MODULE 3 - RIZAL'S FAMILY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD.pptx

Rizal life:
Family,
childhood
and early
educatio
n

2
Question: Does Jose Rizal
have an ancestor from
China?

3
• Answer: Yes.
• When Jose Rizal was born, this was
about 20 years after the “Claveria
decree”of 1849 was issued (Gov-Gen
Narciso Claveria).
• The law mandated that Filipinos had to
select a permanent family name, not
necessarily Spanish, the purpose of
which was to help improve the
administration of government.

4
• Because of this, Jose Rizal together with
his parents’ generation, seems to have
several surnames, the reason behind
was they sometimes reflect the old
surname and/or the new surname in legal
documents.
• The don’t consistently used the surnames
which made it confusing.

5
• In Jose Rizal’s baptismal record, he was
named Jose Risal-Mercado, son to
Francisco Risal-Mercado and Teodora
Alonso y Realonda
• Rizal’s parents were tenant-farmers of
the Dominican friars. The couple had 11
children, 2 boys and 9 girls
• The couple outlived their son Jose.

6
• Rizal’s paternal Grandfather was Juan
Monica Mercado. Juan Mercado lived in
a large stone house in the center of
Biñan, Laguna and was known as
Capitan Juan.
• Like his father, Juan served as the towns
“capitan del pueblo”.
• Juan was part of a Chinese migrant clan,
but during his lifetime, he was to first to
declare his family as “indio” for tax
purpose.

7
• Juan Mercado married Cirila Alejandro,
and they had 12 children, 7 boys and 5
girls
• Rizal’s paternal Great-Grandfather was
Francisco Mercado. In 1783, he was also
the Capitan del pueblo of Biñan. His son
Juan followed his footsteps.
• He married Bernarda Monica in1771 and
had 2 sons. He died in 1801 in his
hometown at the age of 70.

The Mercado - Rizal Family
• Rizal’s Paternal Great-Great Grandfather
Domingo Lam-co (1662-1747), Cua Li
Lam in Hokkien and Ke Yi-nan in
Mandarin.
• Was born in 1662, in Sionque in the
Chinchew or Chiangchew District of
Fookien, China (now Fujian District).
• He migrated to the Philippines due to
political unrest
8

9
• He was baptized on June 9, 1697, as
Domingo, when he was 35 years old.
• He settled in Biñan, Laguna on the
Dominican estate called San Isidro
Labrador. He became a leader among the
Chinese Community and was a frequent
Godfather in baptisms and weddings
• Domingo helped in the founding of Tubigan
Barrio in the richest part of the estate,

10
• He married Ines Dela Rosa Chinco in Manila
and they has at least 3 children.
• Domingo changed his surname to Mercado,
which means “market”, a fitting name for the
merchant that he was.
• He died in Biñan in 1747 at the age of 85.
• The sister city of Calamba, Laguna is
Jinjiang, Fujian, China, the modern name for
Lam-co’s homeland.
• A plaza and monument dedicated to Jose
Rizal was built here in 1999

11
• According to the plaza marker, research
showed Jose Rizal was from 22nd
generation
descendant of the “Ke family patriarch.”
• Chinese family history is recorded in a jiapu
(a family book) or zupu(a clan book) a
Chinese genealogy book.
• These books trace the male lineage from
the oldest known ancestor to the present.

 Don FRANCISCO MERCADO y Alejandro
(1818-1898) Father of Jose Rizal, was the
youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila
Mercado.
 Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; He
studied Latin and Philosophy at the San José
College in Manila.
12

13
 After his parents’ death he moved to
Calamba and became a tenant-farmer of the
Dominican-owned hacienda.
 He was a hardy and independent man, a
hardworking man of few words; He died on
January 5, 1898, in Binondo, Manila.

14
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)
 Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of
Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, municipal captain of
Biñan, Laguna and Brigida de Quintos.
 Her families adopted surname was Realonda in
1849, following the Claveria decree
 She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa; She
was a business-minded woman, courteous,
religious, hard-working and well-read.
 She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November
14, 1827, and died in 1913 in San Nicolas, Manila.

15
 Saturnina Rizal Mercado de Hidalgo
(June 4, 1850 – September 14, 1913), or simply
Saturnina Hidalgo, was the eldest sister José Rizal.
 She was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native
and one of the richest persons in Tanauan,
Batangas. She was known as “Neneng”.
 While Pepe ultimately chose a different path, the
women of the family encouraged Pepe in the
direction of gynecology and obstetrics because
of the high rates of maternal death and sickness
from various women's diseases Filipinas
experienced.

