The U.S. Government was one of the earliest adopters of the P-Card. The program has grown exponentially since with approximately $17 billion in purchases in 2005 and an cost-savings of $1.2 billion annually.
However, implementation of a streamlined procurement process was not without it's missteps. This paper will discuss how to optimize the benefits of a streamlined purchasing process while minimizing risk / exposure, using the U.S. Government as a case study.
Critical Mission Support Achieved Through Custom Procurement SolutionsJean Gleason
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsMulti Service
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsDoretta
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Developing a Preventative and Sustainable P-card ProgramCaseWare IDEA
Andrew Simpson from CaseWare Analytics talks about how educational institutions can implement a continuous monitoring program for their p-cards (purchase card) and the benefits.
SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/CaseWare_Analytics
WEBSITE: www.casewareanalytics.com
BLOG: www.casewareanalytics.com/blog
TWITTER: www.twitter.com/CW_Analytic
Super data-charging your corruption reviews with integrated analyticsJim Kaplan CIA CFE
Super-Data-Charging Your Corruption Reviews With Integrated Analytics - It comes as no surprise that the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners fraud surveys over the past 10 years identify corruption as the most frequently occurring fraud scheme. Corruption has come under great focus in the last decade with enhanced enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act but has been a concept dating back to the start of business. What has changed are the tools and more precisely, analytics, which can be used to detect bribery and other corruption schemes.
Specific learning objectives include:
o Explore the top internal and external data sources to interrogate for corruption schemes.
o Be able to identify the key red flags leading to corrupt behavior and how they present themselves in data.
o Learn to bolster any compliance program with data-driven prediction and decision making analytics.
o Complete a who, what, when, and where set of analytics to hone in on the specific corruption and bribery within your business processes.
o Understand the benefits of integrating and managing a continuous review of data sets to identify corrupt behavior.
Critical Mission Support Achieved Through Custom Procurement SolutionsJean Gleason
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsMulti Service
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsDoretta
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Developing a Preventative and Sustainable P-card ProgramCaseWare IDEA
Andrew Simpson from CaseWare Analytics talks about how educational institutions can implement a continuous monitoring program for their p-cards (purchase card) and the benefits.
SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/CaseWare_Analytics
WEBSITE: www.casewareanalytics.com
BLOG: www.casewareanalytics.com/blog
TWITTER: www.twitter.com/CW_Analytic
Super data-charging your corruption reviews with integrated analyticsJim Kaplan CIA CFE
Super-Data-Charging Your Corruption Reviews With Integrated Analytics - It comes as no surprise that the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners fraud surveys over the past 10 years identify corruption as the most frequently occurring fraud scheme. Corruption has come under great focus in the last decade with enhanced enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act but has been a concept dating back to the start of business. What has changed are the tools and more precisely, analytics, which can be used to detect bribery and other corruption schemes.
Specific learning objectives include:
o Explore the top internal and external data sources to interrogate for corruption schemes.
o Be able to identify the key red flags leading to corrupt behavior and how they present themselves in data.
o Learn to bolster any compliance program with data-driven prediction and decision making analytics.
o Complete a who, what, when, and where set of analytics to hone in on the specific corruption and bribery within your business processes.
o Understand the benefits of integrating and managing a continuous review of data sets to identify corrupt behavior.
Данная презентация содержит информацию о такой профессии, как психолог, и раскрывает ее основные направления. Кроме того, из этой презентации можно узнать о специфике этой профессии, возможных местах работы, необходимом образовании и личных качествах, которыми должен обладать будущий психолог.
What is Aquila Software Architecture for Cognitive Robotics?Martin Peniak
Aquila 2.0, an open-source cross-platform software architecture for cognitive robotics that makes use of independent heterogeneous CPU-GPU modules with loosely coupled dynamically generated graphical user interfaces.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement Solutionsjwchitwood
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsElizabeth Benditt
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsTed Green
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement Solutionsdarissa1
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical mission support achieved through custom procurement solutionsColinWills
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsJim Knickerbocker
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Данная презентация содержит информацию о такой профессии, как психолог, и раскрывает ее основные направления. Кроме того, из этой презентации можно узнать о специфике этой профессии, возможных местах работы, необходимом образовании и личных качествах, которыми должен обладать будущий психолог.
What is Aquila Software Architecture for Cognitive Robotics?Martin Peniak
Aquila 2.0, an open-source cross-platform software architecture for cognitive robotics that makes use of independent heterogeneous CPU-GPU modules with loosely coupled dynamically generated graphical user interfaces.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement Solutionsjwchitwood
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsElizabeth Benditt
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsTed Green
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement Solutionsdarissa1
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical mission support achieved through custom procurement solutionsColinWills
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Critical Mission Support Achieved through Custom Procurement SolutionsJim Knickerbocker
Federal government procurement policies are complex, stringent and increasingly require more transparency. Because government services are funded by taxpayer dollars, due diligence is a necessary component to ensure optimal and appropriate use of available funding. In recent years, the Department of Defense (DoD) has made significant progress in adopting custom purchase and payment programs to help streamline complex procurement of commercial products and services. This paper will address the rationale and advantages behind custom purchase and payment program adoption and the options that should be considered to achieve further cost saving enhancements. It will address closed-loop, private procurement and payment solutions and why they are advantageous over traditional off-the-shelf solutions in specific industries in the domestic and overseas marketplace.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice VerificationFred Kaffenberger
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice Verificationsjlsitler
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice VerificationsKit Acree
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice VerificationsJim Knickerbocker
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings Through Invoice VerificationMichele Urness
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice Verificationsbmweber
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice VerificationsTed Green
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Closed-loop Card Programs as an Complement to Open-LoopMulti Service
For an organization looking to provide its commercial customers with a payments vehicle, an open loop payment program is typically the default solution. However, there are five types of program requirements that may lead a program sponsor to a closed-loop alternative.
