The document outlines the process for discovering, investigating, and preparing charges for offences under the military justice system in Malaysia. When an offence is discovered, it is reported to the commanding officer or provost officer. The CO will appoint an investigating officer to investigate the alleged offence by recording witness statements, keeping an investigation diary, and collecting evidence. Once complete, the IO submits an investigation report to the CO, who prepares a charge report and evaluates whether to proceed with charges or dismiss the case.
An FIR (First Information Report) is a written document containing the earliest information about the commission of a cognizable offense. It must be filed with the police station in the jurisdiction where the offense took place. An FIR can be filed by the aggrieved person, an eyewitness, or anyone with hearsay information about the offense. It aims to set the criminal law into motion by providing essential details like what crime was committed, who committed it, where and when it took place, and any other relevant information or witnesses. If the police refuse to record an FIR, the complainant can escalate the matter to higher authorities or file a private complaint with the court.
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The document discusses the role of magistrates in ensuring proper arrest procedures are followed. It summarizes the key points of the Arnesh Kumar Supreme Court case which established duties of magistrates, including ascertaining that first production of an arrested person is done within 24 hours. The document also discusses provisions related to arrest as outlined in the Indian Constitution and Code of Criminal Procedure, including maintaining an accurate arrest memo. Guidelines from Supreme Court cases like DK Basu case on proper arrest procedures are highlighted. Interviews conducted with magistrates revealed varying practices in scrutinizing arrest memos and addressing discrepancies.
LLB LAW NOTES ON CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE
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KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
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The document summarizes the key steps and procedures for criminal investigations according to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) in India. It discusses (1) the initiation of a criminal case based on a police report, (2) the police's power to summon witnesses and record statements, (3) recording of confessions by a magistrate, (4) procedures for remand and release of the accused, and (5) requirements for the police case diary and final report. The document provides details on the legal provisions governing these various stages of pre-proceeding investigation under the CrPC.
The document defines domestic violence according to the United States Department of Justice as a pattern of abusive behavior used to gain control over an intimate partner. It then lists common types of domestic violence and prevalence data from Nepal. The remainder of the document outlines rules and regulations from Nepal's 2010 Domestic Violence Act, including definitions, complaint procedures, oversight of service centers, and management of victim support funds.
This document discusses laws and guidelines related to arrests in India. It provides directions from a Supreme Court case regarding which authorities can investigate, register FIRs, and make arrests for certain drug-related offenses. It discusses the powers of police officers and drug inspectors to arrest under the relevant Act and Code of Criminal Procedure. It also outlines the D.K. Basu guidelines for carrying out arrests and interrogations and the Arnesh Kumar guidelines regarding determining the necessity of an arrest for offenses with less than 7 years punishment.
INVESTIGATIONS AND THE TRIAL PROCEDURE IN UGANDA 2Kakuru Joel
This document discusses investigations and the criminal trial process in Uganda. It covers:
- Investigations are carried out by the police to collect evidence and place the accused at the scene of the crime. Different investigation methods are used depending on the crime.
- The stages of a criminal trial in a magistrate's court, including plea taking, prosecution presenting their case, defense presenting their case, judgement, and appeals.
- The stages are similar in the high court but begin with preliminary proceedings like drawing up an indictment.
- Some miscellaneous applications that can be made during the trial like bail applications, habeas corpus if the accused is not produced in court.
- A successful investigation is important to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt and
An FIR (First Information Report) is a written document containing the earliest information about the commission of a cognizable offense. It must be filed with the police station in the jurisdiction where the offense took place. An FIR can be filed by the aggrieved person, an eyewitness, or anyone with hearsay information about the offense. It aims to set the criminal law into motion by providing essential details like what crime was committed, who committed it, where and when it took place, and any other relevant information or witnesses. If the police refuse to record an FIR, the complainant can escalate the matter to higher authorities or file a private complaint with the court.
1457165446Role of Magistrate at First Production.pptxssuser1479c1
The document discusses the role of magistrates in ensuring proper arrest procedures are followed. It summarizes the key points of the Arnesh Kumar Supreme Court case which established duties of magistrates, including ascertaining that first production of an arrested person is done within 24 hours. The document also discusses provisions related to arrest as outlined in the Indian Constitution and Code of Criminal Procedure, including maintaining an accurate arrest memo. Guidelines from Supreme Court cases like DK Basu case on proper arrest procedures are highlighted. Interviews conducted with magistrates revealed varying practices in scrutinizing arrest memos and addressing discrepancies.
