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MODEL
ENHANCED ENTITY RELATIONSHIP
E E R
KONSEP MODEL EER
❖Model EER = Model ER + konsep spesialisasi,
generalisasi dan kategorisasi
❖Digunakan untuk model aplikasi yang lebih
kompleks
3
REVIEW
KONSEP MODEL ER
• Model ER = kumpulan konsep dari entitas, atribut,
relationship serta konstrain lainnya yg
menggambar kan struktur basis data dan transaksi
pada basis data
• Entitas = objek dalam bentuk fisik maupun konsep
yang dapat dibedakan dengan objek lainnya.
Contoh : entitas MAHASISWA, entitas BUKU, entitas
MATAKULIAH
• Atribut = karakteristik atau properti dari suatu
entitas.
Contoh, entitas MAHASISWA mempunyai atribut-atribut
NPM, Nama, Alamat, Kota, Tgl-lhr, Telp.
Diagram ER untuk Entitas MAHASISWA
MAHASISWA
NPM
NAMA
ALAMAT
TGL_LHR
KOTA
TELP
• Relationship = Hubungan yang terjadi antara satu
entitas atau lebih.
Contoh, relationship mengambil yang menggambarkan
mahasiswa yang mengambil matakuliah.
Diagram ER untuk Relationship Mengambil
MAHASISWA MATAKULIAH
MENGAMBIL
M N
Simbol dan jenis Atribut
MAHASISWA
NPM
NAMA
ALAMAT
TGL_LHR
HOBBY
TELP
NAMA1
NAMA1
Atribut
kunci
Atribut
komposit
Atribut bernilai
tunggal
Atribut bernilai
banyak
Contoh :
MAHASISWA MATAKULIAH
UANG_KULIAH DOSEN
AMBIL
BAYAR AMPU
➢Mengapa Perlu Enhanced ER
Model EER digunakan untuk merepresentasikan
aplikasi dengan lebih lengkap dan lebih akurat
➢Konsep-Konsep Model EER
Model
Enhanced/
Extended
ER
Semua
Konsep ER
Konsep Subclass/Superclass,
Specialization/Generalization
, Categories, Attribute
Inheritance
• Misal : Employee dikategorikan menjadi 3
kelompok
Employee
Hourly Employee
Salaried Employee
Consultant
Superclass
Subclass
▪ Subclass merepresentasikan entity yang sama dengan
superclass, namun memiliki peran spesifik tertentu.
▪ Entity dalam subclass merupakan anggota superclass,
namun tidak sebaliknya
➢Superclass/Subclass Relationship
▪ Superclass/Subclass Relationship adalah relationship
antara sebuah superclass dengan salah satu
subclassnya.
▪ Contoh: Employee/Hourly, Employee/Salaried
▪ Disebut juga dengan IS-A relationship
Hourly IS AN Employee
Salaried IS AN Employee
➢ Superclass/Subclass atau Supertype/Subtype
Notasi untuk
menggambarkan
relationship antara
supertype/subtype
Employee
Employee_
number
Employee_
name
Address Date_hired
IS A
Hourly
Employee
Salaried
Employee
Consultant
Employee
Hourly_rate
Annual_
salary
Stock_
option
Contact_
number
Billing_rate
Semua subclass dari
Employee akan memiliki atribut
employee_number,
employee_name, address,
dan date-hired
Setiap subclass dari
Employee juga akan
memiliki atribut ciri dari
masing-masing
subclass
Contoh :
Superclass/subclass relationships pada Hospital
➢Spesialisasi dan Generalisasi
Spesialisasi
▪ Spesialisasi adalah proses mendefinisikan himpunan subclas -
subclass dari sebuah entity type (superclas)
▪ Dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik tertentu yang dapat
membedakan entity pada superclass
▪ Suatu superclass dapat memiliki beberapa spesialisasi
berdasarkan karakteristik yang berbeda
▪ Proses mendefiniskan saru atau lebih subclass dari
superclass dan pembentukan adalah TOP-DOWN
▪ Contoh:
SECRETARY, ENGINEERS, TECHNICIAN adalah
spesialisasi dari EMPLOYEE berdasarkan attribute
job_type
SALARIED, HOURLY, CONSULTANT adalah spesialisasi
dari EMPLOYEE berdasarkan metode pembayarannya.
Contoh : Spesialisasi
e1
e2
e3
e4
e5
e6
e7
e8
e9
.
.
.
e3
e4
e6
e2
.
.
.
e1
e8
.
