The document provides an introduction to energy, defining it as the ability to do work or cause changes in matter, with examples illustrating kinetic and potential energy. It explains work as the transfer of energy involving force and distance, and details various forms of energy including mechanical, thermal, electrical, and nuclear. The text also distinguishes between energy transfer and transformation, highlighting their relevance in real-world applications such as transportation.

1. Do Now
• Write the definition of Transform
• Write the definition of Transfer

2. Energy
MODULE I – UNIT 1

3. Introduction to
Energy
MODULE I – UNIT 1 –
LESSON 1 - EXPLORATION1
ANALYZING ENERGY

4. What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to
do work or to cause
changes in matter.

5. Examples on Energy
Objects move because energy
is added to them.
For example:-
 Traditional wind-up toy
 A crane lifting steel beams to
construct a skyscraper.
The motion of the toy is the result
of an initial input of energy from
the user turning the key.

6. ENERGY and WORK
• In both a wind-up toy and a crane, a force
applied to an object results in its movement
over a distance.
• The amount of energy required to move a
large steel beam is much greater than the
energy needed to move a wind-up toy.

7. WORK
Work is the transfer of energy to an
object by a force that causes the object
to move in the direction of that force.
•Work ( W ) can be calculated using the
formula:-
W = F×d

8. Where;
• F is the force applied
to the object, in units
of newtons (N)
• d is the distance the
object moved, in
units of meters (m)
• W is the work, in units
of joules (J).

9. Robot 1

10. Robot 2

11. Do Now
1- What is Energy?
Give 2 Examples on Energy

12. Robot 3

13. Robot 4

14. Classwork

15. Potential and Kinetic
Energy

16. The more massive
the object or the
faster it is traveling,
the more energy it
has.
oThe energy of
motion is called
Kinetic Energy
(KE).

17. Do Now
1- Give 3 Examples on kinetic
Energy

18. Examples on
Kinetic Energy
• A person walking
• A moving football
• Food falling from the table
• Pencil moving inside of the
bag
• Roller skating
And many more examples..

19. o An object may also
have stored
energy based on its
relative position known
as Potential energy
(PE).
o The energy stored in
an object due to
its physical position
and the force of
gravity acting on it is
called gravitational
potential energy
(GPE).

20. 1. Potential energy can be transformed into kinetic
energy and back again.
 Think about a rolling marble. If the marble is at the top of a
ramp, it has gravitational potential energy because of its
position above the floor.
2. As the marble rolls down the ramp, it gains
kinetic energy. At the bottom, nearly all of the
potential energy has been transformed into
kinetic energy.
3. That kinetic energy can be transformed back
into potential energy if the marble continues up
another ramp.

21. Watch video

22. Examples on Potential Energy
A car that is
parked at the
top of a hill.
A book on a
table before
it falls.
A child at the
top of a slide.
Ripe fruit
before it falls.
Water inside
a water
bottle.
And many
more
examples..

23. Classwork

24. Review Question 1
What is the work of an object that
had a force of 23 N applied to it
and moved a distance of 4 m?

25. Review
Question 2
An object moved a distance
of 8 m after a force equal to
290 N was applied to it. What
is the work done?

26. Review
Question 3
FIND THE WORK THAT A CAR
DID IF THE FORCE IT APPLIED
WAS 45 N AND IT MOVED
200 M.

27. Review
Question 4
A ball travels a distance of 32
m when a force of 158 N was
applied to it. What was the
work done by the ball?

28. Review
Question 5
An airplane travels a
distance of 7300 m with a
force of 90 N was applied to
it. What was the work done
by the airplane?

29. Review
Question 6
Potential energy is the stored
energy of the object due to
its position. True or False?

30. Review Question 7
• A man is pushing a box on a flat
ground for a distance of 3 meters.
Calculate the force applied by a
man to the box, knowing that the
amount of work done by the man
is 1200 J.

