This document discusses the frequency of modal verbs across different registers or text types based on two corpora. It provides data on the frequency per million words of various modal verbs like may, can, must, have to, etc. in conversation versus academic texts. There are also breakdowns of permission/possibility/ability modal verbs and obligation/necessity modal verbs across registers.

1. Frequency of Modal Verbs (LGSWE Corpus: Biber, Conrad & Leech, 2002) Frequency per million words

2. Frequency of Modal Verbs Across Register (LGSWE Corpus: Biber, Conrad & Leech, 2002) Frequency per million words

3. Frequency of Permission, Possibility and Ability Modal Verbs Across Register (LGSWE Corpus: Biber, Conrad & Leech, 2002) Frequency per million words Conversation Academic

4. Frequency of Obligation and Necessity Modal Verbs Across Register(LGSWE Corpus: Biber, Conrad & Leech, 2002) Frequency per million words Conversation Academic

5. Frequency of Propriety Modal Verbs Across Register(Corpus of Contemporary American English Davies, 2006) Frequency per million words

6. Had Better | Better

7. Should

8. Ought to

9. May

10. Can

11. Could

12. Must

13. Have to

14. Gotta