LLB LAW NOTES ON CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
The document summarizes the key steps and procedures for criminal investigations according to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) in India. It discusses (1) the initiation of a criminal case based on a police report, (2) the police's power to summon witnesses and record statements, (3) recording of confessions by a magistrate, (4) procedures for remand and release of the accused, and (5) requirements for the police case diary and final report. The document provides details on the legal provisions governing these various stages of pre-proceeding investigation under the CrPC.
The document defines domestic violence according to the United States Department of Justice as a pattern of abusive behavior used to gain control over an intimate partner. It then lists common types of domestic violence and prevalence data from Nepal. The remainder of the document outlines rules and regulations from Nepal's 2010 Domestic Violence Act, including definitions, complaint procedures, oversight of service centers, and management of victim support funds.
This document discusses laws and guidelines related to arrests in India. It provides directions from a Supreme Court case regarding which authorities can investigate, register FIRs, and make arrests for certain drug-related offenses. It discusses the powers of police officers and drug inspectors to arrest under the relevant Act and Code of Criminal Procedure. It also outlines the D.K. Basu guidelines for carrying out arrests and interrogations and the Arnesh Kumar guidelines regarding determining the necessity of an arrest for offenses with less than 7 years punishment.
INVESTIGATIONS AND THE TRIAL PROCEDURE IN UGANDA 2Kakuru Joel
This document discusses investigations and the criminal trial process in Uganda. It covers:
- Investigations are carried out by the police to collect evidence and place the accused at the scene of the crime. Different investigation methods are used depending on the crime.
- The stages of a criminal trial in a magistrate's court, including plea taking, prosecution presenting their case, defense presenting their case, judgement, and appeals.
- The stages are similar in the high court but begin with preliminary proceedings like drawing up an indictment.
- Some miscellaneous applications that can be made during the trial like bail applications, habeas corpus if the accused is not produced in court.
- A successful investigation is important to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt and
PROCEDURAL FORMALITIES OF SEARCH, SEIZURE & SPOT CASE DIARIES.pptxAttique ur Rehman
The document provides guidelines for procedural formalities related to search, seizure, and maintaining case diaries according to Pakistani law. The key points are:
- Searches must be conducted according to the law and with proper documentation of grounds and witnesses. Personal searches and searches of premises each have specific legal requirements.
- Case diaries are mandatory records of investigation proceedings that document actions, places visited, and circumstances ascertained on a daily basis. They are an aid to trials but not direct evidence.
- Maintaining a proper chain of custody for any evidence seized is important to prove the evidence's connection to the crime in court.
This document discusses various crimes against constitutional rights and processes in the Philippines. It defines treason, arbitrary detention, unlawful arrest, violation of domicile, and search warrants. Treason can only be committed during wartime, while arbitrary detention involves a public officer detaining someone without lawful cause. Unlawful arrest involves a private individual or public officer feigning to arrest someone without cause. Violation of domicile involves a public officer entering or searching a home without consent or proper authorization. Search warrants must be personally issued by a judge based on probable cause.
Concepts of crime by Prof. Arvind Nath Tripati [DSNLU]Santosh Hsotnas
The document discusses the concepts of crime and the process of arrest under Indian law. It defines what constitutes a crime and outlines the various elements and stages of a crime. It also describes the different types of offenses and the procedures involved in investigation, arrest, rights of arrested persons, and trial. The key laws governing crime and criminal procedure in India are the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and Indian Evidence Act. The document provides detailed information on the law around arrest, including when police may make an arrest with or without a warrant and the rights of individuals during and after the arrest process.
The document discusses arrest without a warrant under the Code of Criminal Procedure in Bangladesh. It covers how arrest is made, the grounds for arrest without a warrant, and recommendations from a Supreme Court case. Specifically, it outlines 9 grounds where a police officer can arrest someone without a warrant, such as if they are reasonably suspected of a serious crime. It also lists 15 recommendations from a Supreme Court case regarding procedures during arrest and detention, such as informing relatives of an arrest and allowing access to a lawyer.
This document is the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act from Nepal that was enacted in 2007. Some key points:
- It establishes human trafficking and transportation as criminal offenses and outlines punishments such as imprisonment and fines.