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is in the process of implementing a revised safety inspection program designed to improve road safety by identifying high-risk carriers and drivers.This paper will review the key points of the Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 (CSA 2010) and offer some suggestions on how you can prepare for continued success in a changing industry.
A survey of professional truck drivers determines the key factors driving loyalty to carriers. Drivers were asked to rate the importance of specific employee benefits in their decision to stay with or leave a trucking company. This paper outlines the results of the survey and provides suggestions on how to sustain a culture of driver appreciation throughout fleet operations.
Administrative Cost Savings through Invoice VerificationsMulti Service
By incorporating strategic invoice verifications into the accounting process, an organization can significantly reduce the cost to process transactions and eliminate man-hours dedicated to invoice dispute and resolution. This paper discusses various types of automated invoice verification process, their purpose and the advantages stemming from a strategically implemented electronic payment program.
Symptoms of a Billing and Payment ProblemMulti Service
Today’s national fleets are juggling a multitude of financial challenges. With average fleet operating margins of 2-4% in the United States, these financial variables ladder up to overwhelming business concerns for over-the-road trucking companies. A survey by the Kinetic Group of 300 fleets participating in aftermarket parts programs identifies the role billings and payments can play in managing these financial challenges for fleets.
Understanding the Value of a Payments ProblemMulti Service
Today’s national fleets are juggling a multitude of financial challenges. With average fleet operating margins of 2-4% in the United States, these financial variables ladder up to overwhelming business concerns for over-the-road trucking companies. A survey by the Kinetic Group of 300 fleets participating in aftermarket parts programs identifies the role billings and payments can play in managing these financial challenges for fleets.
The Federal Motor Carrier Administration (FMCSA) is preparing to launch the Comprehensive Safety Administration 2010 (CSA 2010), a new safety inspection program designed to improve road safety by increasing FMCSA efficiency in collecting and utilizing inspection data to identify high-risk carriers and drivers. This white paper will provide an overview of the key factors motor carriers need to know and suggestions on how to achieve the ideal Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) ratings to avoid FMCSA interventions and fines.
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Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
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Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
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1. Mitigating Fraud, Waste and Misuse within the Procurement Function A Case Study of P-Card Adoption within the U.S. Government
2.
3. The U.S. Government as a Case Study The U.S. Government was one of the earliest adopters of the P-Card. The program has grown exponentially since with approximately $17 billion in purchases in 2005 and an cost-savings of $1.2 billion annually. Executive order encourages “more efficient” small purchase procurement options Department of Commerce conducts pilot program General Services Administration assigned to management of PTF card programs National Performance review dubs P-card a “promising initiative Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act Federal Acquisition Reform Act Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government
4. Card Issuing and User Training In 2001 and 2002 the GAO identifies a significant portion of issued cards for which there was no transaction history (the cards had never been used) or there was no documentation justifying that the cardholder should need a purchasing card. As the result of these audits, several military agencies cut back their cardholders and implemented strict card issuance policies. Over a six-year period, total federal cardholders dropped from 586,000 to 357,000. 5 Limiting Risk
5. Card Issuing and User Training A study conducted in 2008 reviewed the stagnation of P-card use in the federal government as the result of new card issuance policies. Estimated cost savings that could have been achieved through additional cardholders and transactions during this six-year timeframe were estimated to be $5.4 billion. Rebate revenue left unearned over this time period was estimated at $26 million. 5 Optimizing Value
6. Card Issuing and User Training Ensuring that only the most appropriate employees are issued card / account responsibility limits financial exposure. However, new payment methods such as e-cards, virtual cards, and one-time use cards ensure that “casual” users have access to streamlined payment tools while agencies reap the benefit of administrative cost savings – without overexposure to risk. Formal training on appropriate use of the account and purchasing procedures should be conducted and documented for each cardholder . Finding the Balance
7. Purchase Controls / Purchase Authorization A 2002 audit of one federal department noted that 10 out of 14 offices studied disregarded the department’s purchasing policy requiring that all purchases of items over $1,000 be requested and approved in writing by an executive officer prior to purchase. 6 That same year, two employees within another department made repeated micro-purchases, adding up to over $121,000 in computer equipment. The total purchase clearly exceeding the cardholders’ established purchase limits and was deemed a misuse of the purchasing cards. 6 A 2008 audit of government wide purchasing card programs estimated that nearly 41% of the transactions sampled from 2005-2006 failed to show that the transaction was properly authorized and that an individual other than the cardholder signed for the item once the product was delivered. 9 With Convenience Comes Risk.
