Meri awaz suno biography of mohammad rafi

esjh vkokt+ lquks
¼eksgEen jQh ds thou vkSj xhrksa ij dsfUnzr½

esjh vkokt+ lquks
¼eksgEen jQh ds thou vkSj xhrksa ij dsfUnzr½
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ISBN : 81-904097-1-9
©
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_________________________________________________
MERI AWAZ SUNO (Based on the life and the songs of
Mohammad Rafi) by Vinod Viplav

thou dh lHkh rdyhQksa dks
g¡ldj >syus dh rkdr nsusokys
xhrksa vkSj lqjksa ds
jpf;rkvksa dks lefiZr

izLrkouk
,d ys[kd ds fy;s blls cM+k vkSj D;k bZuke vkSj larks"k gks ldrk
gS fd vius thou ds vafre pj.k ls xqtj jgh dksbZ efgyk iqLrd
i<+us ds ckn [kkl rkSj ij VsyhQksu djds crk;s fd ;g iqLrd i<+dj
mldk thou /kU; gks x;k vkSj iqLrd fy[kdj ys[kd us ml tSls
jQh izsfe;ksa ij vglku fd;k gSA ve`rlj esa jgus okyh bl efgyk
us viuh iq=kh ds ekQZr ;g iqLrd eaxkbZ vkSj [kqn mlh ds 'kCnksa esa
mlus ;g iqLrd ,d ckj ugha] dbZ ckj i<+hA
vius ekrk&firk ls nwj fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa dkWyst ds
Nk=kkokl esa jgdj i<+kbZ djus okyk ,d Nk=k Nqfê;ksa esa vius ?kj
dsoy bl dkj.k ls ugha x;k D;ksafd mls ;g Mj Fkk fd vxj og
?kj pyk x;k rks dwfj;j ls Hksth tkus okyh iqLrd dgha mlds gkFk
ugha yxsA
lwjhuke esa jgus okys ,d jQh izseh bl iqLrd dks gkfly
djus ds fy;s fnYyh vkus dk dk;Zdze cuk ysrs gSaA dbZ yksx iqLrd
ikus ds fy;s Mkd ;k dwfj;j dk bartkj fd;s cxSj [kqn iqLrd dks
ysus fnYyh igqap x;sA ;g vDlj dgk tkrk gS fd ;qok ih<+h vkt
ds xk;dksa dh nhokuh gS ysfdu 20 lky ls de mez ds dbZ fd'kksjksa
esa bl iqLrd dks ikus rFkk i<+us ds izfr tks yyd fn[kh] mls c;ku
djuk eqf'dy gSA
bu lc mnkgj.kksa dk ftdz djus ds ihNs [kqn fe;ka feV~Bw
cuuk ugha gS cfYd ml tknw dks lkeus j[kuk gS tks vkt Hkh yksxksa
ds fnyks&fnekx ij lj p<+dj cksy jgk gSA ;g tknw fdlh vkSj dk
ugha eksgEen jQh dh fnyd'k vkokt ,oa muds O;fDrRo dk gSA
eksckby] baVjusV] Vsyhfotu vkSj lSVsykbV jsfM;ks ds tekus esa tc
gj fnu euksjatu vkSj tkudkfj;ksa ds ,d ls c<+dj ,d ek/;e lkeus
vk jgs gSa vkSj tc yksx iqLrdksa ls dVrs tk jgs gSa] ,sls le; esa
fdlh iqLrd ds izfr bl dnj dh csdjkjh foLe;dkjh gSA eq>s vius
ys[ku dks ysdj fdlh rjg dk xqeku ugha gSA blfy;s eq>s irk gS
fd bl iqLrd ds izfr jQh ds ikBdksa [kkl rkSj ij laxhr izsfe;ksa ,oa
jQh ds nhokuksa dh fnypLih mUgsa T;knk ls T;knk tkuus ds tquwu
dk urhtk gSA jQh izsfe;ksa ds fy;s og dsoy ,d xk;d ugha] ,d
,slk tTck gS ftlds fy;s dqN Hkh dj xqtjuk dqN Hkh ugha gSA ,sls
yksx eksgEen jQh ds ckjs esa NksVh&NksVh tkudkfj;ksa] muds QksVksxzkQ
,oa xkus dks tqVkus ds fy;s fnu&jkr ,d dj nsrs gSaA ,sls esa vxj
mUgsa eksgEen jQh ij dksbZ iqLrd fey tk;s rks D;k dgukA
vke rkSj ij yksx eksgEen jQh dks csgrjhu xk;d ;k
csgrjhu balku ds :i esa ;kn djrs gSa] tcfd og blls dgha vf/kd
FksA og lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko] /keZfujis{krk ,oa jk"Vªh; v[kaMrk ds
izrhd FksA ,d xk;d dk ewY;kadu xk;d ds :i esa gks] blesa dksbZ
fnDdr ugha gS ysfdu lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko esa mlds ;ksxnkuksa dh
vuns[kh ugha dh tkuh pkfg;sA eksgEen jQh cM+s xk;d Fks vFkok
yrk] fd'kksj] eqds'k ;k dksbZ vU;] bl fo"k; ij yksxksa dh
vyx&vyx jk; gks ldrh gS ysfdu bl ckr ij 'kk;n gh dksbZ
fookn gks fd xk;dksa esa rks D;k] lEiw.kZ fQYeh gfLr;ksa esa lkEiznkf;d
ln~Hkko] /keZfujis{krk vkSj jk"Vªh; v[kaMrk dk lcls cM+k izrhd vxj
dksbZ gS rks og gS eksgEen jQhA ysfdu /keZfujis{k gksus dk nkok djus
okyh ljdkj vkSj lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko dk nkok djus okys jktuhfrd
nyksa ,oa ljdkjh&xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa us bl izrhd dh vuns[kh dj
nhA buls ,d loky iwNus dk eu djrk gS fd lkEiznkf;d ,drk ,oa
/keZfujis{krk ds izrhd ds :i esa muds ikl dkSu&dkSu ls uke gSa vkSj
D;k jQh ds ;ksxnku ,oa Hkkjrh; tuekul ij muds izHkko vU; ukeksa
ls fdlh rjg ls de gaSA vxj ,slk ugha gS rks vkf[kj gj xyh] gj
pkSjkgs] gj laLFkku ,oa gj izfr"Bku dks fdlh u fdlh ds uke ls
tksM+ nsus okys bl ns'k esa dksbZ Lekjd] dksbZ iqLrdky; vkSj dksbZ
laLFkku eksgEen jQh ds uke ls tksM+us ;k muds uke ls dqN LFkkfir
djus ds ckjs esa dksbZ xaHkhj igy D;ksa ugha gq;hA
gkykafd fiNys dqN o"kksZa ds nkSjku jQh ds ;ksxnkuksa dks

le>us dh fn'kk esa dqN dksf'k'ksa gks jgh gSaA ;g iqLrd Hkh blh fn'kk
esa ,d fouez dksf'k'k gS vkSj ;g ikBdksa dks r; djuk gS fd ;g
dksf'k'k fdruh lkFkZd jghA
[kjkc usVofdZax ,oa forj.k O;oLFkk ds dkj.k bl iqLrd dk
igys vkSj nwljs laLdj.k dk leqfpr izpkj&izlkj ugha gks ik;k vkSj
blds dkj.k dbZ yksxksa dks ;g iqLrd gkfly djus ds fy;s dkQh
fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA dbZ yksxksa dks rks nwljs 'kgjksa ;k
dLcksa ls bl iqLrd dks izkIr djus ds fy;s fnYyh vkuk iM+k ;k
fnYyh esa jgus okys fj'rsnkjksa@nksLrksa ds ekQZr eaxkuk iM+kA ;gh ugha
bl iqLrd ds igys vkSj nwljs laLdj.k dh izfr;kasa ds lekIr gks tkus
ds dkj.k dkQh laxhr izsfe;ksa dks ;g iqLrd miyC/k ugha gks ik;hA
bls izkIr djus ds fy;s laxhr izsfe;ksa dks tks fnDdrsa mBkuh iM+ha
mlds fy;s gesa [ksn gSA vc [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd ns'k ds izeq[k
izdk'ku laLFkk us bl iqLrd ds rhljs laLdj.k dks u;s fljs ls
izdkf'kr djus vkSj vius O;kid usVodZ ds tfj;s ns'kHkj esa igqapkus dk
chM+k mBk;k gS vkSj mEehn gS fd bl iqLrd dks gkfly djus esa
fdlh Hkh laxhr izseh dks dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksxhA bl iqLrd ds mnwZ]
caxyk ,oa ey;kye; laLdj.k Hkh izdkf'kr gksus okys gSa ,sls esa fgUnh
ds vykok vU; Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh yksx Hkh ;g iqLrd i<+ ldsaxsA
iqLrd esa igys ,oa nwljs laLdj.k esa jg x;h =kqfV;ksa ,oa
dfe;ksa dks rhljs laLdj.k esa nwj dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj dqN u;h
lkefxz;kaa Mkyh x;h gaSA blds ckotwn ,d ys[kd ds rkSj ij eq>s
yxrk gS fd vHkh Hkh dkQh tkudkfj;ka ,oa lkefxz;ka gSa tks bl
laLdj.k esa Hkh vkus ls jg x;h gaSA bldk ,d dkj.k ,d ys[kd dh
viuh lhek;sa gSaA nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd eksgEen jQh ds fofo/k
vk;keh xk;u ,oa O;fDrRo dks fdlh ,d iqLrd esa lesVuk eqf'dy gh
ugha vlaHko gS] ysfdu vxj laxhr izsfe;ksa dks bl iqLrd dks i<+ dj
jQh ds ckjs esa tkuus dh I;kl FkksM+h lh Hkh cq> ik;s rks eSa viuh
esgur lQy le>waxkA
& fouksn foIyo& fouksn foIyo& fouksn foIyo& fouksn foIyo& fouksn foIyo
vuqØevuqØevuqØevuqØevuqØe
vè;k; % ,d&eksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhrvè;k; % ,d&eksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhrvè;k; % ,d&eksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhrvè;k; % ,d&eksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhrvè;k; % ,d&eksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhr
1- flQj ls f'k[kj rd@12
2- xk;u ds fofoèk vk;ke@28
3- vkokt dh tknwxjh@49
4- esjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhr@54
5- u;s laxhrdkjksa dks lgkjk@89
6- jQh ftudh vkokt cus@98
7- vutkuh lf['k;rksa ds fy;s jQh@107
8- rsjs vkus dh vkl gS ,s nksLr@112
9- xSj&fQYeh xhr@118
10-jQh cuke fd'kksj@120
vè;k; % nks&eksgEen jQh vkSj mudk O;fDrRovè;k; % nks&eksgEen jQh vkSj mudk O;fDrRovè;k; % nks&eksgEen jQh vkSj mudk O;fDrRovè;k; % nks&eksgEen jQh vkSj mudk O;fDrRovè;k; % nks&eksgEen jQh vkSj mudk O;fDrRo
1- balkfu;r dk f'k[kj@125
2- tks fey x;k mlh dks eqdíj le> fy;k@132
3- 'kkSd&,&jQh@137
vè;k; % rhu&pys vkt rqe tgk¡ ls@vè;k; % rhu&pys vkt rqe tgk¡ ls@vè;k; % rhu&pys vkt rqe tgk¡ ls@vè;k; % rhu&pys vkt rqe tgk¡ ls@vè;k; % rhu&pys vkt rqe tgk¡ ls@
1- ge rks peu NksM+ pys@141
2- ;s ftUnxh ds esys@148
3- ge jg x;s vdsys@153
vè;k; % pkj&;knsavè;k; % pkj&;knsavè;k; % pkj&;knsavè;k; % pkj&;knsavè;k; % pkj&;knsa
1- egy mnkl vkSj xfy;k¡ lwuh---@160
2- xhr v'd cu x;s@165
3- rsjs cxSj ftanxh nnZ cuds jg x;h@168
4- rw dgha fny ds vkl&ikl gS nksLr@171
5- esjk HkkbZ eq>ls vyx gks x;k@173
6- fcNM+s lkFkh] rq>s ge ;kn djrs gSa@175
iqjLdkj@179iqjLdkj@179iqjLdkj@179iqjLdkj@179iqjLdkj@179
lanHkZ@180lanHkZ@180lanHkZ@180lanHkZ@180lanHkZ@180