- It provides protections for victims such as certifying their statements in court, allowing separate legal representation, and translation services.
- It requires the establishment of rehabilitation centers to provide medical treatment, social services, and family reunification support for victims.
- It creates a rehabilitation fund to support the operation of centers and provides compensation to victims from fines imposed on offenders.
This document discusses the rules and procedures regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines according to Rule 112 of the Rules of Court. It defines a preliminary investigation as an inquiry to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed and the respondent is guilty. Preliminary investigations are required for offenses with penalties of at least 4 years and are conducted by prosecutors, judges, and other authorized officers in an inquisitorial manner. Their purpose is to preserve evidence and determine if a case should be filed in court. The rights and procedures related to preliminary investigations are further discussed.
KAEDAH-KAEDAH ANGKATAN TENTERA (LEMBAGA SIASATAN) 1976FAROUQ
The document outlines rules for Armed Forces boards of inquiry and courts-martial in Malaysia. It details procedures for investigations, trials, evidence collection and witness testimony. Some key points include:
- Boards of inquiry can be convened to investigate servicemember absences or deficiencies in arms/equipment. Courts-martial can try offenses under the Armed Forces Act.
- Rules govern search warrants, interrogation of suspects, and the roles of prosecutors, defending officers and interpreters at trials.
- Courts-martial must consider challenges to their jurisdiction and objections to charges. Accused servicemembers can plead guilty, not guilty, or object to joint charges/trials.
- If found guilty, courts consider
The document outlines the Government Servants (Efficiency and Discipline) Rules, 1973 which establish procedures for imposing penalties on civil servants for reasons of inefficiency, misconduct, corruption, or actions prejudicial to national security. It defines key terms and outlines the process for inquiries, including the roles of inquiry officers and committees, accused rights, and appeals. Penalties include minor penalties like denial of promotion or increments, and major penalties like removal or dismissal. The rules also repeal previous related rules from 1960 and 1961.
2015 amendments to the manual for courts martial eo13696RepentSinner
This executive order amends the Manual for Courts-Martial to update rules related to preliminary hearings and pretrial confinement procedures. Key changes include: (1) Requiring general courts-martial jurisdiction for certain sexual offenses; (2) Providing victims' rights to notice and participation in pretrial confinement reviews; and (3) Requiring disclosure of evidence to the defense following direction of a preliminary hearing. The order takes effect immediately but does not invalidate prior actions or make past acts punishable.
This training manual provides guidance to trainee police officers on police powers and procedures related to stop and search, arrest, detention, and questioning of suspects. It explains that police have specific investigatory powers governed by legislation like the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and related codes of practice. The manual discusses the need to balance these police powers with individual rights, and outlines the key sections of acts and codes that provide the legal framework for stop and search procedures, detention, and questioning of suspects in accordance with safeguards for individual rights.
This training manual provides guidance to trainee police officers on police powers and procedures related to stop and search, arrest, detention, and questioning of suspects. It explains that police have specific investigatory powers governed by legislation like the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and related codes of practice. The manual discusses balancing police powers with individual rights, and outlines the steps officers must take when conducting a stop and search according to the GOWISELY procedure to ensure searches are lawful.
The document provides guidance for trainee police officers on police powers. It discusses the objectives of the criminal justice system and the specific powers granted to police to investigate crimes. It outlines that police powers of stop and search, arrest, detention and questioning of suspects are governed by strict legislation and codes of practice. The document then examines in detail the powers of stop and search and arrest, providing definitions, legal justifications and examples of how they must be conducted according to the law.
1) The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of the first responder, investigator on case, and SOCO team who are involved in conducting a crime scene investigation from the initial response through processing and release of the crime scene.
2) It details the specific functions of the first responder including securing the scene, preliminary evaluation, witness interviews and preservation of evidence. It also describes the investigator on case assuming responsibility for the scene and requesting SOCO support if needed.
3) The SOCO team's role is to process the scene through documentation, collection and documentation of evidence as requested by the investigator on case. The investigator on case decides when to release the scene after ensuring all evidence has been collected.
RIGHTS OF AN ARRESTEE DURING POLICE ARRESTUgochukwu Ugwu
1. Unlawful arrests have contributed to overcrowding in police stations and prisons, as arrests are sometimes made for civil matters or on frivolous grounds. Police also arrest friends and family of suspects to compel suspects to turn themselves in.
