This document provides safety awareness information about mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). It defines what mines and ERW are, shows examples of common types, and explains how to recognize hazardous areas and munitions. The key actions to take if encountering anything suspicious are outlined as do not touch, warn others, mark the area, record details, and report it immediately. Questions are asked at the end to check understanding.
Elements of a GHS Label; Look at how a GHS hazard classification determines GHS label content; Resources such as CANLabel; WHMIS label requirements; OSHA label requirements
This presentation was delivered as a webinar on January 31, 2012, by Lorraine Davison, Manager of Chemical Services at the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.
To listen to the recording of the webinar, for free, register at: https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/358197609
Know what Musculo-skeletal Disorders (MSD’s) are
Know the Risk Factors associated with MSD’s
Know about Body Mechanics
Know how to prevent of Injuries.
Elements of a GHS Label; Look at how a GHS hazard classification determines GHS label content; Resources such as CANLabel; WHMIS label requirements; OSHA label requirements
This presentation was delivered as a webinar on January 31, 2012, by Lorraine Davison, Manager of Chemical Services at the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.
To listen to the recording of the webinar, for free, register at: https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/358197609
Know what Musculo-skeletal Disorders (MSD’s) are
Know the Risk Factors associated with MSD’s
Know about Body Mechanics
Know how to prevent of Injuries.
HI 79a - MRE in the East of Ethiopia : evaluation of effects (English)Bernard hardy
MRE in the East of Ethiopia : evaluation of effects
Pays: Éthiopie
Date: 2001
Public: Spécialisé
Type: Ouvrage, Rapport
Lyon : Handicap International, 2001.- 38 p.
Cette expérience en Ethiopie a pour objet d'étudier l'impact d'un Programme d'Education à la Prévention des Accidents par Mines (PEPAM) sur une population composée de réfugiés. La première partie du document décrit les actions et initiatives entreprises dans le cadre du projet. La seconde étudie les effets du programme, c'est-à-dire sa capacité à donner aux personnes réfugiées un niveau de connaissance suffisant sur les mesures de prévention des accidents par mines.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
HI 79a - MRE in the East of Ethiopia : evaluation of effects (English)Bernard hardy
MRE in the East of Ethiopia : evaluation of effects
Pays: Éthiopie
Date: 2001
Public: Spécialisé
Type: Ouvrage, Rapport
Lyon : Handicap International, 2001.- 38 p.
Cette expérience en Ethiopie a pour objet d'étudier l'impact d'un Programme d'Education à la Prévention des Accidents par Mines (PEPAM) sur une population composée de réfugiés. La première partie du document décrit les actions et initiatives entreprises dans le cadre du projet. La seconde étudie les effets du programme, c'est-à-dire sa capacité à donner aux personnes réfugiées un niveau de connaissance suffisant sur les mesures de prévention des accidents par mines.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
2. AGENDA
• Pipeline Route and Conflict History
• Definition of Mines and ERW
• Recognition of Mines and ERW
• Recognizing potential hazardous areas
• Associated hazards to each munition type
• What to do if you see something suspicious
4. Definition of a Mine (IMAS)
• A munition designed to be placed under, on or
near the ground or other surface area and be
exploded by the presence, proximity or
contact of a person or vehicle.
5. Mines are ‘victim operated’ and cannot
differentiate between friend or foe.
18. Definition of ERW (IMAS)
• Abandoned Explosive Ordnance (AXO): Explosive
Ordnance that has not been used during an armed
conflict , that has been left behind or dumped. AXO
may or may not have been primed, fuzed, armed or
otherwise prepared for use.
• Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): Explosive ordnance that
has been primed, fuzed, armed or otherwise prepared
for use. It may have been fired, dropped, launched or
projected yet remains unexploded either through
malfunction or design.
• Explosive Remnants of War: AXO and UXO grouped
together.
30. Suspicious?
Do Not Touch! – retrace your steps to a known safe area
Warn – the people around you
Mark – 5 -10m away from the item on safe ground
Record – GPS, Photograph, Landmarks, Station Number
31. Suspicious?
Do Not Touch! – retrace your steps to a known safe area
Warn – the people around you
Mark – 5 -10m away from the item on safe ground
Record – GPS, Photograph, Landmarks, Station Number
Report – to your supervisor immediately
33. ERW Recognition تةقةمةنيةكان ناسينةوةي
Grenade نجوكرنا
Mortar هاوةنطولة
Projectileتوثطولة
Rocketروكيتةكان
Sub Munitions
تةقةمنيةكان
If You See Anything Suspicious
بينياكيشترنجرسة شتيكيرهةئةطةر
Do not Touchليمةدة دةستي
Warn يئاطادار
Markنيشانة
Record مارَتو
Reportبكة اثورتير
35. SUMMARY
• The block has confirmed minefields and former
battle areas.
• Remain vigilant at all times.
• Two types of hazard: Mines and ERW
• Both can be equally as dangerous.
• If you see anything suspicious (ERW or not),
follow the basic rules.
• Carry the Aid memoire at all times and include
this in tool box talks.
