The document discusses various aspects of high voltage modules, including the mechanisms of ionization, breakdown phenomena, and the influence of environmental conditions on electrical insulation. It emphasizes the importance of material properties, such as dielectric strength and mechanical strength, in determining the performance and reliability of high voltage systems. Additionally, it analyzes methods for mitigating breakdown risks and the electrical and thermal dynamics involved in high voltage applications.

1. HIGH VoLTAGE
MODULE - O1
Tnuoduton oy High woda Eng9
>100O V
v(HVAc) lHiqh
>1500v (HvDc)
Peuw sytun
HVAC þoun
dosss oh al tt1
Advaudagi
PROTECTION [2)¬¬ 71]
’ eduud
pedue cot
ENGa PowER GysTEM
þown
Applicatons
Thdutu
’ESP
(coutol
aiv
þoll
ton)
CEetotati
pacipitotor]
> ucbiostaliipouutig
12)oal24
(Accelerati
ulecteical
ighlu cablu au uud.
Cowpad daigu
tbny &wolag High wtg aud dow cha
’ladssulaton

2. - Runae etuoecouoed albu
->Faal
14)eql24
piiltuic:- Poor or
qaseows
fAiY, Vauen
SFE]
Coudutuon
taunisiou Lowws
it
Primay
Solid
bad Coudter o1 i tw ly
pulidies
Cwoed .plahi,
rubbuu, waic
mia?
Tonizatuon Rousi
buak don un
dilctic is kvlm
liqid.
[oil,eiu
piatu Loat
Primary
Seconday
’ Photo ionizalo
-9eos diede
Tonizaton by co'lision
Coubotu
dueltic
kv)mm.
[wpagvtid
popg
riginal tate
ehangin9 pous
is caed ioni3a
Ex:- Halug wate

3. RorimayTonigaini
a) Tonization by ollísion;
Gas
d
b) Pheto ionázalion;
Uv light
Gas
HV
To
-HV
b) sletuon
H+
Suondauuy Tonizaloni
pt+ cathode
HV
Tota amount colision v;
enision
moleute
Torúzalion
h’planks contart
the
poíti
íons
radioton
mole uy
accy wohen
Sconday ionigation
a)electuon sion due to petue ion.
due to phodons
atom
Conditioh
Poiti
forg
inicut
c) 9letuon e eision du to netatable S nucthalatom

4. To
dx"
Apply
do ualloe
c aleclate
undutand
Thiy
nd
gow m
dn
thi
uwhen
OY
he Amal
boy
Toonend wer
s2ondauy
the unb
Ttgot both
indic ConditiDns
An (no)
dn >d dx
ionigation puous
Aleteons
sid
amount o
towands
cln
gowth
doe lons
-O
bwther clútanu
tctid
L Numbu o lcony
’rimay ionigaon loytiend
SamaCohtout

5. Apply the oornt tum on both sid
Mo dity
whee
subytidute
ionigetion
tthe
ticáans
rumbu
G Touenundscn growth n
Touor%nds theuyi Tt s
he may
untimtu towady
thu touwnds pimauy
cndulin qton
ak his
ayind
ionigation made by
thu
utuons p

6. that
detanu
in
bild Londard nd u
dueing
Diide
di
d =
I2
tocuiment cin
Apply log
S"5 x 69
tog()
To.e
xd
at kV
both sidy
In(io)
O-3
cutain
dhy ditasu
wcu yocn d
Aeethvdu Fuping
(aliculati do onAnd pm
cy
-761s tor" m'
Bases dee &aun, bo s
to be sut al d

7. ( )
þenou valy'
piide
600 xo6
e (di-de)
6o xJp6
de
d
lo-4)
los-o-)
bodh sidus
pply log
Anlio) d(o-4)
+oy' Cmi' or le G.7565/tm tor