vè;k; % ,dvè;k; % ,dvè;k; % ,dvè;k; % ,dvè;k; % ,d
eksgEen jQheksgEen jQheksgEen jQheksgEen jQheksgEen jQh
vkSjvkSjvkSjvkSjvkSj
muds xhrmuds xhrmuds xhrmuds xhrmuds xhr
flQj ls f'k[kj rdflQj ls f'k[kj rdflQj ls f'k[kj rdflQj ls f'k[kj rdflQj ls f'k[kj rd
iatkc esa ve`rlj ls mÙkj&iwoZ fn'kk esa tkus okyh lM+d ij djhc 25
fdyksehVj pyus ij NksVk lk dLck vkrk gS] ethBkA ogk¡ ls vkxs c<+us
ij eq[; lM+d ij ck;ha rjQ ,d 'kknh?kj gSA blds lkeus ls ,d vkSj
lM+d fudyrh gS] ftl ij nks xk¡o NksM+dj vkxs c<+us ij ,d xk¡o
vkrk gS] dksVyk& lqYrkuflagA ve`rlj rglhy esa iM+us okys bl eqfLye
cgqy xk¡o esa foHkktu ls igys T;knkrj eqfLye ifjokj lqUuh Fks ysfdu
;gk¡ f'k;k leqnk; ds yksx Hkh FksA xk¡o ds lHkh leqnk;ksa ds yksx fey&tqy
dj jgrs Fks vkSj ,d nwljs dk lq[k&nq%[k esa lkFk nsrs FksA yksx ,d&nwljs
ds èkkfeZd lekjksgksa vkSj ioZ&R;kSgkjksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA
gks ldrk gS fd cgqr ls yksxksa ds fy;s bl xk¡o dh dksbZ [kkl
vgfe;r ugha gks ysfdu laxhrizsfe;ksa ds fy;s ;g xk¡o rhFkZ LFkku ls
12 n esjh vkokt+ lqukseksgEen jQh vkSj muds xhr n 11

de egRoiw.kZ ugha gSA blh xk¡o esa 24 fnlacj 1924 dks laxhr ds ,d
flrkjs dk tUe gqvk Fkk] tks vkxs pydj eksgEen jQh ds uke ls
izfl) gqvkA vkt Hkh bl xk¡o esa jQh ds iz'kaldksa dk vkuk&tkuk yxk
jgrk gSA dqN yksx ml txg ij tkdj ueu djrs gSa] tgk¡ mudk
edku Fkk rks dqN yksx ogk¡ dh feêh vius lkFk ys tkrs gSaA
ifjokjifjokjifjokjifjokjifjokj
eksgEen jQh ds firk dk uke gkth eksgEen vyh vkSj ekrk dk ukeeksgEen jQh ds firk dk uke gkth eksgEen vyh vkSj ekrk dk ukeeksgEen jQh ds firk dk uke gkth eksgEen vyh vkSj ekrk dk ukeeksgEen jQh ds firk dk uke gkth eksgEen vyh vkSj ekrk dk ukeeksgEen jQh ds firk dk uke gkth eksgEen vyh vkSj ekrk dk uke
vYykg jD[kh FkkA ;g lqUuh ifjokj FkkA ;g ifjokj [kq'kgky FkkA blvYykg jD[kh FkkA ;g lqUuh ifjokj FkkA ;g ifjokj [kq'kgky FkkA blvYykg jD[kh FkkA ;g lqUuh ifjokj FkkA ;g ifjokj [kq'kgky FkkA blvYykg jD[kh FkkA ;g lqUuh ifjokj FkkA ;g ifjokj [kq'kgky FkkA blvYykg jD[kh FkkA ;g lqUuh ifjokj FkkA ;g ifjokj [kq'kgky FkkA bl
ifjokj dk iwjs xk¡o esa [kkl dj vius leqnk; esa dkQh lEeku FkkA mudsifjokj dk iwjs xk¡o esa [kkl dj vius leqnk; esa dkQh lEeku FkkA mudsifjokj dk iwjs xk¡o esa [kkl dj vius leqnk; esa dkQh lEeku FkkA mudsifjokj dk iwjs xk¡o esa [kkl dj vius leqnk; esa dkQh lEeku FkkA mudsifjokj dk iwjs xk¡o esa [kkl dj vius leqnk; esa dkQh lEeku FkkA muds
firk dk dSVfju dk dke FkkA muds firk xk¡o esa gksus okys R;kSgkjksa vkSjfirk dk dSVfju dk dke FkkA muds firk xk¡o esa gksus okys R;kSgkjksa vkSjfirk dk dSVfju dk dke FkkA muds firk xk¡o esa gksus okys R;kSgkjksa vkSjfirk dk dSVfju dk dke FkkA muds firk xk¡o esa gksus okys R;kSgkjksa vkSjfirk dk dSVfju dk dke FkkA muds firk xk¡o esa gksus okys R;kSgkjksa vkSj
'kknh&fookga ds ekSdksa ij lkr jaxksa esa ytht iqyko cukrs FksA'kknh&fookga ds ekSdksa ij lkr jaxksa esa ytht iqyko cukrs FksA'kknh&fookga ds ekSdksa ij lkr jaxksa esa ytht iqyko cukrs FksA'kknh&fookga ds ekSdksa ij lkr jaxksa esa ytht iqyko cukrs FksA'kknh&fookga ds ekSdksa ij lkr jaxksa esa ytht iqyko cukrs FksA
;g ifjokj ykgkSj esa HkkVh xsV esa jgrk Fkk ysfdu jQh lkgc
us viuh iSnkb'k dksVyk lqYrku flag crk;h gSA crk;k tkrk gS fd
mudh eka dqN le; ds fy;s bl xkao esa vius fj'rsnkj ds ;gka jgus
vk;h FkhA mlh nkSjku eksgEen jQh dk tUe gqvkA
jQh ds cM+s HkkbZ eksgEen nhu dh gtker dh nqdku Fkh] tgk¡
muds cpiu dk dkQh le; xqtjkA og tc djhc lkr lky ds Fks rHkh
muds cM+s HkkbZ us bdrkjk ctkrs gq, vkSj xhr xkrs py jgs ,d Qdhj
ds ihNs&ihNs mUgsa xkrs ns[kkA ;g ckr tc muds firk ds dkuksa rd
igq¡ph rks mUgsa dkQh Mk¡V Hkh iM+hA
dgk tkrk gS fd ml Qdhj us jQh dks vk'khokZn fn;k Fkk fd
og vkxs pydj [kwc uke dek;sxkA ,d fnu nqdku ij vk;s dqN yksxksa
us jQh dks Qdhj ds xhr dks xkrs lqukA og ml xhr dks bl dnj
lèks gq, lqj esa xk jgs Fks fd os yksx mls lqudj vk'p;Z esa iM+ x;sA
jQh ds cM+s HkkbZ lkgc us muds Hkhrj laxhr dh tUetkr izfrHkk dks
igpkuk vkSj og mUgsa xkus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djrs jgsA
tc og djhc 14 lky ds gq, rc mUgksaus xk;d cuus dh bPNk
O;Dr dh] ysfdu muds firk blds l[r f[kykQ FksA ysfdu jQh dh
izfrHkk ls okfdQ muds cM+s HkkbZ us mudh izfrHkk dks csdkj ugha tkus
nsus rFkk mls fu[kkjus dk QSlyk fd;kA lkSHkkX; ls muds cM+s HkkbZ dh
izfl) xk;d mLrkn mLeku [kku vCnqy oghn [kku ls vPNh tku&igpku
FkhA blfy, jQh dks mLrkn mLeku [kku dh 'kkfxZnh gkfly djus esa
dksbZ fnDdr ugha gqbZA ckn esa jQh us iafMr thou yky rFkk mLrkn
cM+s xqyke vyh [kk¡ tSls 'kkL=kh; laxhr ds fnXxtksa ls Hkh laxhr fo|k
lh[khA
lgxy ls igyh eqykdkrlgxy ls igyh eqykdkrlgxy ls igyh eqykdkrlgxy ls igyh eqykdkrlgxy ls igyh eqykdkr
eksgEen jQh ml le; ds e'kgwj xk;d vkSj vfHkusrk dqUnu yky lgxy
ds nhokus Fks vkSj mUgha ds tSlk cuuk pkgrs FksA og mu fnuksa vius
nksLrksa ds ?kjksa vkSj NksVs&eksVs tylksa esa lgxy ds xk;s gq, xhr xkrs
FksA mudk lkSHkkX; jgk fd mlh nkSjku mudh eqykdkr lgxy ls gqbZ
vkSj mudk vk'khokZn Hkh izkIr gqvkA ml le; mudh mez 14&15 o"kZ
dh jgh gksxhA gqvk ;w¡ fd ,d fnu ykgkSj ds ,d lekjksg esa lgxy
xkus okys FksA mUgsa :c: lquus dh mRlqdrk ls jQh Hkh vius HkkbZ ds
lkFk igq¡p x;ssA la;ksx ls lekjksg esa LVst dk ekbd [kjkc gks x;k vkSj
yksxksa us 'kksj epkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA O;oLFkkid ijs'kku Fks fd yksxksa
dks dSls 'kkUr fd;k tk;sA mlh le; jQh ds cM+s HkkbZ O;oLFkkid ds
ikl igq¡pdj muls vuqjksèk djus yxs fd tc rd ekbd Bhd ugha gks
tkrk gS] rc rd yksxksa dks 'kkUr j[kus ds fy;s muds HkkbZ dks xkus dk
ekSdk fn;k tk;sA
O;oLFkkid dks ;g lq>ko ilUn ugha vk;k D;ksafd ekbd ds cxSj
xkuk dksbZ etkd ugha FkkA ijUrq os Hkh dkQh ijs'kku FksA dksbZ nwljk
jkLrk u ns[kdj mUgksaus jQh dks xkus dh btktr ns nhA jQh dh vkokt
dh ;g dlkSVh Fkh] ftl ij og [kjs mrjsA ekbd u jgrs gq, Hkh
mUgksaus xkdj yksxksa dks 'kkUr dj fn;kA ml le; rd lgxy lkgc
Hkh igq¡p x;s FksA og dqrwgy vkSj iz'kalk Hkjh fuxkgksa ls ml NksVs xk;d
dks ns[krs gh jg x;sA jQh ekbd ds cxSj gh viuh cqyUn vkokt esa
xk jgs Fks vkSj lquus okys cjkcj ^oUl eksj* dgdj mudk mRlkg c<+k
jgs FksA brus esa ekbd Bhd gks x;k vkSj lgxy us viuh eèkqj vkokt
esa viuk xkuk 'kq: fd;kA ysfdu blls igys og bl mHkjrs gq, xk;d
dks 'kkck'kh nsuk ugha HkwysA jQh ds flj ij gkFk j[kdj vk'khokZn nsrs
gq, mUgksaus dgk&^^blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd ,d fnu rqEgkjh vkokt nwj&nwj
14 n esjh vkokt+ lquksflQj ls f'k[kj rd n 13

