1. Mary Ruth Locastro
Dr. Damron
MKT 3510
Lit Review

2. 1. Facebook Involvement, Objectified Body Consciousness, Body Shame, and Sexual
Assertiveness in College Women and Men.
Manago, A. M., Ward, L. M., Lemm, K. M., Reed, L., & Seabrook, R. (2014). Facebook
Involvement, Objectified Body Consciousness, Body Shame, and Sexual Assertiveness in
College Women and Men [Abstract]. Sex Roles, 72(1-2), 1-14.
2. The purpose of this article is to show what kind of influence facebook has on young men
and women in the U.S. involving objectified body consciousness. This article also focuses on
research concerning sexual health. One issue that is discussed in this article is “whether
objectified body consciousness and body shame arising from social media use predicts
lower levels of sexual assertiveness, which includes comfort with, and confidence to
communicate clearly about, sexual desires.”
3. The basic argument of this article is determining how much influence social media;
facebook in particular, has on college men and women and their objectified body
consciousness. The authors assume the use of social media affects both men and women’s
vulnerability to internalizing an objectified body consciousness; however, they also
considered “the differences in agency and power that are associated with female versus
male bodies in the U.S., and the way that heterosexual cultural scripts in U.S. society ascribe
active sexual roles to men and passive, gate keeping sexual roles to women.” The authors
concluded from these reasons that women would suffer more than men from objectified

3. body consciousness due to social media use. The authors used a study to compare men and
women in a test of a model of Facebook involvement, objectified body consciousness, body
shame, and sexual assertiveness. They evaluated the amount of time spent on Facebook,
how important the website is to one’s social life, and how active one is to post content or
observe others. In order to evaluate objectified body consciousness, they used body
surveillance, appearance self-worth, and enjoyment of sexualization. There were 467
women and 348 men used in this study.
4. Results showed that women had more Facebook involvement than men in all four
measures and there was a vast difference in Facebook active use. Concerning objectified
body consciousness, “women reported significantly higher levels of body surveillance and
appearance self-worth, but women and men did not differ in enjoyment of sexualization.”
However, women did have higher levels of body shame and men scored a little bit higher
on sexual assertiveness. The evidence is very supportive of these findings because the
authors were able to assess each category for both men and women.
5. This article failed to address what kind of comments or pictures men and women posted
on Facebook to make them feel insecure about themselves. I would have like to know from
the men and women who participated in this study, what kind of culture they came from
since that can differentiate how a person thinks they should look on the outside.

4. 6. I am an active user on Facebook, however, as a women, I do not feel any body shame or
uncomfortable sharing pictures of myself on this website. I understand why men and
women may feel self conscious about themselves because of how social media portrays
what men and women should look like today, but people should be confident in who they
are and love themselves. This article showed me how big of an impact social media is to
today’s college students. College students are constantly on social media and will use
Facebook for meeting new people, keeping in touch with friends/family, or their social life.
No matter how the college student uses Facebook, they can be easily influenced in a good
or bad way.
7. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11199-014-0441-1