
- 85. Dec 29 2013 10:35:00 AM: db.stats() is showing dataSize > fileSize Dec 29 2013 04:44:00 PM: "there are data files viewed as missing by `mongod`" Dec 30 2013 02:12:00 AM: Seeing incorrect fileSize on numerous servers you can see a drop in fileSize on 12/28 in MMS with no corresponding drop in the other size metrics. Dec 30 2013 02:19:00 AM: "[do] these databases have anything in common, especially with the xxxx DB from yesterday? Dec 30 2013 02:22:00 AM: Nothing comes to mind ... that DBs have in common Sequence of Events Dec 30 2013 02:28:00 AM: We notice this all happening at the same time. We think something might be deleting data files. Dec 30 2013 02:31:00 AM: "Something is deleting data files outside mongod?"
- 86. Dec 29 2013 04:44:00 PM: "there are data files viewed as missing by `mongod`" Dec 30 2013 02:12:00 AM: Seeing incorrect fileSize on numerous servers you can see a drop in fileSize on 12/28 in MMS with no corresponding drop in the other size metrics. Dec 30 2013 02:19:00 AM: "[do] these databases have anything in common, especially with the xxxx DB from yesterday? Dec 30 2013 02:22:00 AM: Nothing comes to mind ... that DBs have in common Sequence of Events Dec 30 2013 02:28:00 AM: We notice this all happening at the same time. We think something might be deleting data files. Dec 30 2013 02:31:00 AM: "Something is deleting data files outside mongod?" Dec 30 2013 02:57:00 AM: Yes. We deleted actual db files on both the primaries and secondaries on the 28th.
- 87. Dec 29 2013 04:44:00 PM: "there are data files viewed as missing by `mongod`" Dec 30 2013 02:12:00 AM: Seeing incorrect fileSize on numerous servers you can see a drop in fileSize on 12/28 in MMS with no corresponding drop in the other size metrics. Dec 30 2013 02:19:00 AM: "[do] these databases have anything in common, especially with the xxxx DB from yesterday? Dec 30 2013 02:22:00 AM: Nothing comes to mind ... that DBs have in common Sequence of Events Dec 28 2013: Someone notices that they are low on disk space and as a solution writes a shell script that finds every file on every disk on every server that's bigger than 1GB in size and which hasn't been accessed in >3 days. And it then deletes it. This script ran on every server deleting every database file bigger than 1GB which hasn't been accessed in the previous few days... Dec 30 2013 02:28:00 AM: We notice this all happening at the same time. We think something might be deleting data files. Dec 30 2013 02:31:00 AM: "Something is deleting data files outside mongod?" Dec 30 2013 02:57:00 AM: Yes. We deleted actual db files on both the primaries
- 88. Ultimately, NO data was lost. running `mongod` process keeps the "deleted" file from being removed running `mongod` can recreate all data files via db.repair() BUT... there is no disk space for db.repair() Luckily, an extra server or two are "found" and allow rotating re-sync of new secondary in each replica set. Again: no data was lost. All data was fully and successfully recovered. Guess the Outcome!
- 89. THANK YOU Enjoy The Rest of the Day