rd QSysxhA**
ckn esa jQh dks laxhrdkj Qhjkst futkeh ds ekxZn'kZu esa ykgkSj
jsfM;ks ij xkus dk ekSdk feykA ogka ls mUgsa izflf) feyh vkSj og
ykgkSj fQYe m|ksx esa viuh txg cukus dh dksf'k'k djus yxsA
mlh le; jQh dh 'kknh fj'rs esa cgu yxus okyh c'khju ls gqbZA
;g 'kknh dksVyk&lqYrkuflag esa gqbZA ml le; jQh dh mez 20 lky
FkhA bl 'kknh ls mUgsa ,d csVk Hkh gqvk FkkA csVs dk uke lbZn j[kk
x;k FkkA ckn esa jQh lkgc tc cEcbZ esa fQYe laxhr esa LFkkfir gks
x;s rc mUgksaus lbZn dks yanu Hkst fn;k vkSj ogha og cl x;sA
tc jQh lkgc ykgkSj esa Fks rHkh ml le; ds e'kgwj laxhrdkj
';ke lqUnj vkSj 'kh"kZ vfHkusrk vkSj fuekZrk ukflj [kku ls jQh dh
eqykdkr gqbZA mUgksaus muds xkuksa dks lquk vkSj mUgsa cEcbZ vkus dk
fuea=.k fn;kA
eksgEen jQh us bl ckjs esa ,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgk Fkk] ^ukflj
[kku us eq>s cacbZ ys tkdj fQYeh xk;d cukus ds fy;s vCcktku ls
btktr ek¡xhA ysfdu vCcktku us blls ,dne bUdkj dj fn;k] D;ksafd
og xk;dh dks bLyke fojksèkh ekurs FksA tc ukflj [kku bl izLrko
ij vM+s jgs rks esjss cM+s HkkbZ us vCcktku dks eq>s cEcbZ tkus nsus ij jkth
dj fy;kA esjs vCcktku dkQh uk uqdqj ds ckn fQYeh xk;dh dks esjk
is'kk cukus ij jkth gks x;sA*
mUgha fnuksa laxhrdkj ';ke lqUnj us iatkch fQYe xqycykspxqycykspxqycykspxqycykspxqycyksp esa
thur ds lkFk xkus dk ekSdk fn;kA ;g xkuk 28 Qjojh] 1941 dks
fjdkMZ gqvkA bl rjg jQh us xqycykspxqycykspxqycykspxqycykspxqycyksp ds ^lksfu;suh] ghfj,uh rsjh ;kn
us vku lrk;k* xhr ds lkFk ik'oZxk;u ds {ks=k esa dne j[kkA bl
iatkch xkus dks [kwc feyhA ';ke lqanj us jQh lkgc dh izfrHkk ls
izHkkfor gksdj mUgsa cEcbZ pyus dks dgkA jQh lkgc us Hkh cEcbZ tkus
dk bjknk dj fy;k vkSj cM+h eqf'dy ls vCck ls bldh btktr Hkh
fey x;hA jQh lkgc ds HkkbZ eksgEen nhu us vius djhch nksLr gkehn
ds lkFk cEcbZ Hkstk] tks mez esa jQh lkgc ls dkQh cM+s Fks ysfdu mudh
xk;u izfrHkk ds dk;y FksA
cEcbZ esa la?k"kZcEcbZ esa la?k"kZcEcbZ esa la?k"kZcEcbZ esa la?k"kZcEcbZ esa la?k"kZ
jQh lkgc cEcbZ rks igq¡p x;s ysfdu ;gka vkus ij irk pyk fd ;g
Mxj fdruh eqf'dy gSA muds ikl iSls Hkh cgqr de FksA os ?kj ls
rfd;s ds nks [kksyksa esa puk Hkj yk;s Fks vkSj dbZ fnuksa rd puk [kkdj
gh xqtkjk djrs jgsA mUgsa eksgEen vyh jksM ij fizalsl fcfYMax esa jgus
dk fBdkuk fey x;kA ;g la?k"kZ dk nkSj FkkA dke dh ryk'k esa ;s
nksuksa ,d LVwfM;ks ls nwljs LVwfM;ks iSny HkVdrs jgrs FksA dHkh dksjl
esa xkus dk ekSdk fey tkrkA vDlj os jkr esa jsyos LVs'ku ij fdlh
csap ij lks tkrs Fks vkSj pus [kkdj xqtkjk djrs FksA la?k"kZ ds bUgha
fnuksa ds chp mUgsa ';ke lqanj us nwljk ekSdk fn;k vkSj fgUnh fQYe
xkao dh xksjhxkao dh xksjhxkao dh xksjhxkao dh xksjhxkao dh xksjh esa ,d xhr vth fny gks dkcw esa rks fnynkj dh ,slhvth fny gks dkcw esa rks fnynkj dh ,slhvth fny gks dkcw esa rks fnynkj dh ,slhvth fny gks dkcw esa rks fnynkj dh ,slhvth fny gks dkcw esa rks fnynkj dh ,slh
rSlhrSlhrSlhrSlhrSlh xkus dks fn;kA ;g mudk igyk fgUnh xhr Fkk ftls mUgksaus xk;dxkus dks fn;kA ;g mudk igyk fgUnh xhr Fkk ftls mUgksaus xk;dxkus dks fn;kA ;g mudk igyk fgUnh xhr Fkk ftls mUgksaus xk;dxkus dks fn;kA ;g mudk igyk fgUnh xhr Fkk ftls mUgksaus xk;dxkus dks fn;kA ;g mudk igyk fgUnh xhr Fkk ftls mUgksaus xk;d
th ,l nqjkZuh vkSj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xk;k FkkAth ,l nqjkZuh vkSj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xk;k FkkAth ,l nqjkZuh vkSj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xk;k FkkAth ,l nqjkZuh vkSj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xk;k FkkAth ,l nqjkZuh vkSj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk xk;k FkkA
ukS'kkn dk lkFkukS'kkn dk lkFkukS'kkn dk lkFkukS'kkn dk lkFkukS'kkn dk lkFk
jQh lkgc ftl fizalsl fcfYMax esa fdjk;s ij jgrs Fks] mlh fcfYMax esa
jgus okys fljktqn~nhu dh y[kum esa jgus okyh ,d fj'rsnkj dh ml
le; ds e'kgwj laxhrdkj ukS'kkn ds firk okfgn vyh lkgc ls
tku&igpku FkhA bl rjg ls jQh lkgc dks okfgn vyh lkgc ls
ukS'kkn ds uke ,d flQkfj'k fpV~Bh fey x;hA i=k esa dgk x;k Fkk
fd ;g O;fDr csgn [kwclwjr vkokt dk ekfyd gS vkSj mls xkus dk
ekSdk fn;k tk;sA bl i= dks ysdj jQh lkgc vkSj gkfen HkkbZ ukS'kkn
lkgc ls feyus dkjnkj LVwfM;ks igqap x;sA
ukS'kkn us ,d lk{kkRdkj esa jQh ls viuh eqykdkr ds ckjs esa
crk;k Fkk fd ^^eSaus ml ;qod ls ,d&nks xkus lqus vkSj mlls dkQh
izHkkfor gqvkA eSaus mlls dgk fd og ,d fnu cM+k xk;d cusxkA mls
eSaus laidZ cuk;s j[kus dh lykg nhA 'kq:&'kq: esa eSaus ml ;qod dks
dksjl esa xkus ds ekSds fn;sA ,d ,slk gh dksjl gS&^fgUnksLrku ds ge
gSa] fgUnksLrku gekjk gS*A**
jQh us ukS'kkn dks vius ifjp; ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa gh crk;k
Fkk fd og lgxy ds iz'kald gSa vkSj mudh reUuk gS fd og muds
lkFk dksbZ xkuk xk;saA ukS'kkn mu fnuksa fQYe 'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡ ds fy;s dke
dj jgs FksA ;g lgxy ds vkf[kjh fnuksa dh fQYeksa esa ls ,d FkhA

ukS'kkn us bl fQYe ds ,d xhr esa mUgsa lgxy ds lkFk xkus dk ekSdk
fn;kA jQh dks dsoy nks ykbusa xkuh Fkha&^esjs liuksa dh jkuh---:gh] :gh]
:gh*A bl xkus dh i`"BHkwfe dqN bl rjg dh gS&lqgSy uked dfo
¼lgxy½ bl xhr ds tfj;s :gh uke dh ,d lqUnjh ¼ftldh Hkwfedk
lyek vkxk dh ek¡ us dh Fkh½ ds :i dk c[kku dj jgk gSA dfo ds
bl xkus ds dkj.k ml lqUnjh dh [kwclwjrh dh [;kfr pkjksa vksj QSy
tkrh gS vkSj jfld yksx ml xhr dks xkus yxrs gSaA fQYe esa mUgha
jfldksa esa ls ,d jfld dks bl xkus dh vkf[kjh nks iafDr;ksa dks xkrs
fn[kk;k tkrk gS vkSj ;gh nks iafDr;k¡ jQh us xk;h gSA bl fQYe esa
jQh lkgc us ml xkus esa ,d NksVh lh Hkwfedk Hkh dhA
ukS'kkn us blds ckn 1946 esa jQh dh vkokt esa vueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+h dk
,d xhr fjdkMZ djk;k&^rsjk f[kykSuk VwVk ckyd] rsjk f[kykSuk VwVk*A
bl fQYe esa lqjS;k] lqjsUnz vkSj uwjtgk¡ us vfHku; fd;k Fkk rFkk rhuksa
us xkus Hkh xk;s FksA ;g vius le; dh lQyre laxhre; izse dgkuh
FkhA jQh dh vkokt okyk xhr fQYe esa usiF; xku dh 'kSyh esa fQYek;k
x;k FkkA
igyh dke;kchigyh dke;kchigyh dke;kchigyh dke;kchigyh dke;kch
lu~ 1947 esa fQYe tqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuw esa Qhjkst futkeh us jQh ls ,d dksjl xkuk
vfHku; ds lkFk xok;kA cksy Fks ^oks viuh ;kn fnykus dks*A ;g xkuk
èkeky fdLe dk gksrs gq, Hkh csgrjhu rtZ dh otg ls yksxksa dks ilUn
vk;k ysfdu tc blh fQYe esa uwjtgk¡ ds lkFk ^;gk¡ cnyk oQk dk
csoQkbZ ds flok D;k gS* ;qxy xhr fjdkMZ djus dk le; vk;k] rc
Qhjkst futkeh drjkus yxsA gkyk¡fd og jQh vkSj mudh {kerk ls
Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr Fks] fQj Hkh ,d u;s xk;d dks uwjtgk¡ tSlh izfrf"Br
xkf;dk ds lkFk xokus esa mUgsa fgpfdpkgV gks jgh FkhA jQh ij mudk
tks fo'okl Fkk] og bl xkus ds le; yM+[kM+kus yxkA jQh dh txg
fdls yk;k tk;s ryr egewn dks ykus dk loky gh ugha Fkk] D;ksafd
rc rd mudh fQYeksa esa Li"V igpku ugha cu ik;h FkhA eqds'k fQV
cSB ldrs Fks] lqjsUnz vFkok th- ,e- nqjkZuh dks Hkh yk;k tk ldrk FkkA
futkeh lkgc my>u esa FksA tc mUgksaus ;g ckr uwjtgk¡ dks crk;h]
rc uwjtgk¡ us jQh dks ekSdk nsus ds fy, dgkA og 1945 esa fQYe
thurthurthurthurthur esa jQh ds lkFk ,d ;qxy xhr xk pqdh FkhaA gkyk¡fd ;g xhr
mruk yksdfiz; ugha gqvk Fkk ysfdu og mudh izfrHkk igpku pqdh FkhaA
blds vykok mUgksaus xk¡o dh xksjhxk¡o dh xksjhxk¡o dh xksjhxk¡o dh xksjhxk¡o dh xksjh fQYe esa jQh dks lquk Fkk vkSj og
muls dkQh izHkkfor FkhaA mUgksaus futkeh ls dgk] ^^vki ,slh xyrh u
djsaA vkidk Mj cscqfu;kn gSA vki mls ekSdk nsdj rks nsf[k;sA ;g
yM+dk lkjs fganqLrku dks fgyk nsxkA**
uwjtgk¡ ds dgus ij futkeh lkgc dqN fi?kys vkSj bl xkus ds
fy, Hkh jQh dks gh ekSdk fn;kA jQh us uwjtgk¡ tSlh cstksM+ xkf;dk
ds lkFk ;g vej ;qxy xhr xkdj bldh lqUnjrk ,oa eèkqjrk esa pkj
pk¡n yxk fn;sA nksuksa esa ekuks eèkqj lqj NsM+us dh gksM+ yxh FkhA ,slk
yx jgk Fkk fd uwjtgk¡ jQh dk bErgku ysrs gq, mudh dyk dk ,d
u;k vk;ke futkeh lkgc ds lkeus j[k jgh gksaA bl xhr esa Hkko vkSj
vkokt dh eqyk;fe;r dk izn'kZu jQh us uwjtgk¡ dh cjkcjh esa fd;k
gSA ¼lkFk gh d#.kHkko ds izn'kZu ds ekeys esa jQh dh dyk uwjtgk¡ ds
lkeus [kjh mrjh gSA½ jQh ds ckjs esa uwjtgk¡ dk vUnktk lgh fudykA
lHkh tkurs gSa fd bl xhr us ns'k Hkj esa dSlk rgydk epk fn;k FkkA
lQyrk dk f'k[kjlQyrk dk f'k[kjlQyrk dk f'k[kjlQyrk dk f'k[kjlQyrk dk f'k[kj
jQh dh bu vkjafHkd dke;kfc;ksa ds ckotwn ukS'kkn mudh vkokt dk
bLrseky fQYeksa esa uk;dksa ds fy;s djus esa drjkrs jgsA ;gh dkj.k Fkk
fd mUgksaus fQYe vuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnk ds lkjs xhr eqds'k ls xok;sA blh rjg
mUgksaus fQYe esykesykesykesykesyk esa Hkh jQh dks dsoy 'kh"kZd xhr&^;s ftUnxh ds
esys* xkus dks fn;k vkSj fnyhi dqekj ij fQYek;s x;s 'ks"k lHkh xhr
eqds'k ls xok;s ysfdu esyk dks ftl xhr ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS]
og xhr ^;s ftUnxh ds esys* gh gSA ;g xhr u dsoy jQh ds vej
xhrksa esa cfYd fQYe laxhr bfrgkl ds lcls yksdfiz; xhrksa esa ls ,d
gSA bl xhr ds Hkko] 'kCn vkSj rtZ mPpdksfV ds FksA jQh ds vljnkj
Loj us bl xhr dks vej cuk fn;kA ukS'kkn mu fnuksa ml le; ds
izfl) vfHkusrk ';ke dqekj ij fQYek;s xhrksa ds fy;s eqds'k dks viukrs
Fks ysfdu og chp&chp esa jQh dks ekSds nsuk ugha Hkwyrs FksA
bl chp jQh laxhrdkjksa dh igyh tksM+h gqLuyky&Hkxrjke ds
laidZ esa vk;sA bl tksM+h us viuh vkjafHkd fQYeksa I;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thr] cM+hcM+hcM+hcM+hcM+h