.
.
e7
e9
.
.
.
TEHNICIAN
SECRETARY
ENGINEER
e1
e2
e3
e4
e5
e6
e7
e8
e9
.
.
.
e5
e4
e1
e8
.
.
.
e2
e6
.
.
.
e3
e9
e7
.
.
.
HOURLY
CONSULTANT
SALARIED
Buatlah : notasi Spesialisasi dari EMPLOYEE dalam EER
Employee
Employee_
number
Employee_
name
Address Date_hired
Hourly
Employee
Salaried
Employee
Consultant
Employee
Hourly_rate
Annual_
salary
Stock_
option
Contact_
number
Billing_rate
TEHNICIAN SECRETARY ENGINEER
T_grade typingSpeed Eng_type
job_type
metode pembayarannya.
Model EER ????
Generalisasi
▪Kebalikan dari proses spesialisasi
▪Dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi atribut-atribut yang sama
dan melakukan generalisasi ke sebuah superclass
▪ Proses mendefinisikan beberapa type entity dan
pembentukannya secara BOTTOM-UP
▪Contoh:
TRUCK & CAR dapat digeneralisasi menjadi VEHICLE
Atribut umum yang
dimiliki oleh semua
Semua vehicles
(kendaraan)
➢ Generalisasi superclass VEHICLE
Letakkan semua atribut
sama yang dimiliki oleh
kendaraan pada
Superclass
Bottom Up
Contoh : Spesialisasi
Untuk Part yang dibeli pada supplier
Untuk Part yang
diproduksi sendiri
Spesialisasi untuk Part yang diproduksi sendiri (MANUFACTURED
PART) dan yang dibeli pada Supplier ( PURCHASED PART )
➢Constraints untuk Spesialisasi dan Generalisasi
d
Simbol d (disjoint) menyatakan bahwa
sebuah entity hanya bisa menjadi
anggota dari satu subclass.
o
Simbol o (overlap) menyatakan bahwa
sebuah entity dapat menjadi anggota
lebih dari satu subclass.
Total : setiap entity pada superclass
menjadi anggota subclass.
Dinyatakan dengan garis doble.
Parsial : ada entity pada superclass
yang bukan merupakan anggota
subclass manapun. Dinyatakan dengan
garis tunggal.
➢Constraints pada Superclass
• Completeness Constraints : Setiap instans pada superclass harus
ada pada salah satu subclass. Total Specialization (double line),
Partial Specialization (single line)
Setiap pasien harus menjadi
pasien rawat jalan atau rawat
inap
Spesialisasi Total
Spesialisasi Partial
Kendaraan dapat
menjadi CAR atau TRUK
atau yang lain
Contoh : disjointness constraints → Disjoint
Pasien menjadi salah satu pasien
rawat jalan atau rawat inap tidak
boleh keduanya
Contoh : disjointness constraints → Overlap
Part dapat dibeli
dan diproduksi
sendiri
30 © Prentice Hall, 2002
➢Constraints pada Superclass/subclass Discriminators
• Subtype Discriminator: Atribut pada superclass yang nilainya
untuk membedakan dari subclass-nya
Disjoint : atribut simple yang nilai menjadi indikasi pada salah
satu subclass
Overlapping : Atribut composite yang nilainya
mengindikasikan pada salah satu atau lebih
subclass.
Subclass discriminator (disjoint rule)
Atribut simple yang
nilainya membedakan
nilai pada subclass
Subtype discriminator (overlap rule)
Atribut composite
attribute yang
mengindikasikan
indicating “yes” or “no”
pada subclass
➢Hierarchy dan Lattice
❖ Satu subclass hanya berpartisipasi pada satu
class/subclass relationship (satu subclass hanya
memiliki satu super class saja)
❖Contoh: VEHICLE dengan TRUCK dan CAR
❖ Satu subclass dapat berpastisipasi pada lebih dari
satu class/subclass relationship
❖ Contoh: seorang Engineering Manager, haruslah
seorang Engineer dan juga seorang Manajer
❖ Mengandung konsep multiple inheritance
Contoh Superclass/subclass hierarchy
Contoh Superclass/subclass Latice
Kategorisasi (Categories)
Union Type dengan Menggunakan Category
➢Contoh Spesialisasi/Generalisasi dengan UML
Alternative Diagrammatic Notations
Displaying attributes
Displaying
cardinality ratios
Various (min,
max) notations
Notations for displaying
specialization / generalization
Symbols for entity type / class,
attribute and relationship

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