2. The rights of arrestees include being informed of the reason for arrest. The arrestee has the right to remain silent and consult a lawyer before making any statements. They must not be subjected to torture or inhumane treatment.
3. Electronic recording of confessions is allowed, as is oral confessions. Bail is to be granted free of charge within 24 hours, except for offenses punishable by death. The residual status of an arrestee is presumed
The document outlines the rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions under Philippine law, including the right to be presumed innocent, to be informed of charges, to present a defense, not to testify against oneself, confront witnesses, and have a speedy and public trial. It also describes the procedures for arraignment and plea, including the ability to plead guilty to a lesser offense. The accused may file a motion to quash the complaint or information before entering a plea based on grounds such as lack of an offense or lack of jurisdiction.
The document outlines the key stages of a criminal trial in India. It discusses the differences between a summons case and a warrant case, and covers the trial procedures for warrant cases before a Sessions Court and Magistrate. The trial procedures covered include framing of charges, examining witnesses and evidence, defenses, submissions, and judgment. It also discusses some common provisions like acquittal or conviction, absence of complainant, and compensation for false accusations. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the different stages and processes involved in criminal trials under Indian law.
Arrest and questioning of accused in India, U.K. and U.S.A. | Comparitive Cri...NishkaPrajapati
The document compares criminal procedures related to arrest and questioning of accused persons in India, the UK, and the USA. In India, arrest can be made with or without a warrant by police officers, private persons, or magistrates under specific sections of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Upon arrest, the accused must be informed of the charges and brought before a magistrate within 24 hours. In the UK, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act provides powers of arrest with or without a warrant to police and private persons. Arrested persons must be informed of the grounds for and fact of arrest. In the USA, police can make warrantless arrests with probable cause and must inform arrested persons of their Miranda rights against self-incrimination if the arrest
This document outlines the process and requirements for police reports in India as outlined in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CRPC). It discusses the two main types of police reports:
1. Charge sheet - Submitted to court if there is sufficient evidence against the accused person(s) to begin prosecution. It contains the names of accused and evidence collected.
2. Final report - Submitted if no charge sheet is filed. This can be for reasons like insufficient evidence (FR True), intentionally false complaints (FR False), mistakes of fact or law (FR Mistake of Fact, FR Mistake of Law).
The document also provides details on the required contents of police reports like the charge sheet as well as
1. The criminal investigation process allows police to gather sufficient evidence to support charges against suspected criminals. Police have powers to search, seize evidence, and question suspects to build strong cases.
2. However, not all reported crimes are fully investigated due to limited resources, and the lengthy investigation process can delay justice. Some crimes may not be pursued even when reported.
3. While technology like DNA evidence has helped solve difficult cases, an over-reliance on certain types of evidence alone could risk wrongful convictions. A thorough investigation considers multiple forms of lawful evidence.
The document discusses rules of arrest under Philippine national law. It defines arrest and outlines the differences between civil and criminal law. There are two types of arrest - arrest with a warrant and warrantless arrest. When making an arrest, officers must respect the custodial rights of suspects. After arrest, a suspect can only be detained for a certain period of time depending on the crime before they must be charged. A preliminary investigation is also usually required before filing a complaint in court. The document outlines the rights of the accused during this investigation and trial.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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The document provides guidelines for procedural formalities related to search, seizure, and maintaining case diaries according to Pakistani law. The key points are:
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- Case diaries are mandatory records of investigation proceedings that document actions, places visited, and circumstances ascertained on a daily basis. They are an aid to trials but not direct evidence.
- Maintaining a proper chain of custody for any evidence seized is important to prove the evidence's connection to the crime in court.
This document discusses various crimes against constitutional rights and processes in the Philippines. It defines treason, arbitrary detention, unlawful arrest, violation of domicile, and search warrants. Treason can only be committed during wartime, while arbitrary detention involves a public officer detaining someone without lawful cause. Unlawful arrest involves a private individual or public officer feigning to arrest someone without cause. Violation of domicile involves a public officer entering or searching a home without consent or proper authorization. Search warrants must be personally issued by a judge based on probable cause.