cgucgucgucgucgu vkSj ehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkj esa jQh dh vkokt dk Hkjiwj bLrseky fd;kA jQh
dh vkokt ';ke dqekj ij fQV cSBhA blds ckn rks ukS'kkn dks Hkh
fnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxh esa uk;d dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs ';ke dqekj ds fy;s jQh dh
vkokt dk gh bLrseky djuk iM+kA mUgksaus jQh dh vkokt esa bl fQYe
ds nks xhr&^rsjs dwps esa vjekuksa dh nqfu;k ys ds vk;k gw¡* vkSj ^bl
nqfu;k esa ,s fny okyksa] fny dk yxkuk [ksy ugha* xok;sA ;s nksuksa xhr
[kkl dj ^rsjs dwps esa vjekuksa dh nqfu;k* ns'kHkj esa [kwc yksdfiz; gq,A
jQh us bu xhrksa ds lkFk u dsoy ik'oZ xk;u esa viuk ,d LFkku cuk
fy;k cfYd ukS'kkn ds laxhr dks Hkh ,d u;k vk;ke fn;kA
jQh ds xk;s 'kq#vkrh xhrksa dh yksdfiz;rk ls izHkkfor gksdj ukS'kkn
us pk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkr esa jQh dh vkokt dk fQj bLrseky fd;kA bl fQYe
esa ml le; dh mHkjrh gqbZ xkf;dk yrk eaxs'kdj us ml le; ds
izfl) xk;d th- ,e- nqjkZuh ds lkFk rFkk ';ke dqekj us vehj ckbZ
dukZVdh ds lkFk ;qxy xhr xk;sA exj jQh vkSj 'ke'kkn ds xk;s
;qxy xhr ^dSls cts fny dk flrkj* rFkk ,dy xhr ^fny gks mUgsa
eqckjd tks fny dks <wa<rs gSa* dgha vfèkd yksdfiz; gq,A
blds ckn cuh cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk] tks fQYe laxhr bfrgkl dh fljekSj
fQYe ekuh tkrh gSA bl fQYe us jQh dks lQyrk ds f'k[kj ij fcBk
fn;kA ukS'kkn us bl fQYe ds dqy xhrksa esa ls nks xhr izfl) 'kkL=kh;
xk;d mLrkn vehj [kk¡ lkgc vkSj ,d xhr Mh- oh- iyqLdj ls xok;kA
'ks"k xhr ;k rks jQh ds xk;s gq, Fks ;k jQh&yrk ds ;qxy Lojksa esa FksA
fQYe funsZ'kd fot; Hkê dks jQh dh ;ksX;rk vkSj yksdfiz;rk ij mruk
Hkjkslk ugha FkkA blfy;s fQYe ds fjyht gksus ij mlds iksLVjksa esa
vehj [kk¡ lkgc vkSj iyqLdj ds uke izpkfjr fd;s x;s ysfdu n'kZd rks
jQh ds xk;s ^rw xaxk dh ekSt* vkSj ^vks nqfu;k ds j[kokys* gh xquxquk
jgs FksA
foHkktu ds cknfoHkktu ds cknfoHkktu ds cknfoHkktu ds cknfoHkktu ds ckn
lu~ 1947 esa Hkkjr dk caVokjk gqvkA jQh vkSj muds xq# cM+s xqyke
vyh [kk¡ Hkkjr esa gh jgsA fQYe mBks tkxksmBks tkxksmBks tkxksmBks tkxksmBks tkxks esa jQh us îzse dh uS;k
Mksy jgh gS* xk;kA fQYe nks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZ esa jQh dk mnkl fdarq eèkqj xkuk
gS] ftlds cksy gSa ^nqfu;k esa esjs vkt vaèksjk gh vaèksjk*A bldk laxhr
,l- Mh- ceZu us fn;k FkkA blh o"kZ lh- jkepUnz us lktulktulktulktulktu esa jQh ls
nks xkus xok;s] ftuds cksy Fks&^gedks rqEgkjk gh vkljk* vkSj ^vks ckcw]
xyh esa rsjh] pk¡n pedk*A bu xkuksa dk jQh us iwjk Qk;nk mBk;k vkSj
bUgsa bl <ax ls xk;k fd og yksdfiz;rk ds f'k[kj ij tk cSBsA blh
fQYe esa jQh ds dqN èkeky xhr Hkh Fks] tks mUgksaus yfyrk nsÅydj
¼QM+ds½ vkSj xhrk jkW; ¼nÙk½ ds lkFk xk;s FksA bUgha xhrksa esa jQh dk
xk;k ,dy xhr ^vks ckcw] xyh esa rsjh] pk¡n pedk* Hkh FkkA
lu~ 1948 esa jQh us esykesykesykesykesyk ds vykok 'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn] I;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thr vkSj
'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt tSlh fQYeksa esa Hkh xhr xk;sA 'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn esa mudk xk;k gqvk
ns'kHkfDr xhr ôru dh jkg esa* dkSu Hkwy ldrk gS jQh dk ekuuk
Fkk fd blh xhr ds lgkjs og lgh ek;us esa lQyrk dh lh<+h p<+dj
Åij vk;s ysfdu vusd yksxksa dk fo'okl gS fd jQh dh fdLer dk
flrkjk I;kj dh thr ¼laxhrdkj&gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½ ds xhr ^bd fny
ds VqdM+s gtkj gq,] dksbZ ;gk¡ fxjk dksbZ ogk¡ fxjk* ls pedkA ;g ckr
lgh gS fd bl xkus us ml le; dh ;qok ih<+h ij dkQh vlj NksM+kA
ml le; ;g xhr xyh&xyh esa lqukbZ nsrk FkkA bl xhr dh yksdfiz;rk
dk vkye ;g Fkk fd 'kkfn;ksa eas cSaM okys bls [kwc ctkrs FksA
ledkyhu xk;dksa ds chpledkyhu xk;dksa ds chpledkyhu xk;dksa ds chpledkyhu xk;dksa ds chpledkyhu xk;dksa ds chp
lu~ 1949 ls ml le; ds rhu izeq[k ik'oZxk;dksa&ryr] eqds'k vkSj
jQh esa gksM+ lh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA eqds'k] lgxy dh rjg xk;d ds
lkFk&lkFk vfHkusrk cuus ds lius ns[k jgs Fks vkSj mUgksaus blds fy,
foKkiu Hkh tkjh fd;k Fkk] exj ckr cu ugha ikbZA ryr Hkh ghjks cuus
dh dksf'k'k dj jgs Fks ysfdu mUgksaus ik'oZxk;u lss ukrk rksM+us dk
fopkj dHkh ugha fd;kA jQh us 'kq: esa ekewyh iz;Ru djus ds ckn
vfHku; ls rkSck dj yh FkhA o"kZ 1949 ls jQh dks vfèkd xkus feyus
yxs] exj og tekuk Hkkoiw.kZ laxhr dk FkkA blfy, ryr viuh e[keyh
vkokt ds cy ij jQh dh rqyuk esa dkQh de xhr xkdj Hkh viuk
fLkDdk tek;s gq, FksA ryr us ,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgk Fkk&^êsjs xkus
Hkys gh de jgs gksa ysfdu os lHkh lQy jgs gSaA 'kk;n gh dksbZ xkuk
foLe`fr dh [kkbZ esa x;k gksA**

jQh dk opZLojQh dk opZLojQh dk opZLojQh dk opZLojQh dk opZLo
lu~ 1950 esa vkèkh jkrvkèkh jkrvkèkh jkrvkèkh jkrvkèkh jkr] vk¡[ksavk¡[ksavk¡[ksavk¡[ksavk¡[ksa] ckcqyckcqyckcqyckcqyckcqy] ckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSu] fcjg dh jkrfcjg dh jkrfcjg dh jkrfcjg dh jkrfcjg dh jkr] chohchohchohchohchoh]
cjlkrcjlkrcjlkrcjlkrcjlkr] csdlwjcsdlwjcsdlwjcsdlwjcsdlwj] NksVh HkkHkhNksVh HkkHkhNksVh HkkHkhNksVh HkkHkhNksVh HkkHkh] nkLrkunkLrkunkLrkunkLrkunkLrku] xkSukxkSukxkSukxkSukxkSuk] ehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkjehuk cktkj] fujkykfujkykfujkykfujkykfujkyk vkfn
fQYesa iznf'kZr gqb±A muesa ls dbZ fQYeksa esa jQh dks xkus ds ekSds feysA
muesa jQh ds xk;s vusd xkus ilUn Hkh fd;s x;s ysfdu blds ckotwn
og vius ledkyhu xk;dksa esas oPkZLo LFkkfir ugha dj ik;sA ml le;
ds nks vU; izeq[k xk;dksa&eqds'k vkSj ryr ds xk;s gq, xhr eèkqj vkSj
Hkkoiw.kZ gksus ds dkj.k yksxksa dks yqHkk jgs Fks ysfdu bu nksuksa xk;dksa
dh dqN lhek;sa FkhaA nksuksas jQh dh rjg lHkh rjg ds xhr xkus esa leFkZ
ugha Fks vkSj bldk Qk;nk mUgsa feykA jQh us lu~ 1951 esa lHkh fdLe
ds xhr xkdj èkwe epkbZA jQh dh cgqvk;keh laxhr izfrHkk dk tokc
de ls de ryr ds ikl ugha FkkA
ml tekus ds lHkh laxhr funsZ'kd tku x, fd jQh fdlh Hkh
izdkj ds xhr xkus dh dkcfy;r j[krs gSaA ml le; ds laxhrdkj Hkh
pkgrs Fks fd gj rjg ds xhr xk ldus okyk yrk dh cjkcjh dk dksbZ
iq#"k xk;d Hkh gksA jQh ds :i esa mUgsa ,slk iq#"k xk;d fey x;kA
bu laxhrdkjksa dks ;g ekywe gks x;k fd vkokt dks rhljs lIrd rd
mBkus dk dke dsoy jQh gh dj ldrs gSaA
xhrksa dk [ktkukxhrksa dk [ktkukxhrksa dk [ktkukxhrksa dk [ktkukxhrksa dk [ktkuk
fofHkUu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa eksgEen jQh ds ckjs esa Nis ys[kksa ,oa fjiksVks±
rFkk vusd baVjusV lkbVksa esa bl ckr dk vDlj ftØ gksrk gS fd jQh
us 10 gtkj ls vfèkd xkus xk;s FksA dqN LFkkuksa ij ;g la[;k 26
gtkj rd Hkh crk;h tkrh gSA ysfdu jQh }kjk de ls de pkj gtkj
925 fQYeh ,oa xSj fQYeh xhr xkus ds iDds izek.k feyrs gSaA
fgUnh fQYeh xkuksa ds ladyu dk ftu bDds&nqDds yksxksa us dke
fd;k gS] muesa gjeafnj flag ^gejkt* dk uke izeq[k gSA mUgksaus fgUnh
fQYeh xhrksa dk ladyu dj mUgsa xhr dks'k ds uke ls ik¡p [kaMksa esa
izdkf'kr fd;kA bu [kaMksa esa 1931 ls ysdj 1980 rd dh lHkh fgUnh
fQYeksa ds xhrksa dk ladyu gSA
dqN yksxksa us xhr dks'k ds bu ik¡p [kaMksa ,oa eksgEen jQh ds
xhrksa ds nks vU; ladyuksa ds vkèkkj ij ;g x.kuk dh gS fd jQh us
4]525 ¼pkj gtkj ik¡p lkS iPphl½ fgUnh fQYeh xkus xk;sA jQh ds
xhrksa ds tks ladyu miyCèk gSa] muesa ,d vthr izèkku vkSj izhre es?kk.kh
dk gS vkSj nwljk bdcky xkue~ vkSj vkflQ cD'kh dk gSA bu nksuksa
ladyuksa ds vuqlkj jQh us fgUnh fQYeksa ds vykok xSj&fgUnh fQYeksa
esa Hkh djhc 400 xhr xk;sA bUgsa feykdj jQh }kjk xk;s dqy xkuksa dh
la[;k pkj gtkj ukS lkS iPphl cSBrh gSA
jQh us 1944 ls ysdj 31 tqykbZ 1980 rd tks fgUnh fQYeh xkus
xk;s muesa ls yxHkx lHkh dk ladyu gejkt ds xhr dks'k esa fd;k x;k
gS ysfdu blds ckn Hkh ;g laHko gS fd muds }kjk xk;s x;s dqN xkus
xhr dks'k esa ntZ gksus ls jg x;s gksaA bl ckr dh laHkkouk vfèkd gS fd
bl xhr dks'k esa ntZ gksus ls NwV x;s jQh ds xkuksa dh la[;k ik¡p ls ipkl
rd gks ldrh gSA fQYe vjc dk flrkjkvjc dk flrkjkvjc dk flrkjkvjc dk flrkjkvjc dk flrkjk] ckuwckuwckuwckuwckuw vkSj gokbZ [kVksykgokbZ [kVksykgokbZ [kVksykgokbZ [kVksykgokbZ [kVksyk uked
fQYeksa esa jQh us tks lkr xkus xk;s Fks mudk ftØ gejktgejktgejktgejktgejkt ds xhr dks'k
esa ugha gSA gkyk¡fd bu lkrksa xkuksa dk ftØ jQh lkgc ds xhrksa ds nks
ladyuksa esa gSA
njvly xkuksa dh la[;k dks ysdj fookn dh fLFkfr u dsoy eksgEen
jQh ds lkFk cfYd yrk eaxs'kdj] vk'kk Hkksalys] fd'kksj dqekj rFkk
vU; xk;dksa ds lkFk Hkh gSA ;g dgk tkrk gS fd yrk eaxs'kdj us chl
gtkj xkus xk;s gSa ysfdu laxhr ij 'kksèk djus okys fo'okl us:jdj
us yrk eaxs'kdj }kjk xk;s fgUnh fQYeh xhrksa dh la[;k ik¡p gtkj
vLlh crk;h gSA vxj bu xhrksa ds lkFk xSj&fgUnh xhrksa dks Hkh tksM+
fy;k tk;s rks ;g la[;k Ng ls lk<+s Ng gtkj cSBrh gSA dsoy vk'kk
Hkksalys ds ekeys esa bl ckr ds izek.k gSa fd mUgksaus vkB gtkj ls vfèkd
fgUnh xkus xk;s gSaA vxj muds }kjk xk;s x;s vU; xSj fgUnh xhrksa dks
Hkh 'kkfey dj fy;k tk;s rks ;g la[;k nl gtkj ds vklikl igq¡p
ldrh gS ;k mls ikj dj ldrh gSA tgk¡ rd nks vU; ejgwe
xk;dksa&fd'kksj dqekj ,oa eqds'k&}kjk xk;s xkuksa dk loky gS rks fd'kksj
dqekj }kjk nks gtkj ukS lkS xhr rFkk eqds'k }kjk ,d gtkj xhr xkus
ds izek.k feyrs gaSA
jk"Vªh;rk ls vksrizksrjk"Vªh;rk ls vksrizksrjk"Vªh;rk ls vksrizksrjk"Vªh;rk ls vksrizksrjk"Vªh;rk ls vksrizksr

