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CleavageExcellent
MetallicLusterNon-MetallicLuster
Softer Than
Fingernail
HarderThanFingernail
1
2
GoodStreak
Cleavage
Not Obvious
? ?
? ?
No
Cleavage
flat,shinycleavagefaces
reflectlightwell
GRAPHITE
GALENA
CHALCO-
PYRITE
LIMONITE
SPHALERITE
FLUORITE
HALITE
CALCITE
DOLOMITE
TALC
GYPSUM
MUSCOVITE
BIOTITE
CHLORITE
LIMONITE
BAUXITE
GYPSUM
APATITE
1-2
2.5
3.5-
4
5
Cleavages
6
4
3
3
1
Hardness
2
Dark gray to
black streak
Greenish black
streak
Yellow-brown
streak
Black, greasy feel, smudges easily,
writes on paper
Shiny silver-gray; cubic cleavage;
very heavy;
Brassy yellow; may be tarnished
to bronze or irridescent
Yellow to dark brown; sometimes
earthy, soft and crumbly
Dark yellow-brown to black;
resinous luster; flat shiny faces
streak smells like
rotten eggs; often
masses of small xystals
Bluish to purple common; clear to
transparent also found
look for triangular
faces of octahedral
cleavage
1
Clear to transluscent; perfect
cubic cleavage, salty taste
Clear to white; readily reacts with
HCl acid
White other pale colors; HCl
reaction slow; or only powdered
Greenish-white; pearly to greasy;
often small crystal masses
has perfect basal
cleavage, but often
hard to see
White, also pink; three distinct
varieties; all cleavages rarely seen
Alabaster=massive
Satin spar=fibrous
Selenite=transparent
basal cleavage
Colorless; clear; thin flexible
sheets; can be peeled
Black, very shiny, flat, opaque
sheets; can be peeled
Dark green; flat, flexible sheets;
but often in masses of tiny crystals
the perfect basal
cleavage which is
always visible is the
distinguishing feature
for these minerals
practically, cleavage is
rarey seen in lab
specimens; use color
White usually, but also pink; three
distinct varieties
Alabaster=massive
Satin spar=fibrous
Selenite=transparent
basal cleavage
Reddish-brown to Green ,
prismatic crystals; poor basal cleav.
Yellow to dark brown; sometimes
earthy
Reddish, whiteish; ~ 1/4 inch
spherical structures in earthy matrix
cleavage is very hard
to see in some
minerals because it is
poorly developed or
the crytals are small;
these minerals have no
cleavage at all.
dodecahedral;
12 sides
octahedral;
8 sides
cubic
6 sides;
right angles
rhombohedral
6 sides; not right angles
basal
SPHALERITE
Dark yellow-brown to black;
resinous luster
streak smells like
rotten eggs; often
masses of small xystals
CHLORITE
Dark green; flexible sheets; but
often in masses of tiny crystals
practically, cleavage is
rarey seen in lab
specimens; use color
KAOLINITE
White; soapy feel; dull, earthy. A
type of clay
Hardness
HEMATITE5.5
Red to purple to black; dull earthy
appearance;
Red to red-
brown streak
does form crystals, but
we mostly see the
finely dissemiated kind
metallic luster may be
very shiny like polished
metal, or dull, like
tarnished metal, or even
powdery like rust
Minerals Softer Than Glass
3

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Minerals.PDF

  • 1. CleavageExcellent MetallicLusterNon-MetallicLuster Softer Than Fingernail HarderThanFingernail 1 2 GoodStreak Cleavage Not Obvious ? ? ? ? No Cleavage flat,shinycleavagefaces reflectlightwell GRAPHITE GALENA CHALCO- PYRITE LIMONITE SPHALERITE FLUORITE HALITE CALCITE DOLOMITE TALC GYPSUM MUSCOVITE BIOTITE CHLORITE LIMONITE BAUXITE GYPSUM APATITE 1-2 2.5 3.5- 4 5 Cleavages 6 4 3 3 1 Hardness 2 Dark gray to black streak Greenish black streak Yellow-brown streak Black, greasy feel, smudges easily, writes on paper Shiny silver-gray; cubic cleavage; very heavy; Brassy yellow; may be tarnished to bronze or irridescent Yellow to dark brown; sometimes earthy, soft and crumbly Dark yellow-brown to black; resinous luster; flat shiny faces streak smells like rotten eggs; often masses of small xystals Bluish to purple common; clear to transparent also found look for triangular faces of octahedral cleavage 1 Clear to transluscent; perfect cubic cleavage, salty taste Clear to white; readily reacts with HCl acid White other pale colors; HCl reaction slow; or only powdered Greenish-white; pearly to greasy; often small crystal masses has perfect basal cleavage, but often hard to see White, also pink; three distinct varieties; all cleavages rarely seen Alabaster=massive Satin spar=fibrous Selenite=transparent basal cleavage Colorless; clear; thin flexible sheets; can be peeled Black, very shiny, flat, opaque sheets; can be peeled Dark green; flat, flexible sheets; but often in masses of tiny crystals the perfect basal cleavage which is always visible is the distinguishing feature for these minerals practically, cleavage is rarey seen in lab specimens; use color White usually, but also pink; three distinct varieties Alabaster=massive Satin spar=fibrous Selenite=transparent basal cleavage Reddish-brown to Green , prismatic crystals; poor basal cleav. Yellow to dark brown; sometimes earthy Reddish, whiteish; ~ 1/4 inch spherical structures in earthy matrix cleavage is very hard to see in some minerals because it is poorly developed or the crytals are small; these minerals have no cleavage at all. dodecahedral; 12 sides octahedral; 8 sides cubic 6 sides; right angles rhombohedral 6 sides; not right angles basal SPHALERITE Dark yellow-brown to black; resinous luster streak smells like rotten eggs; often masses of small xystals CHLORITE Dark green; flexible sheets; but often in masses of tiny crystals practically, cleavage is rarey seen in lab specimens; use color KAOLINITE White; soapy feel; dull, earthy. A type of clay Hardness HEMATITE5.5 Red to purple to black; dull earthy appearance; Red to red- brown streak does form crystals, but we mostly see the finely dissemiated kind metallic luster may be very shiny like polished metal, or dull, like tarnished metal, or even powdery like rust Minerals Softer Than Glass 3