Concepts of crime by Prof. Arvind Nath Tripati [DSNLU]Santosh Hsotnas
The document discusses the concepts of crime and the process of arrest under Indian law. It defines what constitutes a crime and outlines the various elements and stages of a crime. It also describes the different types of offenses and the procedures involved in investigation, arrest, rights of arrested persons, and trial. The key laws governing crime and criminal procedure in India are the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and Indian Evidence Act. The document provides detailed information on the law around arrest, including when police may make an arrest with or without a warrant and the rights of individuals during and after the arrest process.
The document discusses arrest without a warrant under the Code of Criminal Procedure in Bangladesh. It covers how arrest is made, the grounds for arrest without a warrant, and recommendations from a Supreme Court case. Specifically, it outlines 9 grounds where a police officer can arrest someone without a warrant, such as if they are reasonably suspected of a serious crime. It also lists 15 recommendations from a Supreme Court case regarding procedures during arrest and detention, such as informing relatives of an arrest and allowing access to a lawyer.
This document is the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act from Nepal that was enacted in 2007. Some key points:
- It establishes human trafficking and transportation as criminal offenses and outlines punishments such as imprisonment and fines.
- It provides protections for victims such as certifying their statements in court, allowing separate legal representation, and translation services.
- It requires the establishment of rehabilitation centers to provide medical treatment, social services, and family reunification support for victims.
- It creates a rehabilitation fund to support the operation of centers and provides compensation to victims from fines imposed on offenders.
This document discusses the rules and procedures regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines according to Rule 112 of the Rules of Court. It defines a preliminary investigation as an inquiry to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed and the respondent is guilty. Preliminary investigations are required for offenses with penalties of at least 4 years and are conducted by prosecutors, judges, and other authorized officers in an inquisitorial manner. Their purpose is to preserve evidence and determine if a case should be filed in court. The rights and procedures related to preliminary investigations are further discussed.
KAEDAH-KAEDAH ANGKATAN TENTERA (LEMBAGA SIASATAN) 1976FAROUQ
The document outlines rules for Armed Forces boards of inquiry and courts-martial in Malaysia. It details procedures for investigations, trials, evidence collection and witness testimony. Some key points include:
- Boards of inquiry can be convened to investigate servicemember absences or deficiencies in arms/equipment. Courts-martial can try offenses under the Armed Forces Act.
- Rules govern search warrants, interrogation of suspects, and the roles of prosecutors, defending officers and interpreters at trials.
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- If found guilty, courts consider
The document outlines the Government Servants (Efficiency and Discipline) Rules, 1973 which establish procedures for imposing penalties on civil servants for reasons of inefficiency, misconduct, corruption, or actions prejudicial to national security. It defines key terms and outlines the process for inquiries, including the roles of inquiry officers and committees, accused rights, and appeals. Penalties include minor penalties like denial of promotion or increments, and major penalties like removal or dismissal. The rules also repeal previous related rules from 1960 and 1961.
2015 amendments to the manual for courts martial eo13696RepentSinner
This executive order amends the Manual for Courts-Martial to update rules related to preliminary hearings and pretrial confinement procedures. Key changes include: (1) Requiring general courts-martial jurisdiction for certain sexual offenses; (2) Providing victims' rights to notice and participation in pretrial confinement reviews; and (3) Requiring disclosure of evidence to the defense following direction of a preliminary hearing. The order takes effect immediately but does not invalidate prior actions or make past acts punishable.
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This training manual provides guidance to trainee police officers on police powers and procedures related to stop and search, arrest, detention, and questioning of suspects. It explains that police have specific investigatory powers governed by legislation like the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and related codes of practice. The manual discusses balancing police powers with individual rights, and outlines the steps officers must take when conducting a stop and search according to the GOWISELY procedure to ensure searches are lawful.
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1) The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of the first responder, investigator on case, and SOCO team who are involved in conducting a crime scene investigation from the initial response through processing and release of the crime scene.
2) It details the specific functions of the first responder including securing the scene, preliminary evaluation, witness interviews and preservation of evidence. It also describes the investigator on case assuming responsibility for the scene and requesting SOCO support if needed.
3) The SOCO team's role is to process the scene through documentation, collection and documentation of evidence as requested by the investigator on case. The investigator on case decides when to release the scene after ensuring all evidence has been collected.
RIGHTS OF AN ARRESTEE DURING POLICE ARRESTUgochukwu Ugwu
1. Unlawful arrests have contributed to overcrowding in police stations and prisons, as arrests are sometimes made for civil matters or on frivolous grounds. Police also arrest friends and family of suspects to compel suspects to turn themselves in.