vkt tc ns'k esa èkeZ ,oa lEiznk; ds uke ij naxs ,oa >xMs+ gks jgs gSa]
eksgEen jQh dks ;kn djuk vkSj Hkh t:jh gks tkrk gS] tks loZèkeZ
leHkko ds ,d etcwr izrhd Fks vkSj ftUgksaus êu rM+ir gfj n'kZu dks
vkt* ¼cStw ckojk½¼cStw ckojk½¼cStw ckojk½¼cStw ckojk½¼cStw ckojk½ tSlk Hktu bl rUe;rk ls xk;k fd vkt Hkh lquus
okys Hkko foHkksj gks tkrs gSaA
jQh us jk"VªHkfDr ,oa fganqLrku ls izse dk mRd`"V mnkgj.k is'k
fd;kA uwjtgk¡] Qhjkst futkeh vkSj fulkj okTeha tSlh mudh ledkyhu
vusd 'kf[l;rsa ikfdLrku pyh xbZa] ysfdu mUgksaus Hkkjr NksM+us dh
ugha lksphA bruk gh ugha] jQh us lHkh xk;dksa dh rqyuk esa lcls
vfèkd la[;k esa ns'kHkfDr xhr xk;s gSaA ôru is tks fQnk gksxk*] ^dj
pys ge fQnk* vkSj ^viuh vktknh dks ge gjfxt feVk ldrs ugha*
tSls jQh ds xk;s ns'kHkfDr xhrksa ds cxSj vkt Hkh 'kk;n gh dksbZ jk"Vªh;
lekjksg iwjk gks ik;sA jQh us tuojh 1948 esa egkRek xk¡èkh dh gR;k
ds ,d ekg ckn xk¡èkh dks J)katfy nsus ds fy;s gqLuyky&Hkxrjke ds
laxhr funsZ'ku esa jktsnz d`".k jfpr&^lquks&lquks ,s nqfu;k okyksa] ckiw dh
;s vej dgkuh* xhr xk;k] ftls lqudj iafMr tokgj yky usg: dh
vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw vk x;s FksA Hkkjr&ikd ;q) ds le; jQh Hkkjrh; lSfudksa
vkSj vke turk dks LQwfrZ nsus okys xhr xkrs jgsA ;g lc 'kk;n
ikfdLrku dh ljdkj dks xokjk ugha FkkA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd
nqfu;k ds yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa vius dk;ZØe nsus okys eksgEen jQh
ikfdLrku esa dksbZ dk;ZØe ugha dj ik;sA
mrkj&p<+komrkj&p<+komrkj&p<+komrkj&p<+komrkj&p<+ko
Hkkjrh; fQYe laxhr ds Lo.kZ dky ds nkSjku eksgEen jQh dh yksdfiz;rk
dk flrkjk dHkh ean ugha gqvk tcfd mudh eqds'k] eUuk Ms vkSj ryr
egewn tSls csgrjhu xk;dksa ls dM+h pqukSrh FkhA gkykafd 70 ds n'kd
esa 1971 ls 1976 rd dbZ dkj.kksa ls mudk opZLo detksj iM+ x;kA
lu~ 1969 esa fQYe vkjkèkukvkjkèkukvkjkèkukvkjkèkukvkjkèkuk ds xhrksa êsjs liuksa dh jkuh* vkSj ^:i rsjk
eLrkuk* ds lqijfgV gksus ds ckn fd'kksj dqekj ml le; ds T;knkrj
laxhrdkjksa vkSj vfHkusrkvksa ds ilanhnk xk;d cu x;s vkSj dqN le; ds
fy, jQh i`"BHkwfe esa pys x;sA ehfM;k us bl dky dks jQh ds fy,
eanh dky ¼yhu ihfj;M½ dh laKk nh FkhA bl nkSjku gkykafd muds
xk;s gq;s xhrksa dh la[;k de jgh ysfdu muds xhrksa dh xq.koRrk ,oa
mudh yksdfiz;rk esa dksbZ deh ugha vk;hA jQh us bl nkSjku Hkh viuk
LFkku ikus dk iz;Ru tkjh j[kk vkSj dkQh gn rd lQy Hkh gq,A jQh
,dek=k ,sls xk;d gSa] tks i`"BHkwfe esa tkus ds ckn ,d ckj fQj mHkj
dj vk;sA ge fdlh ls de ughage fdlh ls de ughage fdlh ls de ughage fdlh ls de ughage fdlh ls de ugha vkSj ySyk etu¡wySyk etu¡wySyk etu¡wySyk etu¡wySyk etu¡w ds fjyht gksus ds ckn
mUgksaus ,d ckj fQj viuh {kerk dk yksgk euok;k vkSj ,d ckj fQj
f'k[kj ij igqap x;sA
1971 ls 1976 ds nkSjku jQh ds vLFkk;h ^mrkj* ds dbZ dkj.k
FksA 70 dk n'kd u;s iz;ksxksa] u;s laxhrdkjksa vkSj ifjorZuksa dk dky
FkkA bl n'kd esa jks'ku] t;fd'ku] enu eksgu vkSj lfpu nso ceZu
tSls laxhrdkj dk fu/ku gks pqdk Fkk( ukS'kkn ,oa vks ih uS;j tSls
laxhrdkjksa dh lfdz;rk dkQh de gks x;h Fkh( y{ehdkar&I;kjsyky]
dY;k.kth&vkuanth] vkj Mh ceZu vkSj jkts'k jks'ku tSls laxhrdkjksa dh
u;h ikS/k dk mn; gks pqdk Fkk( fQYe laxhr ij dkQh gn rd
O;kolkf;drk gkoh gks pqdh Fkh vkSj laxhr ds izfr u;h ih<+h dk Lokn
vkSj fetkt cny pqdk FkkA bu dkj.kksa ls fQYe laxhr dk okrkoj.k
dkQh cny x;k FkkA bu ifjfLFkfrtU; ifjorZuksa ds vykok [kqn jQh
lkgc us ikfjokfjd] /kkfeZd ,oa O;fDrxr dkj.kksa ls djhc pkj lky ds
fy, vius vki dks fQYe laxhr ls vyx dj fy;k FkkA njvly jQh
lkgc dks gt ;k=kk ds nkSjku fdlh us dg fn;k fd xk;dh iki gSA
bl ckr ls og bruk fopfyr gq;s fd mUgksaus xkuk can dj fn;k vkSj
vius ,d csVs ds lkFk jgus ds fy, yanu pys x;sA muds ifjokj okyks
us tc mUgsa dkQh le>k;k rc og fQYe laxhr esa okil vk;s ysfdu
fQYeh nqfu;k esa fnu&jkr pyus okyh xyk dkV izfrLi/kkZ ls okfdQ
yksx tkurs gSa fd fQYeh nqfu;k fdlh dk yacs le; rd bartkj ugha
djrhA chrs fnuksa ds laxhrdkj vkseh ds 'kCnksa esa] ^^fQYe m|ksx ls rhl
fnu vuqifLFkr jgus dk eryc gS fd vki rhu lky ds fy, fQYeksa
ds ckgj gks x;sA**
jQh lkgc tc nksckjk fQYe laxhr dh nqfu;k esa ykSVs rks dkQh
nsj gks pqdh FkhA mudh xSj ekStwnxh esa fd'kksj dqekj] jkts'k [kUuk vkSj
vkj Mh ceZu us Vhe cuk yh vkSj jQh lkgc dh vuqifLFkfr esa fd'kksj
dqekj ds fy, vius vki dks LFkkfir djuk vklku gks x;kA ,sls le;

esa jQh dks fQYeh xhr feyus de gks x;s vkSj mUgksaus [kqn dks izkbosV
vyceksa vkSj LVst dk;Zdzeksa rd lhfer j[kkA
dgus dks dgk tk ldrk gS fd 1971 ls 1976 dk le; muds fy,
O;kolkf;d rkSj ij [kjkc jgk ysfdu mUgksaus blh ^eanh dky* esa ^rqe
tks fey x;s gks* tSls vusd vfoLej.kh; xhr xk;s] ftudh udy djuk
vkt ds xk;dksa ds fy, dfBu pqukSrh gSA mUgksaus blh nkSjku fQYe xhr
xkrk py esa vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk ^';ke vfHkekuh*] ySyk etuwa esa ^;s
rks nhokus dh ftn gS* vkSj fQYe egcwc dh esagnh esa jkts'k [kUuk ij
fQYek;s ^;s tks fpyeu gS* tSls xhr xk;sA
1971 ls 1976 ds nkSjku ,d vkSj ifjorZu ;g gqvk fd fQYeh
Mkal ds dsUnz ls 'kEeh diwj gV x;s vkSj mudh txg ftrsUnz us ys yhA
blds ckotwn jQh ^fdruk I;kjk oknk* tSls xhrksa ds tfj;s yksxksa ds
fnyksa ij Nk;s jgsA blh nkSj esa mUgksaus fQYe xSEcyj esa nsokuan ij
fQYek;k xhr ^esjk eu esjk I;klk* xk;kA ;g ugha jQh us 70 ds n'kd
ds laHkor% lcls lqanj xhr dks vkokt nh Fkh& 1976 esa fjyht gqbZ
fQYe 'kadj gqlSu esa ^dgha ,d eklwe] uktqd lh yM+dh*A
vkSj var----vkSj var----vkSj var----vkSj var----vkSj var----
gkyk¡fd jQh 31 tqykbZ 1980 dks vius volku ds le; rd
xkrs jgs ysfdu igys tSls Js"B xhr ugha ns ik;sA bldh otg ;g Hkh
gks ldrh gS fd u;s laxhrdkj jQh dh izfrHkk dk oSlk bLrseky ugha
dj lds tSlk ukS'kkn] enu eksgu] ,l- Mh- ceZu] 'kadj&t;fd'ku vkSj
jks'ku tSls laxhrdkjksa us fd;k FkkA vkt ds dkuQksMw ,oa 'kksjHkjs laxhr
ds nkSj esa Hkh gj u;k vkSj LFkkfir xk;d vius dks jQh dh rjg dk
xk;d dgykus ij lEekfur eglwl djrk gS ysfdu lPpkbZ rks ;g gS
fd vkt rd dksbZ ,slk Qudkj iSnk ugha gqvk] tks mudh rjg eèkqj lqj
ygjh ds tknw ls yksxksa dks engks'k dj ldsA ;g dkQh vk'p;Ztud
gS fd ,d vjc dh tula[;k okys ns'k esa vkt rd ,slk dksbZ xk;d
ugha [kkstk tk ldk] tks mlh Js"Brk ds lkFk xkus dh {kerk j[krk gks]
ftl Js"Brk ds lkFk jQh xk;k djrs FksA jQh dh e`R;q ij yrk dh
izfrfØ;k Fkh fd fQYe laxhr dk ,d ;qx lgxy ds lkFk lekIr gqvk
vkSj jQh ds lkFk nwljk ;qx Hkh lekIr gks x;kA
xk;u ds fofoèk vk;kexk;u ds fofoèk vk;kexk;u ds fofoèk vk;kexk;u ds fofoèk vk;kexk;u ds fofoèk vk;ke
cgqeq[kh laxhr izfrHkk ds èkuh eksgEen jQh us laxhr ds ml f'k[kj dks
gkfly fd;k] tgk¡ rd dksbZ Hkh xk;d igq¡p ugha ik;kA mudh vkokt+
ds vk;keksa dh dksbZ lhek ugha FkhA ef)e v"Ve Loj okys xhr gksa ;k
cqyUn vkokt+ okys ^;kgw* 'kSyh ds xhr] og gj rjg ds xhr xkus esa
ekfgj FksA mUgksaus Hktu] xty] dOokyh] ns'kHkfDr xhr] nnZ Hkjs rjkus]
tks'khys xhr] lqxe ,oa 'kkL=kh; laxhr rFkk xSj fQYeh xkus iwjh egkjFk
ds lkFk xk;s vkSj gj mez] gj oxZ vkSj gj #fp ds yksxksa dks viuh
vkokt+ ds tknw esa ck¡èkkA
mUgksaus u dsoy vfHkusrkvksa] cfYd fHk[kkfj;ksa] 'kjkfc;ksa] Qsjhokyksa vkSj
dkWesfM;uksa tSls ik=kksa ij fQYek;s xhr Hkh xk;sA jQh ds xhr lqudj
fQYe ns[ks cxSj fQYe esa ml xhr dh i`"BHkwfe vkSj ml xhr dks xkus
okys ik=k dh eu%fLFkfr dk vUnktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA lgxy ds