16
 PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second
child of Francisco and Teodora Mercado.
 Studied at San Jose College in Manila;
became a farmer and later a general of the
Philippine Revolution.
 He lived a quiet life as a gentleman farmer,
and died on April 13, 1930, at the age of 79
of tuberculosis.

17
 Doña Narcisa Rizal was born on 29
October 1852, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines,
her father, Francisco Mercado, and her mother,
Teodora Alonso Realonda,
 She married Antonino Manapat Lopez on 6
June 1875, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines.
 They were the parents of at least 5 sons and
4 daughters.
 She died on 24 June 1939, in Manila, at the
age of 86, and was buried in Manila North
Cemetery, Manila.

18
 Doña Olympia Mercado Ubaldo was born in
December 1854, in Calamba, Laguna.
 She married Silvestre Ubaldo about 1882, in
Philippines.
 They were the parents of at least 3 sons.
 She died on 22 September 1887, in her
hometown, at the age of 32, and was at the
Manila North cemetery.

19
 Doña Lucía Rizal was born on 13
 December 1856, in Calamba, Laguna,
 She married Mariano Montes Herbosa on 27
February 1876, in Calamba, Laguna,
Philippines.
 They were the parents of at least 4 sons and
7 daughters.
 She died on 25 December 1919, in her
hometown, at the age of 63, and was buried
in Manila North Cemetery, Manila, Metro
Manila, Philippines.

20
 Doña María Rizal was born in April 1859, in
Laguna, Philippines.
 She married Daniel Faustino Cruz on 5 June
1886, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines.
 They were the parents of at least 2 sons and 3
daughters.
 She died on 1 September 1945, in San Pablo,
Luisiana, Laguna, at the age of 86, and was
buried in San Pablo, Luisiana, Laguna.

21
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal was born on
 19 June 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.
 His Common-law-wife was Marie Josephine
Leopoldine Bracken on, born on August 8, 1876
in Central Hongkong.
 They were the parents of at least 1 son.
 He died on 30 December 1896, in Ermita,
Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines, at the age of
35, and was buried in Luneta, Manila.

22
 Concepción Rizal was born in 1862, in
Philippines, her father, Francisco Rizal
Mercado, was 44 and her mother,
Teodora Alonso Realonda, was 35.
 She died in 1865, at the age of 3.

23
 Doña Josefa Rizal was born on 11
March 1866, in Calamba, Laguna,
Philippines, her father, Francisco Rizal
Mercado, was 47 and her mother,
Teodora Alonso Realonda, was 38.
 She died in 1945, at the age of 79.

24
 Doña Trinidad Rizal was born in 1868,
in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines, her
father, Francisco Rizal Mercado, was 50
and her mother, Teodora Alonso
Realonda, was 41.
 She died on 9 May 1951, in her
hometown, at the age of 83, and was
buried in Manila North Cemetery.

Doña Soledad Rizal was born in 1870, in
Calamba, Laguna, Philippines, her father,
Francisco Rizal Mercado, was 52 and her
mother, Teodora Alonso Realonda, was 43.
She married Don Pantaleon Quintero on 23
June 1890, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines.
They were the parents of at least 4 sons and
2 daughters.
She died on 26 August 1929, in San Roque,
Dasmariñas, Cavite, at the age of 59, and was
buried Cavite.
25

In Calamba, Laguna
 19 June 1861 between 11 and 12
midnight, JOSE RIZAL, the seventh child of
Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso y
Quintos, was born in Calamba, Laguna.
 22 June 1861 He was baptized JOSE
PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO y REALONDA
at the Catholic Church of Calamba by the
parish priest Rev. Rufino Collantes with Rev.
Pedro Casañas as the sponsor.
27

28
 28 September 1862 The parochial church of
Calamba and the canonical books, including
the book in which Rizal’s baptismal records
were entered, were burned.
• 1864 Barely three years old, Rizal learned the
alphabet from his mother.

 1865 When he was four years old, his sister
Conception, the eight child in the Rizal family,
died at the age of three. It was on this
occasion that Rizal remembered having shed
real tears for the first time. Rizal’s first sorrow.
29

30
 1865 – 1867 During this time his mother taught
him how to read and write.
 His father hired a classmate by the name of
Leon Monroy who, for five months until his
death, taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin.