2. The rights of arrestees include being informed of the reason for arrest. The arrestee has the right to remain silent and consult a lawyer before making any statements. They must not be subjected to torture or inhumane treatment.
3. Electronic recording of confessions is allowed, as is oral confessions. Bail is to be granted free of charge within 24 hours, except for offenses punishable by death. The residual status of an arrestee is presumed
The document outlines the rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions under Philippine law, including the right to be presumed innocent, to be informed of charges, to present a defense, not to testify against oneself, confront witnesses, and have a speedy and public trial. It also describes the procedures for arraignment and plea, including the ability to plead guilty to a lesser offense. The accused may file a motion to quash the complaint or information before entering a plea based on grounds such as lack of an offense or lack of jurisdiction.
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1. Charge sheet - Submitted to court if there is sufficient evidence against the accused person(s) to begin prosecution. It contains the names of accused and evidence collected.
2. Final report - Submitted if no charge sheet is filed. This can be for reasons like insufficient evidence (FR True), intentionally false complaints (FR False), mistakes of fact or law (FR Mistake of Fact, FR Mistake of Law).
The document also provides details on the required contents of police reports like the charge sheet as well as
1. The criminal investigation process allows police to gather sufficient evidence to support charges against suspected criminals. Police have powers to search, seize evidence, and question suspects to build strong cases.
2. However, not all reported crimes are fully investigated due to limited resources, and the lengthy investigation process can delay justice. Some crimes may not be pursued even when reported.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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2. INTRODUCTION - DISCOVERY OF OFFENCES
Whenever an offence is committed, the discovery of the offence may be immediate or delayed.
The discovery of the offence is immediate under the following circumstances:
(1) where the accused is arrested on the spot while committing the offence and is surrendered
to the Armed Forces Authority;
(2) where a report is lodged by any witness to the offence to the Armed Forces Authority.
On the other hand, an offence may be discovered sometime after it has been committed under the
following circumstances:
(a) audit reports reveal that a certain offence has been committed by a certain
personnel of the armed forces;
(b) there is a delay in the reporting of an offence which has already taken
place to the appropriate military authority;
(c) there is a finding of liability by the Board of Inquiry.
3. REPORTING AN OFFENCE
• Generally, any information relating to the commission of an
offence is reported to the police and reduced to writing before
further action can be taken to investigate the offence.
• Under the military justice system, the offence is reported to the
military authority:-
A. the commanding officer or
B. the provost officer.
4. Once the information of the commission of an offence is
reported, the CO must take further action to investigate the
offence. In this aspect the CO is required to take the
following actions:
(1) request the provost marshall or MP officer
to investigate the offence.
(2) Appoint in writing any member of the armed
forces who is under his command to be an
investigating officer to investigate the alleged
offence.
* The provost marshall or provost officer is an officer who is appointed by the
appropriate service chief with the approval of the Armed Forces Council under the
Act as provided under section 94A of the Armed Forces Act 1972. The members of
military corp are officers and servicemen who belong to the Malaysian Military Corp
under the Royal Malaysian Army.
5. INVESTIGATION OF OFFENCES
• Once an investigating officer (I0) has been appointed,
he must carry out the investigation of the alleged
offence as soon as practicable while witnesses
memories are still fresh.
• In carrying out an investigation of an offence, the I0
has to :-
• record witness statements,
• provide an interpreter and
• keep an investigation diary.
6. Recording witness statements
The I0 is entitled to question any person as witnesses whether suspected or
not, so long as he has not been charged with the offence or informed that he
may be prosecuted. He must warn the said person of the following.
(1) Such person will be bound to answer all questions relating to the case
put to him. Provided that such person may refuse to answer any
question which the answer would expose him to a criminal charge or
penalty or forfeiture.
(2) Such person making a statement will be legally bound to state the
truth, whether or not such statement is made wholly or partly in
answer to questions.
(3) At the end of the recording the contents of the statement will be read
back to the witness and he must be given an opportunity to make any
correction, when the witness is satisfied with the statement recorded,
he is required to sign or affix his thumbprint.
7. Where the I0 has reason to believe that the person making a statement has
committed the offence, he has to ensure that the following requirements are
complied with:
(a) the IO must inform him of the nature of the offence;
(b) the IO must caution him as follows:
'You are not obliged to say anything, but anything you say may be given in evidence.'