30 n esjh vkokt+ lquksxk;u ds fofo/k vk;ke n 29
ckn jQh ,dek=k xk;d Fks] tks lcdh ilUn ds xk;d cusA mudh
vlhfer xk;u {kerk dk vkye ;g Fkk fd mUgksaus jkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuh] ckxhckxhckxhckxhckxh] 'kgtknk'kgtknk'kgtknk'kgtknk'kgtknk
vkSj 'kjkjr'kjkjr'kjkjr'kjkjr'kjkjr tSlh fQYeksa esa vfHkusrk&xk;d fd'kksj dqekj ij fQYek;s
x;s xhr xk;sA
d#.k xk;ud#.k xk;ud#.k xk;ud#.k xk;ud#.k xk;u
eksgEen jQh ij d#.k jl dh vfHkO;fDr dh lgxy dh 'kSyh dk vlj
ns[kk tk ldrk gS ysfdu vkxs pydj mUgksaus bl 'kSyh dks ,d O;kid
vk;ke fn;kA lgxy dh vkokt d#.k jl esa <y x;h FkhA mudh ;g
[kkfl;r FkhA lgxy ds d#.k xhrksa dks lqudj yxrk Fkk ekuks dksbZ
fof'k"V vFkok egku O;fDr vius jat dks 'kCn:i ns jgk gksA ysfdu
jQh us d#.k Hkkoksa dks ,d lkekU; O;fDr dh rjg vfHkO;Dr djus dk
rjhdk viuk;k vkSj mudk ;g lhèkk rjhdk lkekU; yksxksa ds fnyksa rd
igq¡pkA
lu~ 1947 esa cuh fQYe tqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuw dk ^;gk¡ cnyk oQk dk csoQkbZ
ds flok D;k gS* xkrs le; jQh ij lgxy dk dkQh vlj FkkA mUgksaus
d#.k jl dh vfHkO;fDr dh viuh [kkl 'kSyh dh 'kq:vkr 1947 esa gh
cuh nks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZnks HkkbZ ds lkFk dh FkhA bl fQYe ds xhr ^nqfu;k esa esjh vkt
vaèksjk gh vaèksjk* esa Hkh gkyk¡fd lgxy 'kSyh dh Nki ns[kh tk ldrh
gS ysfdu 1948 esa fjyht gqbZ I;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thrI;kj dh thr ¼laxhr&gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½
esa jQh dh [kkl 'kSyh iwjh rjg mHkjdj lkeus vkbZ gSA bl fQYe esa
^bd fny ds VqdM+s gtkj gq,* xkrs le; jQh igyh ckj fllfd;k¡
Hkjrs&Hkjrs vke vkneh dh rjg jksus yxrs gSaA
lu~ 1949 esa ckiw dh vej dgkuhckiw dh vej dgkuhckiw dh vej dgkuhckiw dh vej dgkuhckiw dh vej dgkuh ¼laxhr&gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½
fQYe iznf'kZr gqbZA blesa jQh dk d#.k Loj esa xk;k gqvk xhr ^lquks
lquks ,s nqfu;k okyksa] ckiw dh ;s vej dgkuh* Hkh Fkk] ftls yksxksa us
HkfDrHkko ds lkFk xzg.k fd;kA bl xhr us yksdfiz;rk ds ekeys esa ^bd
fny ds VqdM+s gtkj gq,* dks Hkh ekr ns nhA fQYe cM+h cgucM+h cgucM+h cgucM+h cgucM+h cgu
¼laxhr&gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½ esa jQh dk xk;k xhr êqgCcr ds èkks[ks esa
dksbZ u vk;s* ;qok n'kZdksa ds fnyksa dks Nw x;kA gqLuyky&Hkxrjke dh
tksM+h us gh fQYe rjaxrjaxrjaxrjaxrjax esa mudh vkokt esa ^gS dke eqgCcr dk* ¼,dy½
vkSj ^tjk rqeus ns[kk* ¼yrk ds lkFk ;qxy xhr½ tSls mPp dksfV ds
xhr fn;sA ikjlikjlikjlikjlikjl ¼laxhr&xqyke eqgEen½ esa ^fny dh yxh us gedks*
xhr Hkh mlh Lrj dk FkkA
d#.k xhrksa ds xkus dh jQh dh [kkl 'kSyh dh >yd ^vksssssss---,s fny
rq>h dks uhaan u vkbZ* vkSj êqgCcr esa [kqnk xqtjs* ¼fQYe&'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt'kkgukt]
laxhr funsZf'kdk&lqizfl) xkf;dk vehjckbZ dukZVdh½] ^vdsys esa*
¼fQYe&chohchohchohchohchoh] laxhrdkj&[k¸;ke½] ^geus nnsZ fny dks reUuk cuk fn;k*
¼fQYe&nnsZ fnynnsZ fnynnsZ fnynnsZ fnynnsZ fny] laxhrdkj&vkj-lh- cksjky½] ^VwVs gq, [okcksa us*
fQYe&eèkqerheèkqerheèkqerheèkqerheèkqerh] laxhrdkj& lfyy pkSèkjh½] ^;kn u tk,* ¼fQYe&fnyfnyfnyfnyfny
,d eafnj,d eafnj,d eafnj,d eafnj,d eafnj] laxhrdkj&'kadj t;fd'ku½] ^lkFkh u dksbZ eafty*
¼fQYe&cEcbZ dk ckcwcEcbZ dk ckcwcEcbZ dk ckcwcEcbZ dk ckcwcEcbZ dk ckcw] laxhrdkj&,l- Mh- ceZu½] ôks tc ;kn vk,*
¼fQYe&ikjlef.kikjlef.kikjlef.kikjlef.kikjlef.k] laxhrdkj&y{ehdkUr& I;kjsyky½] ^fny dh yxh us
gedks* ¼fQYe&ikjlikjlikjlikjlikjl] laxhrdkj&xqyke eksgEen½] ^D;k ls D;k gks x;k*
¼fQYe&xkbMxkbMxkbMxkbMxkbM] laxhrdkj&,l- Mh- ceZu½] êSa ftUnxh esa gjne jksrk gh
jgk gw¡* ¼fQYe&cjlkrcjlkrcjlkrcjlkrcjlkr] laxhrdkj&'kadj&t;fd'ku½] êSaus pk¡n vkSj flrkjksa
dh reUuk* ¼fQYe&pUnzdkUrkpUnzdkUrkpUnzdkUrkpUnzdkUrkpUnzdkUrk] laxhrdkj&,u- nÙkk½] ^feyh [kkd esa
eqgCcr* ¼fQYe&pkSngoha dk pk¡npkSngoha dk pk¡npkSngoha dk pk¡npkSngoha dk pk¡npkSngoha dk pk¡n] laxhrdkj&jfo½ rFkk û fdlh dh
vk¡[k dk uwj gw¡* ¼fQYe&yky fdykyky fdykyky fdykyky fdykyky fdyk] laxhrdkj&,l- ,u- f=kikBh½ tSls
xhrksa esa Hkh fey tkrh gSA d#.k jl dh bl rjg ds Å¡ps ntsZ dh
vfHkO;fDr ge vkSj dgk¡ ikrs gSa
paxst[kkupaxst[kkupaxst[kkupaxst[kkupaxst[kku esa ^tks gksuk fy[kk Fkk* ¼laxhr&galjkt cgy½] lsgjklsgjklsgjklsgjklsgjk
esa ^rdnhj dk Qlkuk] tkdj fdls lquk,¡a* ¼laxhr&jkeyky½] lu vkWQlu vkWQlu vkWQlu vkWQlu vkWQ
bafM;kbafM;kbafM;kbafM;kbafM;k esa ^ftUnxh vkt eq>s* ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ vkSj uhydeyuhydeyuhydeyuhydeyuhydey esa ^ckcqy
dh nqvk,¡* ¼laxhr&jfo½ tSls xhr Hkh jQh dh [kkl d#.k 'kSyh ds
mnkgj.k gSaA
jQh us d#.k jl dh vfHkO;fDr ,d vkSj u;s vUnkt eas djus dk
lkgl fn[kk;kA vkokt dks rhljs lIrd rd p<+kdj mUgksaus vkSj vU;
xk;dksa ls vyx <ax ls d#.k xhr xkdj ,d vuks[kk jkLrk vf[r;kj
dj fy;kA felky ds rkSj ij nhnkjnhnkjnhnkjnhnkjnhnkj esa êsjh dgkuh Hkwyus okys*
¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ vkSj [kkst[kkst[kkst[kkst[kkst esa ^pUnk dk fny VwV x;k* ¼laxhr&fulkj
okTeh½ xkuksa dk mYys[k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g dguk vfr'k;ksfDr
ugha gksxh fd fulkj okTeh dk tUe 'kk;n blh xhr ds fy, gqvk FkkA
muds nwljs xkus pyrkÅ fdLe ds gSaA