31
 At about this time two of his mother’s cousin
frequented Calamba.
Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in
British school in Calcutta, India and had
traveled in Europe inspired Rizal to develop
his artistic ability
Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man,
encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body by
means of physical exercises
Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s
voracious reading of good book

6 June 1868
his father, Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo
to fulfill the vow made by his mother to take the
child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo
should she and her child survive the ordeal of
delivery which nearly caused his mother’s life.
From there they proceeded to Manila and
visited his sister Saturnina who was at the time
studying in the La Concordia College in Sta.
Ana.
32

 Rizal had his early education in Calamba
and Biñan. It was a typical schooling that a
son of an ilustrados family received during
his time, characterized by the four R’s-
reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.
 Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge
was forced into the minds of the pupils by
means of the tedious memory method aided
by the teacher’s whip.
34
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

35
 Despite the defects of the Spanish system of
elementary education, Rizal was able to
acquire the necessary instruction preparatory
for college work in Manila.
 It may be said that Rizal, who was born a
physical weakling, rose to become an
intellectual giant not because of, but rather in
spite of, the outmoded and backward system
of instruction obtaining in the Philippines
during the last decades of Spanish regime.

 The Hero’s First Teacher The first teacher
of Rizal was his mother, who was a
remarkable woman of good character and
fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the
age of three the alphabet and the prayers.
 "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student
memoirs, "taught me how to read and to
say haltingly the humble prayers which I
raised fervently to God.“
36

37
 As tutor, Doña Teodora was patient,
conscientious, and understanding. It was
she who first discovered that her son had a
talent for poetry.
 Accordingly, she encouraged him to write
poems. To lighten the monotony of
memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her
son’s imagination, she related many stories.

38
 As Jose grew older, his parents
employed private tutors to give him
lessons at home.
 The first was Maestro Celestino and the
second, Maestro Lucas Padua. Later,
an old man named Leon Monroy, a
former classmate of Rizal’s father,
became the boy’s tutor.

39
 He was accompanied by Paciano , who
acted as his second father. The two brothers
rode in a carromata, reaching their
destination after one and one-half hours’
drive.
 They proceeded to their aunt’s house, where
Jose was to lodge. It was almost night when
they arrived, and the moon was about to
rise.

40
 That same night, Jose, with his cousin
named Leandro, went sightseeing in the
town. Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose
became depressed because of
homesickness.
 "In the moonlight," he recounted, "I
remembered my home town, my idolized
mother, and my solicitous sisters.

 This old teacher lived at the Rizal home
and instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin.
Unfortunately, he did not lived long. He died
five months later.
 After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents
decided to send their gifted son to a private
school in Biñan.
 Jose Goes to Biñan One Sunday afternoon
in June , 1869, Jose, after kissing the
hands of his parents and a tearful parting
from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan.
41

 Ah, how sweet to me was Calamba, my
own town, in spite of the fact that was not
as wealthy as Biñan.
 "First Day in Biñan School The next
morning (Monday) Paciano brought his
younger brother to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz. The school was in
the house of the teacher, which was a
small nipa hut about 30 meters from the
home of Jose’s aunt.
42

43
 Paciano knew the teacher quite well
because he had been a pupil under him
before. He introduced Jose to the teacher,
after which he departed to return to
Calamba. Immediately,
 Jose was assigned his seat in the class. The
teacher asked him:“ Do you know
Spanish?"“ A little, sir," replied the Calamba
lad.“ Do you know Latin?“

44
 "A little, sir.“ The boys in the class,
especially Pedro, the teacher’s son laughed
at Jose’s answers.
 The teacher sharply stopped all noises and
begun the lessons of the day. Jose
described his teacher in Biñan as follows:
 "He was tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp
nose and a body slightly bent forward, and
he used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by
the skilled hands of the women of Batangas.
 He knew by the heart the grammars by
Nebrija and Gainza.

 Add to this severity that in my judgement
was exaggerated and you have a picture,
perhaps vague, that I have made of him, but
I remember only this.
 "First School Brawling the afternoon of his
first day in school, when the teacher was
having his siesta, Jose met the bully, Pedro.
He was angry at this bully for making fun of
him during his conversation with the teacher
in the morning.
45

46
 Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter
readily accepted, thinking that he could
easily beat the Calamba boy who was
smaller and younger.
 The two boys wrestled furiously in the
classroom, much to the glee of their
classmates.
 Jose, having learned the art of wrestling
from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the
bigger boy. For this feat, he became popular
among his classmates.

47
 After the class in the afternoon, a
classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged him to an arm-wrestling match.
They went to a sidewalk of a house and
wrestled with their arms.
 Jose, having the weaker arm, lost and
nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.
In succeeding days, he had other fights
with the boys of Biñan.