Editor's Notes
Intro: Name
Briefly go through the subject matter headings. State the time frame including questions at the end.
Turkey – Iraq border area around the border crossing town of Zakho.
Describe pipeline route.
Multiple military factions have fought over this area particularly the high ground in the North East corner of the block which is shown in red. The red circles indicate known minefields around former military positions. Two of these are very close to the existing pipeline.
Read verbatim
TS-50 and VS-50 very similar in shape and weight. The VS-50 has a higher metal content however the TS has very little. The mine is airtight and is operated by pneumatic pressure releasing a small spring loaded striker.
Tripwire initiated stake mine sends fragmentation 360 degrees for multiple casualties. Trip wires can be taught or slack.
When initiated the mine bounds upwards to 1m and then a secondary explosion sends fragmentation 360 degrees for multiple casualties. Lethal up to 25m.
Although many tripwires have now eroded and perished, the mine can be initiated by kicking the 5 pronged crown , Although laid proud to the surface it is extremely difficult to spot even in light vegetation.
The IMAS standard for Minefield marking signs is a red triangle pointing down and normally a skull and crossed bones painted in white as well as the words ‘mines’ and ‘danger’ in the native language.
Normal standard of marking in Kurdistan.
Red and white paint long since eroded however the distinctive triangle pointing down shows that this is a minefield marker.
At turning points of the minefield polygon there will be two signs set at the angle of the boundary. One sign will be a normal mine marking sign and the other will say the Turning Point number.
Back of the MF sign has the reinforcement bar welded to the sign. This points to the inside of the minefield.
Parts of the pipeline come very close to a minefield boundary.
Parts of the pipeline come very close to a minefield boundary.
Parts of the pipeline come very close to a minefield boundary.
Stones piled on top of each other – international warning sign. In this case a Peshmerga patrol route.
Stone pile to make a cone – shepherds practice to stop sheep kicking V-69s.
Concertina wire – used on the ‘friendly’ sides of minefields by the Iraqi Army
Benchmarks – Within 100m of a minefield polygon, more like 10-20m
These are the IMAS definitions.
In short the main difference is that AXO may or may not have been armed whereas UXO has.
UXO is certainly the more dangerous as it has malfunctioned but could do at any time.
AXO and UXO is more usually grouped together and known as Explosive Remnants of War (ERW)
All employees should try to recognize and learn the main groups: Grenades, Mortars, Projectiles, Rockets and Sub Munitions as this will help the EOD team in planning a clearance task
Ring pull
Fly off lever
Main charge in factory pressed metal casing
Uncommon in Kurdistan
Many shapes and sizes – 60mm, 82mm 120mm
Sometimes not fused (AXO)
Scored casing to cause fragmentation
Spiggot often found – should be reported as this could indicate an impact area
Very common in Kurdistan
Bullet shaped but much larger in size. Fired from tanks and artillery pieces.
Driving band un scored on the right picture and scored on the left
Often un-fused in Kurdistan but could be used as bulk explosive for IEDs (ISIS)
Black – Warhead. 2 x fuses: Point initiating and base detonating. The point initiating fuse is pizo electric and therefore very unstable.
Brown – Rocket motor. Firing pin, venturi, often found separately to the other parts
Silver – Tail piece. Inert but other parts may be present in the vicinity
Packaging – Unlikely to be found so long after the conflict
The rocket motor section is often found in Kurdistan
Also known as cluster bombs
Some are designed not to function on impact however have a delayed always acting fuse making it also an area denial weapon
10-15% failure rate on most sub munitions
Where there is one there most likely to be others
All ordnance is designed to injure or kill so by the pure nature of this, they should be treated as hazardous
Mines and some sub munitions are victim operated
In the case of UXO, the ordnance has not functioned however the initiation mechanism could be partially complete meaning that movement or even a change in temperature (pizo electric fuses) could cause initiation
Therefore all mines and ERW should be treated as dangerous
If you see anything suspicious (whether you can confirm it is ERW or not), follow the basic rules
Do not touch or cast a shadow over the item but take a photo if possible.
Warn other workers and civilians around you that there is a suspicious item and that there may be others. Initiate a cordon around the area at a distance of at least 50m or ‘line of sight’.
Place a marker 5-10m away in known safe ground. This can be a Hi Viz vest, stones piled up on top of each other, hazard tape, red painted stones, strips of material hanging from trees or bushes or anything else which you can think of which is abnormal and the EOD clearance team can recognize easily
If safe to do so, place a well known item such as a telephone, GPS, ruler or pen and take a photo if possible. This will also assist the EOD team in planning the clearance
Mark 5-10m away using items readily available
Also take a photograph if possible in the direction of travel to the location and try to include a landmark (lone tree, bend in road etc)
Record with camera and/or GPS (smart phone?) or sketch map. Think of a safe route to the item for the EOD team
Report the incident as soon as possible. The report should include:
Location: GPS, station/TP number, nearest town or village
Type of ordnance or description
Marking used
Exclusion area (cordon distance)
Safe approach route to the item: North, East etc
Contact name, radio call sign or telephone number