32 n esjh vkokt+ lquksxk;u ds fofoèk vk;ke n 31
pk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkrpk¡nuh jkr esa ukS'kkn ds laxhr funsZ'ku esa jQh dk xk;k nnZ Hkjk
xhr ^fny gks mUgsa eqckjd* dkQh yksdfiz; lkfcr gqvkA bl xhr ds
vUr esa jQh us vkokt Å¡ph dj nh FkhA ysfdu Å¡ph vkokt esa xkus
dk iz;kl mUgksaus blls igys fQYe cktkjcktkjcktkjcktkjcktkj esa ';ke lqUnj ds laxhr
funsZ'ku esa ^;g gS nqfu;k dk cktkj*] ^'kghnks rqedks esjk lyke* vkSj
^vks tkus okys pk¡n* tSls xhrksa esa fd;kA njvly jQh us ftl xhr esa
igyh ckj Å¡ps lqj esa xk;k Fkk] og Fkk êsjs Hkxoku rw eq>dks*A ;g
xhr vPNs laxhr vkSj csgrjhu xk;dh dk uewuk Fkk] fQj Hkh u tkus
D;ksa vkSj dSls] ;g xkuk foLe`fr dh [kkbZ esa yqIr gks x;kA blesa êsjs
Hkxoku* 'kCnksa esa bLrseky dh xbZ èofu ckn esa xwatus okys cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk
¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ ds xhrksa dh uhao eglwl gks ldrh gSA cktkjcktkjcktkjcktkjcktkj fQYe esa
jQh ds nks vizfre ;qxy xhr Fks&^viuh utj ls nwj oks* vkSj ^,s eqgCcr
muls fdrus*A bu xhrksa esa ';ke lqUnj dh [kkl d#.k jl dh 'kSyh
gS] tks muds ykgkSj okys xkuksa esa ik;h tkrh gSA
fnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxh esa ukS'kkn ds xhrksa us lpeqp deky dj fn;kA fnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxh
ds xkus 1949 ds loZJs"B xkuksa esa fxus tk ldrs gSaA vuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnkvuks[kh vnk esa
eqds'k }kjk xk;s ukS'kkn ds xhr ^Hkwyus okys ;kn u vk* dh ;kn fnykus
okyk xhr fnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxhfnYyxh esa Hkh Fkk ^bl nqfu;k esa ,s fnyokyksa] fny dk yxkuk
[ksy ugha*A jQh bl xhr esa&^gk; js vks csnnZ tekus*] ^yk[k lrk, I;kj
ds nq'eu*] vkSj ^Hkwy ldsaxs mudks u ge* tSlh iafDr;ksa dks nks&nks ckj
xk;k gSA jQh tc bu iafDr;ksa dks nksgjkrs gSa rks budh vuwBh lqUnjrk
vkSj fu[kj vkrh gSA
bl fQYe esa ,d vkSj yksdfiz; xhr gS&^rsjs dwps esa vjekuksa dh
nqfu;k ys ds vk;k gw¡*A bl xkus esa Hkh iafDr;ksa dk nksgjko dkQh jliw.kZ
yxrk gSA ;s lHkh xkus lgxy dh 'kSyh ds gSa ysfdu jQh us bu
xkuksa esa viuh tku Mky nh gSA fQYe fnYYkxhfnYYkxhfnYYkxhfnYYkxhfnYYkxh esa ';kedqekj us Hkh
lnkcgkj xhr xk;s gSa ijUrq jQh ds bu nksuksa Lof.kZe xhrksa ds vkxs
mudk fVd ikuk vlaHko FkkA
nk'kZfud xhrnk'kZfud xhrnk'kZfud xhrnk'kZfud xhrnk'kZfud xhr
^rsjk f[kykSuk VwVk ckyd* tSlk lqUnj xhr fQYe vueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+h
¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa ,d Qsjhokyk xkrk gSA jQh us ml xhr dks d#.k
jl dh [kwclwjrh ls ltk;k gSA esykesykesykesykesyk ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa jQh ,d nk'kZfud
ds :i esa xkrs gSa&^;s ftUnxh ds esys] nqfu;k esa de u gksaxsA vQlksl
ge u gksaxsA* fQYe vQlkukvQlkukvQlkukvQlkukvQlkuk ¼laxhr&gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½ dk Hkh ^nqfu;k
,d dgkuh js Hk¸;k* xhr vkSj jsyos IysVQkeZjsyos IysVQkeZjsyos IysVQkeZjsyos IysVQkeZjsyos IysVQkeZ ¼laxhr&enu eksgu½ dk
^cLrh&cLrh] icZr&icZr* dqN blh rjg ds xhr gSaA
jQh us eèkqckyk >osjh ds lkFk eksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egy ¼laxhr&galjkt cgy½
esa viuk vej lans'k fn;k Fkk&^tk,xk tc ;gk¡ ls dqN Hkh u ikl
gksxk*A fQYe nksLrhnksLrhnksLrhnksLrhnksLrh esa ¼laxhr&y{ehdkUr&I;kjsyky½ og vkids nq%[kksa
ij ejge yxkdj BaMd igq¡pkrs gSa&^jkgh euok nq%[k dh fpUrk D;w¡
lrkrh gS* ?kj lalkj?kj lalkj?kj lalkj?kj lalkj?kj lalkj ¼laxhr&jfo½ esa mudh ulhgr Fkh&^Hkyk djus
okys HkykbZ fd;s tk] cqjkbZ ds cnys nqvk,¡ fn;s tkA* cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk
¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa jQh us balku dks balku cuus dh lh[k nh FkhA blh
rtZZ ij xk;s gq, cgqr xhr gSaA ysfdu jQh us lpeqp dk deky fn[kk;k
gS fQYe HkkHkhHkkHkhHkkHkhHkkHkhHkkHkh ¼laxhr&fp=kxqIr½ ds ^py mM+ tk js iaNh* xhr esaA
fdruk xgjk vFkZ Hkjk gS bl xkus esaA jQh us bl xhr ds gj 'kCn ds
lkFk cjkcj U;k; fn;k gSA fp=kxqIr us ftu dqN fQYeksa esa d.kZfiz; ,oa
vFkZiw.kZ xhr fn;s gSa] muesa ;g xkuk yktokc gSA ,slk gh xhr fQYe
iwtkiwtkiwtkiwtkiwtk ¼laxhr&'kadj t;fd'ku½ esa ^py&py js eqlkfQj* fxuk tk ldrk
gSA fQYe opuopuopuopuopu ¼laxhr&vksih- uS;j½ esa ^,d iSlk ns nks ckcw* ykpkjh
dk [kkl uewuk is'k djrk gSA
Hktu vkSj HkfDr xhrHktu vkSj HkfDr xhrHktu vkSj HkfDr xhrHktu vkSj HkfDr xhrHktu vkSj HkfDr xhr
jQh us Hktuksa dks bl HkfDriw.kZ rjhds ls xk;k gS fd ukfLrd Hkh mUgsa
lqudj izHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa
êu rM+ir gfj n'kZu dks vkt* vkSj ^nqfu;k ds j[kokys*] lu~ 1954 ds
vejvejvejvejvej ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa ^balkQ dk eafnj gS*] rqylhnklrqylhnklrqylhnklrqylhnklrqylhnkl ¼laxhr&fp=kxqIr½
esa ^jgw¡ dSls eSa rqedks fugkjs fcuk* vkSj ^dgk¡ fNis gks jktk jke] eq>s
viuh 'kj.k esa ys yks jke* tSls HkfDr xhrksa dks D;k dksbZ Hkqyk ik;sxk
buesa ls ^viuh 'kj.k esa* lar rqdkjke ds fo".kq iar ix.khl ds HkfDrjl
dh ;kn cjkcj fnykrh gSA
lu~ 1955 esa jQh us f'koHkDrf'koHkDrf'koHkDrf'koHkDrf'koHkDr ¼laxhr&vksih- uS;j½ ds Hktu
viuh [kkl 'kSyh esa xkdj Jksrkvksa dh iz'kalk izkIr dhA bl fQYe dk

fQYe I;klkI;klkI;klkI;klkI;klk Lo- xq#nÙk dh dyk dk ,d [kkl uewuk rks Fkh gh]
ysfdu vFkZiw.kZ xkuksa ls Hkh mldh yksdfiz;rk esa pkj pk¡n yx x,A ;g
fQYe vPNh dgkuh] csgrjhu xkus rFkk lnkcgkj laxhr dk laxe FkhA
^;s dwps] ;s uhyke ?kj* vkSj ^;s egyksa] ;s r[rksa] ;s rktksa dh nqfu;k*&nks&nks
Hkkxksa esa xk, bu xhrksa ls jQh us ekuks lekt dh lM+h&xyh O;oLFkk
dh rjQ b'kkjk fd;k vkSj vkf[kj esa vkokt mBk;h&^ftUgsa ukt gS fgaan
ij oks dgk¡ gSa*A
I;klkI;klkI;klkI;klkI;klk ds ckn xq#nÙk dh ,d vU; fQYe dkxt ds Qwydkxt ds Qwydkxt ds Qwydkxt ds Qwydkxt ds Qwy esa jQh
dk ^ns[kh tekus dh ;kjh* vfr lqUnj xhr lquus dks feyrk gSA ceZu
nk dh ;g laxhr&jpuk fQYeh thou dh {k.kHk¡xqj dke;kch dk etkd
mM+krh gSA laxhr funsZ'kd ,l- ,u- f=kikBh us fQYe yky fdykyky fdykyky fdykyky fdykyky fdyk esa
cgknqj'kkg tQj dh dqN xtyksa dks jQh ls xokdj vej dj fn;kA ;s
xtyssa gSa&û fdlh dh vk¡[k dk uwj gw¡* vkSj ^yxrk ugha gS th esjk*A
gchc oyh eqgEen ¼dey jkW;½ us Hkh ^yxrk ugha gS* bl <ax ls xk;k
gS ekuks vius vkils xquxqukdj f'kdk;r dj jgs gksaA
;kgw 'kSyh;kgw 'kSyh;kgw 'kSyh;kgw 'kSyh;kgw 'kSyh
rwQkuh xhr xkus esa jQh ekfgj FksA bl {ks=k esa mudh fd'kksj dqekj
ds lkFk tcnZLr gksM+ gqbZA mUgksaus 'kq: esa gh viuh bl {kerk dh
cnkSyr eUuk Ms dks vklkuh ls ekr ns nhA
rwQkuh xhrksa dh 'kq:vkr mUgksaus tqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuwtqxuw ls dhA ml fQYe esa dkWyst
tkus okys ;qodksa dk xkuk ôg viuh ;kn fnykus dks* xkrs le; jQh
dk Loj dkQh [kqyk gqvk izrhr gksrk gSA fQYe Qs;j iqjLdkj lekjksgksa
esa Hkh og [kqyh vkokt esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs xk;k djrs FksA mudk LFkk;h Hkko
vkuUn&mYykl dk FkkA ukS'kkn ds laxhr funsZ'ku esa nkLrkunkLrkunkLrkunkLrkunkLrku esa lqjS;k
ds lkFk jQh ds xk;s gq, ^rjjh rjjh* vkSj ^gqIih* tSls xhr dkQh yksdfiz;
lkfcr gq,A <ksyd<ksyd<ksyd<ksyd<ksyd ¼laxhr&';ke lqUnj½ vkSj gYyk&xqYykgYyk&xqYykgYyk&xqYykgYyk&xqYykgYyk&xqYyk esa mUgksaus
blh rjg ds xhr xk;sA fQYe lhvkbZMhlhvkbZMhlhvkbZMhlhvkbZMhlhvkbZMh ¼laxhr&vksih- uS;j½ esa ^;s gS
ckEcs esjh tku* dkWesfM;u tkWuh okdj ij fQYek;k x;k gSA ;g xhr
dkQh le; rd yksx xquxqukrs jgsA fQYe feLVj ,DlfeLVj ,DlfeLVj ,DlfeLVj ,DlfeLVj ,Dl ¼laxhr&,u-
nÙkk½ esa jkWd&,u&jksy Vkbi xhr ^yky yky* FkkA dkyh Vksih ykydkyh Vksih ykydkyh Vksih ykydkyh Vksih ykydkyh Vksih yky
:eky] fny ns ds ns[kks] rqelk ugha ns[kk] fny rsjk nhokuk:eky] fny ns ds ns[kks] rqelk ugha ns[kk] fny rsjk nhokuk:eky] fny ns ds ns[kks] rqelk ugha ns[kk] fny rsjk nhokuk:eky] fny ns ds ns[kks] rqelk ugha ns[kk] fny rsjk nhokuk:eky] fny ns ds ns[kks] rqelk ugha ns[kk] fny rsjk nhokuk vkfn fQYeksa
Hktu êq>s rks f'ko&'kadj fey x;s* ;qok laxhrdkj vksih- uS;j ds fy;s
LQwfrZnk;h fl) gqvkA mUgksaus 1956 esa fQYe mLrknmLrknmLrknmLrknmLrkn esa dqN ,slh gh
rtZ esa ^tku lds rks tkus* jQh ls gh xok;kA ;g Hktu Hkh dkQh eèkqj
gSA mlh o"kZ vksih- uS;j us fQYe u;k nkSju;k nkSju;k nkSju;k nkSju;k nkSj dk Hktu ^vkuk gks rks
vk* mudh vkokt esa izLrqr fd;kA ;g Hktu ?kaVkukn dh ;kn fnykrk
gSA vkxs pydj jQh us yrk ds lkFk fQYe fel esjhfel esjhfel esjhfel esjhfel esjh ¼laxhr&gseUr
dqekj½ esa ôànkou dk d`".k&dUgS;k* xk;k] tks dkQh yksdfiz; gqvkA bu
Hktuksa ds vykok jQh ukfr;k dOokfy;ka ¼bLykeh Hktu½ Hkh vPNh [kklh
la[;k esa xk;h gSaA
ns'kHkfDr xhrns'kHkfDr xhrns'kHkfDr xhrns'kHkfDr xhrns'kHkfDr xhr
jQh ds ns'kHkfDr xhrksa us yksxksa ds eu esa jk"Vª izse dh Hkkouk txkus
esa [kkl Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gSA mUgksaus laxhr funsZ'kd xqyke gSnj ds 'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn
esa igyk ns'kHkfDr xhr xk;kA bl fQYe esa ml tekus ds izfrf"Br
xk;d [kku eLrkuk ds lkFk mudk xk;k mudk xhr ôru dh jkg esa*
vR;Ur yksdfiz; gqvkA ;g dguk xyr ugha gksxk fd fdLerfdLerfdLerfdLerfdLer
¼laxhr&vfuy fc'okl½ ds ^nwj gVks* ds ckn LQwfrZ nsus okyk ;gh ,dek=k
xhr FkkA jQh us lu~ 1948 dh tuojh esa ^lquks&lquks ,s nqfu;k okyks]
ckiw dh ;s vej dgkuh* ¼laxhr& gqLuyky&Hkxrjke½ pkj Hkkxksa esa xk;kA
blh o"kZ cktkjcktkjcktkjcktkjcktkj ¼laxhr&';ke lqUnj½ ds jQh ds xk;s xhr ^'kghnks rqedks
esjk lyke* us Hkh dkQh èkwe epkbZ FkhA
fQYe >k¡lh dh jkuh>k¡lh dh jkuh>k¡lh dh jkuh>k¡lh dh jkuh>k¡lh dh jkuh esa laxhr funsZ'kd olar nslkbZ us jQh dk
lgh mi;ksx fd;kA ml fQYe dk ^vej gS >k¡lh dh jkuh* xhr fo'ks"k
mYys[kuh; gSA ysfdu blls Hkh csgrjhu xhr gS&fQYe tkx`frtkx`frtkx`frtkx`frtkx`fr esa gseUr
dqekj ds laxhr funsZ'ku esa mudk xk;k xhr ^ge yk;s gSa rwQku ls
d'rh fudky ds*A ;g xhr yksxksa ij xgjk vlj dj x;kA ia- f'kojke
us vehjh&xjhch fo"k; ij Å¡ph gosyhÅ¡ph gosyhÅ¡ph gosyhÅ¡ph gosyhÅ¡ph gosyh fQYe esa ,d lhèkh&lknh rtZ ij
xhr cuk;k ^nkSyr ds >wBs u'ks esa gks pwj*A jQh ds xk;s bl xhr dks
dkQh ilUn fd;k x;kA fQYe u;k vknehu;k vknehu;k vknehu;k vknehu;k vkneh esa nf{k.kh laxhrdkjksa&fo'oukFk
vkSj jkeewfrZ us dbZ d.kZfiz; ,oa eèkqj èkqusa ck¡èkh Fkha] ftuesa ls dqN muds
Hkh fgLls esa vkb±A muesa ls ,d&^xjhcksa dk ilhuk cg jgk gS* xkuk
dkQh Å¡ps ntsZ dk gSA