8. Purchase Controls / Purchase Authorization MCC Blocking in an Open-loop card program limits the type of companies a cardholder can purchase from based upon the company’s merchant category codes. Closed-loop card networks hand pick a select group of merchants with which a cardholder may conduct business (i.e. fuel stations, retail locations of a preferred supplier, parts and service shops). One government agency has implemented an order-to-payment e-procurement platform. Users are classified hierarchically and guided through the procurement process to ensure compliance with procurement policies. Zero instances of fraud have been identified on this system since launch. 7 Automating Controls.
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11. Monitoring Tools and Alerts Agencies are also able to develop exception alerts and reports, which call attention to purchases that may or may not have been made for approved government use (i.e. home furnishings, toys, cosmetics), been purchased from designated government sources, or obtained at excessive cost. Alerts may be prompted when indicators of split procurements such as sequential invoice numbers, receipts issued within specific time periods of one another, and sequential PO numbers for similar items purchased are present. Mitigating Risk.
12. Review and Approval A 2002 GAO audit reviewing 5 months of cardholder statements at one government department identified that 1 out of 3 statements had not been approved by the appropriate official. The unapproved statements totaled $1.8 million. Even after a new approval process was implemented, the GAO noted that officials were not ensuring that each statement was supported by adequate documentation. 6 Another agency had instituted a broad policy allowing the AO to presume that any transactions made were appropriate / authorized unless the AO was notified to the contrary by the cardholder. 6 Similarly, a 2010 audit of an additional agency noted that more than 75% of obligations allowed one official to act in two or more functions throughout the procurement function: request, authorization of purchase, recording the obligation of funds, verifying arrival of goods, and approving payment. 9 Catching the Excess.
13. Review and Approval In most of the above cases, it was found that AOs were overburdened by an excessive number of cardholder statements, leading to oversights within or a complete abandonment of appropriate approval policies. The GAO recommends a ratio of 5-7 cardholders to one approving official within a high-frequency transaction program. 6 For low-frequency, high-value transaction programs, a transaction-by-transaction approval process may be the best measure against inappropriate use of funds. One procurement agency implemented a fully-prompted e-procurement platform which prompts the approving official via email to review and approve transaction details prior to invoice submission to payables. This same system compiles supporting documentation for each transaction within the system, recording the competitive bidding process, sole-source justifications, purchase logs, object-class codes, invoices, MSDSs, etc. in an auditable trail for the AO’s review. Opportunity for Refinement.
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15. Visually, you can think of each step in the process as a filter, siphoning out inappropriate spending.
16. Resources 1 Palmer, Richard and Mehendra Gupta. 2010 Purchasing Card Benchmark Survey Results. MG Research Corporation. Rpmgresearch.net. 2 2010 AFP Payment Fraud and Control Survey. Report of Survey Results. 3 United States Department of Defense. Office of Inspector General. “ Fraud Indicators in Procurement and Other Defense Activities: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Defined.” http://www.dodig.mil/inspections/apo/fraud/fraud_defined.html . 4 AGA Corporate Partner Advisory Research Group. The Federal Purchase Card: Use, Policy and Best Practice. AGA CPAG Research Series: Report No. 4. April 2006. 5 Palmer, Richard J., Mehendra Gupta and Rodney Dawson. U.S. Government Use of Commercial Card Technology: A Case for Change in Military Card Distribution Policy. Defense AR Journal. Volume 17, Number 3, Issue 55, July 2010. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA523651&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf 6 Calbom, Linda M. United States GAO. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Government Purchase Cards: Control Weaknesses Expose Agencies to Fraud and Abuse. May 1, 2002. 7 A Better Procurement Process. Multi Service Corporation. March 2010. http://www.multiservice.com/knowledge-center/thought-leadership/request-article.html?downloadArticleID=367 8 Multi Service Corporation (2010). Retrieved April, 2010.(Rack11D) Multi Service database. 9 Ragland, Susan. US GAO. Testimony Before the Committee on Veteran Affairs, House of Representatives, Department of Veteran Affairs: Longstanding Weaknesses in Miscellaneous Obligations and Financial Reporting Controls. July 2010. 10. Inspection and Evaluation Committee. A Practical Guide for Reviewing Government Purchase Card Programs. June 2002.
Editor's Notes
Multi Service is a global transaction management company, specializing in commercial billing and payment solutions. Specifically, Multi Service designs, implements and manages closed-loop net pay programs. The company was founded with a fuel card program in the trucking industry and, over the years, has expanded to service aviation, maritime and retail industries. Our entrepreneurial approach to business is two-fold: aggressively driving the company to new ideas and business opportunities while encouraging passionate involvement with our clients and within each industry vertical. Our mission is to understand our customers’ needs better than anyone else, so that we can function as problem solvers to deliver solutions and results.
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support
Overland Park, Kansas Program Management, Systems, Underwriting, & Support Mexico City Office leveraged for future growth into the Latin American markets Melbourne Systems Rijswijk European Program Management, Systems, Underwriting & Support