(c) after being duly cautioned that person must not be cross-examined without his consent, the IO may
ask any questions necessary for the purpose of clarifying a statement made;
(d) any statement made shall be taken down in writing and read to the person making it and allowed to
make any corrections he may wish;
(e) the person making the statement and the IO shall sign the statements; if he refuses to sign, the IO
must record such refusal;
(f) when two or more persons are charged with the same offence and statements are made separately,
the IO will not read the statement of one person to another but each person may be furnished by the
IO with a copy of the statements. If such person desires to make a statement in reply, the IO must
caution him;
(g) a statement made by a person before caution read to him is not rendered inadmissible in evidence
merely for this reason, but in such a case he must be cautioned as soon as possible.
(h) A court-martial may refuse to admit a statement recorded from the accused person if it was not made
and recorded substantially in compliance with rule 29 of the RP..
8. Investigation Diary
The IO must keep a diary recording every act done by
him in the course of the investigation. The IO will
include in the record the following:
(1) the time at which the order for
investigation reached him;
(2) the times at which he commenced and
completed his investigation;
(3) the places visited by him; and
(4) a statement of the facts and
circumstances ascertained through his
investigation.
An accused person will not be entitled either before or in
the course of trial to call for or to inspect any such diary.
9. PREPARING THE CHARGE REPORT
Once the investigation is completed, the IO will submit the following
information to the CO for further action:
(1) the investigation report;
(2) statements of witnesses under rule 28 and if any, the accused's
statement under rule 29;
(3) name of complainant(s);
(4) name of witnesses;
(5) evidence taken or seized.
The CO's office will then prepare a charge report (BAT D 200) based on the
information supplied by the IO in accordance with the Armed Forces (Summary
Jurisdiction) Regulations 1976.
The CO will then evaluate the information available before him in order to
decide whether or not to proceed with the charge.
If the CO decides to proceed with the charge, he must investigate the charge in
accordance with the manner stipulated in the RP.
Otherwise the CO will either condone or dismiss the charge, if he is satisfied
that the charge is groundless or there are special circumstances which justify
its dismissal.
10. reference
• Armed Forces Act 72
• Criminal Procedure Code (Act 593)
• Emperor v Nazir Ahmad Al R 1945 PC 18.
• Armed Forces (Court-Martial) Rules of Procedure 1976 (PU (A) 163)
• Armed Forces (Summary Jurisdiction) Regulations 1976 (PU (A) 161/1976)
Sch 3 Part A (Charge Report).
• Armed Forces (Summary Jurisdiction) Regulations 1976
• Teo Say Eng and Col Wan Normazlan: Military Legal Proceedings in Malaysia
Editor's Notes
Whenever an offence is committed against any provision of the Armed Forces Act 1972, the discovery of the offence may be immediate or delayed depending on the circumstances in which it is committed.
The discovery of the offence is immediate under the following circumstances:
(1) where the accused is arrested on the spot while committing the offence and is surrendered to the Armed Forces Authority;
(2) where a report is lodged by any witness to the offence to the Armed Forces Authority.
On the other hand, an offence may be discovered sometime after it has been committed under the following circumstances:
(a) audit reports reveal that a certain offence has been committed by a certain personnel of the armed forces;
(b) there is a delay in the reporting of an offence which has already taken place to the appropriate military authority;
(c) there is a finding of liability by the Board of Inquiry.
REPORTING AN OFFENCE
Generally, under the civil justice system, where any information relating to the commission of an offence is reported to the police, the information must be reduced to writing before further action can be taken to investigate the offence. Nevertheless the receipt and recording of an information report is not a condition precedent to the setting in motion of a criminal investigation. Under the military justice system, the information regarding an offence is reported to the relevant military authority. This authority normally is the commanding officer or the provost officer. However there is no mandatory requirement to reduce such information into writing unlike under the civil justice system, it is legally bound to reduce such information to writing.
In the absence of such requirement, it is prudent that the military authority to whom the information is given should reduce it to writing. Furthermore under the Armed Forces (Court-Martial) Rules of Procedure 1976 (hereinafter called RP), where no special provision has been made, the law relating to the criminal procedure for the time being in force in Malaysia will be applied so long as it is not inconsistent with these rules.