 He was not quarrelsome by nature, but he
never ran away from a fight. Best Student in
School In academic studies, Jose beat all
Biñan boys. He surpassed them all in
Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.
 Some of his older classmates were jealous
of his intellectual superiority. They wickedly
squealed to the teacher whenever Jose had
a fight outside the school, and even told lies
to discredit him before the teacher’s eyes.
fell, the teacher had to punish Jose.
48

49
 Early Schooling in Biñan Jose had a very
vivid imagination and a very keen sense of
observation.
 At the age of seven he traveled with his
father for the first time to Manila and thence
to Antipolo to fulfill the promise of a
pilgrimage made by his mother at the time
of his birth.
 They embarked in a casco, a very
ponderous vessel commonly used in the
Philippines. It was the first trip on the lake
that Jose could recollect.

50
 As darkness fell, he spent the hours by
the katig, admiring the grandeur of the
water and the stillness of the night,
although he was seized with a
superstitious fear when he saw a water
snake entwine itself around the bamboo
beams of the katig.

 With what joy did he see the sun at the
daybreak as its luminous rays shone upon
the glistening surface of the wide lake,
producing a brilliant effect!
 With what joy did he talk to his father, for
he had not uttered a word during the night!
When they proceeded to Antipolo, he
experienced the sweetest emotions upon
seeing the gay banks of the Pasig and the
towns of Cainta and Taytay.
51

52
 In Antipolo he prayed, kneeling before the
image of the Virgin of Peace and Good
Voyage, of whom he would later sing in
elegant verses.
 Then he saw Manila, the great metropolis ,
with its Chinese sores and European
bazaars. And visited his elder sister,
Saturnina, in Santa Ana, who was a
boarding student in the Concordia College.
 When he was nine years old, his father sent
him to Biñan to continue studying Latin,
because his first teacher had died.

 His brother Paciano took him to Biñan one
Sunday, and Jose bade his parents and
sisters good-bye with tears in his eyes.
 Oh, how it saddened him to leave for the
first time and live far from his home and
his family! But he felt ashamed to cry and
had to conceal his tears and sentiments.
 "O Shame," he explained, "how many
beautiful and pathetic scenes the world
would witness without thee!“
53

54
 They arrived at Biñan in the evening. His
brother took him to the house of his aunt
where he was to stay, and left him after
introducing him to the teacher.
 At night, in company with his aunt’s
grandson named Leandro, Jose took a
walk around the town in the light of the
moon. To him the town looked extensive
and rich but sad and ugly.

 His teacher in Biñan was a severe
disciplinarian. His name was Justiniano
Aquino Cruz. "He was a tall man, lean
and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a
body slightly bent forward.
 He used to wear a sinamay shirt woven
by the deft hands of Batangas women. He
knew by memory the grammars of Nebrija
and Gainza.
 To this add a severity which, in my
judgement I have made of him, which is
all I remember.
55

56
 "The boy Jose distinguished himself in
class, and succeeded in surpassing many of
his older classmates.
 Some of these were so wicked that, even
without reason, they accused him before the
teacher, for which, in spite of his progress,
he received many whippings and strokes
from the ferule.
 Rare was the day when he was not
stretched on the bench for a whipping or
punished with five or six blows on the open
palm.

57
 Jose’s reaction to all these punishments
was one of intense resentment in order to
learn and thus carry out his father’s will.
Jose spent his leisure hours with
Justiniano’s father-in-law, a master
painter. From him he took his first two
sons, two nephews, and a grandson.

 His way life was methodical and well
regulated. He heard mass at four if there
was one that early, or studied his lesson at
that hour and went to mass afterwards.
 Returning home, he might look in the
orchard for a mabolo fruit to eat, then he
took his breakfast, consisting generally of a
plate of rice and two dried sardines.
 After that he would go to class, from which
he was dismissed at ten, then home again.
58

59
 He ate with his aunt and then began at ten,
then home again. He ate with his aunt and
then began to study.
 At half past two he returned to class and
left at five. He might play for a short time
with some cousins before returning home.
 He studied his lessons, drew for a while,
and then prayed and if there was a moon,
his friends would invite him to play in the
street in company with other boys.

60
 Whenever he remembered his town, he
thought with tears in his eyes of his
beloved father, his idolized mother, and
his solicitous sisters.

 Ah, how sweet was his town even though
not so opulent as Biñan! He grew sad and
thoughtful. While he was studying in Biñan,
he returned to his hometown now and then.
 How long the road seemed to him in going
and how short in coming! When from afar
he descried the roof of his house, secret joy
filled his breast. How he looked for pretexts
to remain longer at home!
61

62
 A day more seemed to him a day spent in
heaven, and how he wept, though silently
and secretly, when he saw the calesa that
was flower that him Biñan!
 Then everything looked sad; a flower that
he touched, a stone that attracted his
attention he gathered, fearful that he might
not see it again upon his return.
 It was a sad but delicate and quite pain that
possessed him.

Thank you
and
Godbless you!
63

MODULE 3 - RIZAL'S FAMILY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD.pptx

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