31. Review Question 8
An apple hanging from a tree
is an example of kinetic
energy. True/ False.

32. Do Now
1- Give 3 Examples on potential
Energy

33. Forms of Energy

34. There are different forms of
energy. Here are some
examples;-
1. Mechanical Energy
2. Thermal Energy
3. Electromagnetic
Energy
4. Sound Energy
5. Electrical Energy
6. Elastic Energy
7. Chemical Energy
8. Nuclear Energy

35. Mechanical
Energy
• The mechanical energy of an object is
the sum of the object’s kinetic energy
and potential energy.
• In other words, mechanical energy is the
energy of an object due to its motion
and its position.
• An object’s mechanical energy can be
all potential energy, all kinetic energy, or
a combination of potential and kinetic
energy.

36. Thermal Energy
• Thermal energy is the total kinetic
energy of all the particles that
make up an object.
• Particles move faster at higher
temperatures than at lower
temperatures.
• The faster the particles in an object
move, the more thermal energy
the object has.
• Also, the more particles an object
has, the more thermal energy it
has.

37. Electromagnetic
Energy
• Electromagnetic energy is the
kinetic energy of electromagnetic
waves, which include visible light,
x-rays, and microwaves.
• X-rays are high-energy waves
used by doctors and dentists
to look at your bones.
• Microwaves can be used to
cook food or to transmit cell
phone calls.

38. Sound
Energy
• Sound energy is kinetic energy caused by
the vibration of particles in a medium, such
as steel, water, or air.
• When you pluck the strings of a guitar, they vibrate,
producing sound. These vibrations travel outward from
the guitar, and transfer energy to air around the
strings. As the particles of the air vibrate, they transfer
the sound energy to other particles. The vibrating
particles do work on special structures in your ear that
allow you to interpret the vibrations as sound.

39. Electrical Energy
• Electrical energy is the kinetic
energy of moving electric
charges.
• The more electric charges
that are moving, the more
electrical energy is carried
by the wire.
• Electrical energy can
occur in nature in the form
of lightning and smaller
static electricity shocks.

40. Elastic
Energy
• Elastic energy is the potential mechanical
energy stored in an object when work is
performed to change its shape.
• You can observe this energy when you stretch a
rubber band or squeeze a spring.

41. Chemical Energy
• Chemical energy is the
potential energy stored in
the chemical bonds of
substances.
• Sources of chemical
energy include
batteries, fuels, and
matches. The foods
you eat also contain
chemical energy.

42. Nuclear
Energy
• Nuclear energy is the potential energy
stored in the nucleus of an atom.
• When an atom’s nucleus breaks apart
or when the nuclei of two small atoms
join together, energy is released.
• The energy given off by the sun
comes from nuclear energy. The sun’s
light and heat come from these
reactions. Without nuclear energy
from the sun, life would not exist on
Earth.

43. Do Now
WHAT IS THE FORMULA TO
SOLVE FOR WORK?

44. Energy Transfer and
Transformation

45. What is the difference
between energy transfer
and energy transformation?

46. When you roll a ball across a surface, you
know that the ball has kinetic energy because
it is moving. What will happen if the rolling ball
then hits another ball at rest?
The ball that is at rest will also start
rolling, which means that it now
has kinetic energy, as well. This is
an example of energy transfer.
When two objects collide, each
exerts a force on the other that
can cause energy to pass from
one to the other. In this case,
kinetic energy is transferred from
one ball to the other.
Energy Transfer

47. The two balls will also
make a noise as they
collide, indicating that
sound energy has been
produced. This is an
example of an energy
transformation, or the
change of one form of
energy into another.
Any form of energy can
turn into another form of
energy in an energy
transformation.
Energy Transformation

48. Energy Transfer and Transformation
examples
All forms of transportation require energy transformations:
1. Riding a bicycle depends on the transformation of
Chemical energy
within your body into
Mechanical energy
from your muscles,
which
is transferred to
The bike pedals and
the rest of the
bike’s gear system.

49. 2. Traveling by car or bus requires the transformation of
Chemical energy from fuel or
a battery into
Thermal and mechanical
energy to power its engine,
Which transfers mechanical
energy to the drive chain.