Once the information relating to the commission of the offence is reported to the commanding officer, the commanding officer must take further action to investigate the offence. Under the RP the offences will be inquired into in accordance with the provisions of the law for the time being in force regulating the manner inquiring into the offence. In this aspect the commanding officer is required to take the following actions:
(1) request the provost marshall or provost officer or any member of the Corp of Military Police to investigate theoffence. The provost marshall or provost officer is an officer who is appointed by the appropriate service chief with the approval of the Armed Forces Council under the Act as provided under section 94A of the Armed Forces Act 1972. The members of military corp are officers and servicemen who belong to the Malaysian Military Corp under the Royal Malaysian Army.
(2) Appoint in writing any member of the armed forces personnel to investigate the alleged offence. Normally the commanding officer appoints any members of the armed forces personnel who is under his command to be an investigating officer.
INVESTIGATION OF OFFENCES
Once an investigating officer (I0) has been appointed, he must carry out the investigation of the alleged offence as soon as practicable while witnesses memories are still fresh.
In carrying out an investigation of an offence, the I0 has to record witness statements, provide an interpreter and keep an investigation diary.
The I0 is entitled to question any person whether suspected or not if he believes useful information can be obtained. This is so whether or not the person in question has been taken into custody so long as he has not been charged with the offence or informed that he may be prosecuted. While examining a person whom he believes may assist the investigation, he must warn the said person of the following.
(1) Such person will be bound to answer all questions relating to such case put to him. Provided that such person may refuse any question the answer to which would have a tendency to expose him to a criminal charge or penalty or forfeiture.
(2) Such person making a statement will be legally bound to state the truth, whether or not such statement is made wholly or partly in answer to questions.
(3) At the end of the recording the contents of the statement will be read back to the witness and he must be given an opportunity to make any correction if he wishes to do so when the witness is so satisfied with the statement so far recorded, he is required to sign or affix his thumbprint.
Where the I0 has reason to believe that the person making a statement has committed the offence, he has to ensure that the following requirements are complied with:
(a) the investigation officer must inform him of the nature of the offence;
(b) the investigating officer must caution him as follows:
'You are not obliged to say anything, but anything you say may be given in evidence.'
(c) a person making a statement after being duly cautioned must not be cross-examined without his express consent, except that the investigating officer may ask any questions necessary for the purpose of clarifying a statement made;
(d) any statement made shall be taken down in writing and read to the person making it and he shall be invited to introduce any corrections he may wish;
(e) the person making the statement and the investigating officer shall sign the statements; where the person who has made the statement refuses to sign, the investigating officer must record such refusal;
(f) when two or more persons are charged with the same offence and statements are made separately, the investigating officer will not read the statement of one person to another and nothing will be said or done by him to invite a reply but each person may be furnished by the investigating officer with a copy of the statements. If such person desires to make a statement in reply, the investigating officer must caution him;
(g) a statement made by a person before there is time to caution him is not rendered inadmissible in evidence merely for this reason, but in such a case he must be cautioned as soon as possible.
(h) A court-martial may refuse to admit a statement recorded from the accused person if it was not made and recorded substantially in compliance with rule 29 of the RP. To provide the service of interpreter In recording a statement from a witness or an accused person, the IO may appoint an interpreter or be the interpreter himself whenever necessary.
The investigating officer must keep a diary recording every act done by him in the course of the investigation. The investigating officer will include in the record the following:
(1) the time at which the order for investigation reached him;
(2) the times at which he commenced and completed his investigation;
(3) the places visited by him; and
(4) a statement of the facts and circumstances ascertained through his investigation.
An accused person will not be entitled either before or in the course of trial to call for or to inspect any such diary.
Once the investigation is completed, the IO will submit the following information to the Commanding Officer for further action:
(1) the investigation report;
(2) statements of witnesses under rule 28 and if any, the accused's statement under rule 29;
(3) name of complainant(s);
(4) name of witnesses;
(5) evidence taken or seized.
The CO's office will then prepare a charge report based on the information supplied by the IO in accordance with the Armed Forces (Summary Jurisdiction) Regulations 1976.
The CO will then evaluate the information available before him in order to decide whether or not to proceed with the charge. If the CO decides to proceed with the charge, he must investigate the charge in accordance with the manner stipulated in the RP. Otherwise the CO will either condone or dismiss the charge, if he is satisfied that the charge is groundless or there are special circumstances which justify its dismissal.