8. |k Towngnds hoy
quadion [ Sconday ionizalon ]:
Ma
ToLonends itein or Buak dooni
To . d
Wk.T,
Buok douon
Buat doon onditio
downd's
X
Touonhd
condition:
Touongnd's
pitaunu
Put phoin tor 0
° gau©u dieectuies wing
ed
[- ced-))
sonday
primauy ionigotuon wetind
blw t
21lo1|24
Put eunorin adoro
Touonsudy qucdon
lectodes
Too much
uch high)

9. Limidatibrs
lnihorm actie ild
3 let asswtions
qanenally the dilscteie matuial dapuncs oy tonpatwu,
Steeamer
hunídity , sheue o rtusdu
bruakdoon
Appicabe jor
Dwbaka
ppicalali
I{ is
Theey, o cia cteic bwakdown(Avaan he
high voleag matuial
Tuwo yps
or bo th
ncka o doonenda thuauy
mudiplication n
-ve tuame
gajeous
Fing
sttuau
’tve tuam.
stuau
a
unihorm uectuic hidd
tutuse
Cpplicahde
nd
natuu
ionizotin potuntio (Ai)
selid dileteis
di ctic matia nder
oppicolal Hor high ucteie bidd
eSpi Condution
Engy qud by the ton is gucctei han

10. 2- for motuo
4 formation
styes talkun
3
qroup t
awlan he
Cothede
b gou chaugu ie nvalanhu
6- Ertiu ionigalon
awlanehe taeu ace
kakun plau du do high votag
Ogone podu dion (o,)
3 plasma midii
2- Air and uoctu puificoon
’ Buak down voltag
ditane
dil túc Jaes plau
spauchangs
huntion
nnode
pupdu t

11. Auae down
Both
an
(vs)min
Aoapsien
Tonigolion puous'
Teron sund :e sgowth quaton wsng onday
and d
&(e«d
’ (0:d) ?n torc m
jor Pay chens law;
- f ()
in tuuns
Euctuic hild is
dis tanu ie E V
d

12. Swsstd,te
f
f? ()
wsit
Corona
gual than
* Corona Dischagi
P.fa
Husinq nsis
Pd
20kv/em
(p-a))
dhe potuntial dittn blw the tuo to
Ex;- Air (diutue mdin)
(3)
thus held va knouon cy covona.
2slo9l24
Theuhold vale o cwr
O3 tozonu) puoduetion

13. t
h
e
shooh below
sphce
- plane asiangmen
and buak doon vottags
wnsption
ni
g
h apud pining dwiw.
Eeciostotc pecihitotor
(ESP)
si
n
g
Tneaet
h
e condutorspaung
condetovs
The oYona
Paind slaying
hollow ond Tas
Corona
-
intu ranu
(E MI
)‘
* Appl cations
Inuaje
he Londudor
si
daken place
bundld
udue
wnslation
Ue
Jo
How
’ Tuanamision tny
’ educu uieto atie Abes
bl
w (
o
n duhors

14. In
ugion -I
minty
volbagapund
In
and
volbag igion
(v)
only
gon-I
by
buak doon volage difnda
gon-I
buu ak down s
mainty dund
non
vOUs
apacing
poird - plan
dd
uakdoun in non -
the
PrgionI1
Jhe ulo s wnihor m and the beuak doon
chaing
apacing
eld hon
þuuded by
Rugioy
hild us nonuto Tm and
ahe qo
witorm nd he
on both the sphue dicmt
corona nd t
Buak dawn
Cororna
the sphue diam.
uni ormbldi
jnspeon
Jsttn as
cOH trolkd
ins pecto vettag
and sphwu- apheua go, h oyhléd ld
ylisdu

15. y Condu tion and buak douon jn liquid Dile eteeis :
Quinabl_pesbuds o diquid dilebuis:
High duuity ‘
High suistivdy t
High
diel etuie stngth t
Good uat naas chau atutis
chemicaly
$yntuti
meutwy codud.
The ae
table
X psony or iquid dil iues Butdon:
oil minna otl,silipn eil, udoi),
hydoeaubon.
2"
Suspund d pautcu thuey.
bubbl
in the iqid dietes
dibtuun thesu
d- Suspndd patu dhuy.
Cwidoton and bebu muchanim
3 Eto conwetoy bakdoon
4 Etuonic bale doon.
Condution
/ionicSaturation

16. 2.
3
dissociation o fons
vale
6
Jow
fwee
igh td.
1. Mecbanical stungth
Dilectic
thi
wlon miysion Hom
c e n t
}om meutui woteut
S nitic less w ow
High nical
bom geeou usduion
high
hig
selid dulectue
d Itinsic buakdoon
3 Thwma bualk down
d thiumal usitan
9 Eetuomhanical bak doon
the cotho
oY Tonc beakdoon
5: glto hmital buakdown
4 Failue du to tnuing and taking
rallode glsmli'lid.
Bak oon de to the nenal
the
satwnation

17. 2
3
Irtunic b k
doon
A
sotid dllecteiu
whnwe appy
wil be
bueakdown n
Thu
tacun plau
a) Avalanh or
A spcial wonduetu peth talun alace thus
thi
b) Eletonic bua down
b)
Eto nic bualdouon
to
HV
thh sid ilectus
) Conidu
dhu seid dielue s happen.
a) Seid dileteics ae
do
Toric bwakdoon ;
Atuear aeale doon
d
woiion
compusion stngh
2) E tuon- etieons olliion is dalken plae.
Etuo mechanical buakdown
onic or ntinsic bwakdon
b)
Jang dniiy e
suhjetd to high tuie juld.
Tnitia. thikne
wlectuone
s6lid diletuie mateial pis
Final thiek nes
Votag of pud
HV
can scud muchanial
lectons
selid matuial
on mtial
E o
slalic wompsie oee

18. d) ELetuostaie Comþsive
e)
shee
v2
Mechaical ompesiw hoee
2 d2
Absol houniidy oy solid matuial
Rlati
d2
d
do
ohee Y’ Young's moduls
tquate
2d2
Taking 4uae
=
do
subiliut
f) when apj HV, hen mueh anical
Lset nBs
do l"67
d
-
indabildy
-6)

19. 9) The
3
1" whne we
ighest pparnt u stuu baoe buak docon
3 Thuumal Bseuakdoon!
n wectic hidd
Jokus plce
wceunt (small
Coni du
when
hat js
the
t ma
Ema
he
a
the
oppy HV
tumpctue ises in tthe motia the buakdown
do
do
gnuatad by
Y
cto th condutor t wuats
de to the ctie ld condutisn
quatiy)
sotid dletei c pice
dileteis
abbliud hen
thu conducter is nan oud to
susuw nding udiun by the tonduton though

20. wh
CL
hat
Wac
uohee
T
bth
Wec
dT
dt
f
E.6 w)em
6 ’ u the de condutuity
the eas heat
dr
ot
de
Er latiw pumitt'vdy
stus
Eletuie bild
dand’ diltic Jass
w/em'
temp
heat
the
un Hz
+ di v(k gad7)
’ Theemas condutwy
ng.
Shei men
genrate
d
gunatd pciman

21. Theun l bUedown poblunm
subgjicbd
and tand : o001 at o
gnotd in
qinen.
f= S0Hz
sokvJem
4 Bak don
do altunang o scokv)m
the
Moituwu lontat
cle an an d
The
dilect¯c
teing
(sex 3):
th
Meituu supellut guaa
dy
a duletuic wentct
spi man due to didetic
291-66 wem:
due to taung and trackingi
41o24.
wle
borm o banchu o
apaoding % park whannel duing taking

22. s soid mti
Svoid e)
oldog n
tion
bntnous
Novma buaedoon.
solid matwiaU
Ho t
o
r mation
duee to
Jiacking
swyace
the
the
Buak doon
naunly duto
Tiacing
Con