eUuk Ms ds lkFk ^;s b'd b'd gS* vkSj ûk rks dkjoka dh ryk'k gS*
fQYe lkèkuklkèkuklkèkuklkèkuklkèkuk ¼laxhr&,u- nÙkk½ esa cychj ds lkFk ^vkt D;wa gels inkZ
gS*] fQYe ikydhikydhikydhikydhikydh ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa eUuk Ms vkSj vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk
êSa bèkj tkÅ¡ ;k mèkj tkÅ¡*] fQYe nknknknknknknknknknk ¼laxhr&m"kk [kUUkk½ esa 'kSysUnz
flag ds lkFk însZ esa dksbZ cSBk gS inkZ djds*] g¡lrs t[eg¡lrs t[eg¡lrs t[eg¡lrs t[eg¡lrs t[e ¼laxhr&enu
eksgu½ esa cychj ds lkFk ^;s ekuk esjh tka*] èkekZèkekZèkekZèkekZèkekZ ¼laxhr&lksfud vkseh½
esa vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk ^jkt dh ckr dg nw¡ rks* vkSj ge fdlh ls dege fdlh ls dege fdlh ls dege fdlh ls dege fdlh ls de
ughaughaughaughaugha esa vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk ^ge fdlh ls de ugha*] dOokyh dh jkr
esa ^dOokyh dh jkr*] vej vdcj ,aFkuh esa _f"k diwj ij fQYek;h
dOokyh înkZ gS inkZ gS* vkSj ^f'kjMh okys*] cgw csxe esa ^vc tka cyc
gwa* vkSj ôkfdQ gwa [kwc* vkSj fQYe /kekZ esa êSa rsjk xqukgxkj gwa* 'kkfey
gSA ;g mYys[k djuk equkflc gksxk fd ;g fQYe nks dOokfy;ksa êSa
rsjk xqugxkj gwa* vkSj ^jkt dh ckr dg nwa* dh cnkSyr fgV gq;hA
fQYe vf/kdkj dh dOokyh ^thuk rks gS mlh dk*] pkanh lksuk esa eUUkk
Ms ds lkFk xk;h dOOkkyh ^bd 'kks[k glhuk ls*] fQYe ,d eqlkfQj ,d
glhuk esa vk'kk ds lkFk ^bZjku geus ns[kk* vkSj ySyk etuwa esa ^;s nok
vkt* Hkh jQh dh fgV dOokfy;ksa esa 'kkfey gSA
vPNk dOoky gksus ds fy, lgh mPpkj.k] mPp Loj ,oa rsth ls xkus
dh {kerk] lqjhyh vkokt] yacs le; rd lkal jksdus rFkk lgxk;dksa ds
lkFk rkyesy j[kus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg;sA ;g {kerk eksgEen jQh
vkSj eUuk Ms esa FkhA ysfdu vkt jQh lkgc ugha gSaA eUuk Ms vkSj
egsUnz diwj lU;kl ys pqds gSaA vk'kk Hkksalys vc ikWi xk;u esa O;Lr gks
pqdh gSaA ekStwnk ih<+h ds xk;d dOokfy;ksa xkus esa v{ke gSaA vkt dOokfy;ksa
ds fy, csgrjhu /kqusa cukus okys jks'ku tSls laxhrdkj ugha gSaA u;s
laxhrdkj vPNh dOokyh rks nwj] dksbZ <ax ds xhr cuk ysa muds fy,
;gh dkQh gSA ,sls esa ekStwnk fQYeksa esa dOOkkfy;ksa ds xk;c gks tkus dk
dkj.k lkQ le> esa vkrk gSA fQj Hkh gekjs ikl jQh lkgc dh xk;h
gq;h dOokfy;ksa dk ,slk [ktkuk gS] tks dHkh [kRe ugha gksxkA
'kkL=kh; xk;u'kkL=kh; xk;u'kkL=kh; xk;u'kkL=kh; xk;u'kkL=kh; xk;u
laxhr ds gjQuekSyk jQh 'kkL=kh; xhr&laxhr esa Hkh ekfgj FksA yrk
eaxs'kdj dh jk; esa lHkh fdLe ds xhr xkus okyk loZJs"B gks tkrk gSA
esa jQh ds rwQkuh xhr gSa] ftudh dkQh ppkZ gqbZA I;klkI;klkI;klkI;klkI;klk ¼laxhr&,l-
Mh- ceZu½ esa paih ekfy'k okyk xhr ^lj tks rsjk pdjk;s* Hkh dkQh
yksdfiz; gqvkA vkt Hkh ,fizy Qwy,fizy Qwy,fizy Qwy,fizy Qwy,fizy Qwy vkSj flaxkiqjflaxkiqjflaxkiqjflaxkiqjflaxkiqj tSlh fQYeksa ds uV[kV
vUnkt esa muds xk;s xkus ;gk¡&ogk¡ lqukbZ nsrs gSaA fQYe taxyhtaxyhtaxyhtaxyhtaxyh
¼laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½ ds ^;kgw* vFkok fQYe izksQsljizksQsljizksQsljizksQsljizksQslj
¼laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½ ds ^lwdw&lwdw* tSls xhrksa dks Hkwy ikuk D;k
laHko gS
dOokyhdOokyhdOokyhdOokyhdOokyh
jQh dOoky ugha gksus ds ckotwn vlyh dOokyksa ls Hkh ljl dOokyh
xkrs Fks] blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gSA cjlkr dh jkrcjlkr dh jkrcjlkr dh jkrcjlkr dh jkrcjlkr dh jkr dh dOokfy;ka bldk
lcwr gSA jQh vkSj eUuk Ms us vkil esa LièkkZ djrs gq, ^b'd&b'd*
dOokyh fdruh csgrjhu LVkby esa is'k dh gSA ;g jQh ds xk;u dh
fo'kky jsat dh gh ,d felky gS fd ftruh fQYeh dOokfy;ka mUgksaus
xk;h gSa mruh fdlh vU; us ugha xk;h gSA ryr egewn] gsear dqekj]
;gka rd fd lgxy dh vkokt esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ dOokyh lquus dks
feysA eqds'k] fd'kksj dqekj vkSj egsUnz diwj us t:j dqN dOokfy;ka
xk;h gS ysfdu ;s bDdh&nqDdh gh gSaA eqds'k us esjk uke tksdj esa vk'kk
ds lkFk ^nkx uk yx tk;s*] fd'kksj dqekj us vuks[kh vnk esa ^gky D;k
gS fnyksa dk* rFkk gsjk Qsjh esa egsUnz diwj ds lkFk ôDr dh gsjk Qsjh
gS* tSlh dqN dOokfy;ka xk;h gSaA eUuk Ms ds fgLls esa t:j dqN vPNh
dOokfy;ka vk;h gSA vk'kk Hkksalys ,oa eUuk Ms cgqr vPNs fQYeh dOokyh
xk;d FksA vk'kk Hkksalys dh dOokfy;ksa esa fny gh rks gS esa ^fuxkgsa
feykus dks th pkgrk gS* vkSj eUuk Ms dh fQYe ckr ,d jkr dh esa
^fdlus fpyeu ls ekjk*] fny us fQj ;kn fd;k esa vk'kk Hkksalys ds
lkFk ^geus tyok fn[kk;k rks* rFkk fQYe tathj esa ^;kjh gS bZeku esjk*
tSlh dOokfy;ksa dk /;ku vkrk gSA
ysfdu eksgEen jQh dOokfy;ksa ds ekeys esa lcls vkxs gSaA mUgksaus
u dsoy lcls vf/kd cfYd lcls vPNh dOokfy;ksa dks Loj fn;k gSA
tgka rd dOokfy;ksa dk loky gS iq#"k xk;dksa esa jQh vkSj eUUkk Ms dh
tksM+h csfelky gSA
jQh dh izeq[k dOokfy;ksa esa 'kkfey gS fQYe cjlkr dh jkr esa

jQh dk êèkqcu esa jkfèkdk ukps js* xkuk yksxksa us bruk ilUn fd;k fd
;g mudk lcls yksdfiz; 'kkL=kh; xhr cu x;kA fQYe dYiukdYiukdYiukdYiukdYiuk esa
¼laxhr&vksih- uS;j½ jQh dks fQYeksa esa 'kkL=kh; xk;u ds iqjksèkk le>s
tkus okys eUuk Ms ds lkFk LièkkZ djuh iM+hA ml fQYe ds ^rw gS esjk
isze nsork* xhr esa jQh vkSj eUuk Ms esa Js"B&dfu"B r; djuk dfBu
gSA jQh ds vU; mYys[kuh; 'kkL=kh; xhr gSa&csVk&csVhcsVk&csVhcsVk&csVhcsVk&csVhcsVk&csVh esa ^jkfèkds rwus
caljh pqjkbZ* ¼laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½] lk¡>&lcsjklk¡>&lcsjklk¡>&lcsjklk¡>&lcsjklk¡>&lcsjk esa lqeu dY;k.kiqj
ds lkFk ^vtgw u vk;s ckyek* ¼laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½] lwjtlwjtlwjtlwjtlwjt esa vk'kk
Hkkslys ds lkFk ^dSls le>kÅ¡* ¼laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½ vkSj fny fn;kfny fn;kfny fn;kfny fn;kfny fn;k
nnZ fy;knnZ fy;knnZ fy;knnZ fy;knnZ fy;k esa fQj ls vk'kk ds lkFk ^lkou vk;s ;k u vk;s* ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½A
eksgEen jQh ds xk, gq, dqN jkx izèkku xhreksgEen jQh ds xk, gq, dqN jkx izèkku xhreksgEen jQh ds xk, gq, dqN jkx izèkku xhreksgEen jQh ds xk, gq, dqN jkx izèkku xhreksgEen jQh ds xk, gq, dqN jkx izèkku xhr
xhrxhrxhrxhrxhr jkxjkxjkxjkxjkx fQYefQYefQYefQYefQYe
eèkqcu esa jkfèkdk--- gehj dksfguwj ¼m- vehj [kka
ds lkFk½
balkQ dk eafnj gS--- HkSjoh vej ¼dksjl½
rw xaxk dh ekSt eSa--- HkSjoh cStw ckojk ¼dksjl½
pkSngoha dk pk¡n gks--- igkM+h pkSngoha dk pk¡n
balku cuks--- xqtZjh rksM+h cStw ckojk
eqgCcr dh jkgksa esa--- t; t;oarh mM+u[kVksyk
oa`nkou dk d`".k--- Hkheiyklh fel esjh
rw gS esjk izse nsork--- yfyr dYiuk ¼eUuk Ms ds
lkFk½
lkou vk, ;k u--- oànkouh lkjax fny fn;k nnZ fy;k
¼vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk½
eu dh chu--- olar&cgkj 'kckc ¼yrk eaxs'kdj ds
lkFk½
dqgw&dqgw cksys dks;fy;k--- jkxekyk Lo.kZlqUnjh ¼yrk
eaxs'kdj ds lkFk½
fQj yrk ;k jQh ds vykok dksbZ vU; xk;d&xkf;dk bl rjg dh
dke;kch ikus ds ckjs esa dHkh lksp Hkh ugha ldrkA jQh 'kkL=kh; xk;u
esa Hkh 'kkL=kh; laxhr ds vusd fnXxtksa ls VDdj ys ldrs FksA cM+s
xqyke vyh ds f'k"; 'kkL=kh; xk;u esa ugha pedrs rks og ,d vk'p;Z
dh ckr gksrhA
xk;u dh dksbZ Hkh foèkk D;ksa u gks] jQh dks ysdj u eqds'k] u
ryr vkSj u eUuk Ms fuf'par gksdj cSB ldrs FksA fQYeksa esa 'kkL=kh;
xk;u ds èkqjaèkj ekus tkus okys eUuk Ms us ,d ckj Lo;a dgk Fkk] ^êq>ss
vius pkpk ds-lh- Ms ls 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh csgrj f'k{kk feyh gS ysfdu
vxj eSa vkSj jQh ,d gh fQYe esa xk,¡ rks eSa bl ckjs esa vk'oLr ugha
gks ldrk fd jQh eq>ls vkxs ugha fudysxkA**
ukS'kkn us cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk esa jQh dks cM+s 'kkL=kh; xk;dksa ds lkFk
xokdj bl {ks=k esa mUgsa viuh txg cukus dk ekSdk fn;k FkkA ia-
iyqLdj vkSj vehj [kk¡ tSls 'kq) 'kkL=kh; xkus okys egku xk;dksa dh
mifLFkfr ds ckotwn mudk êu rM+ir gfj n'kZu dks vkt* tjk Hkh
fiNM+k ugha gSA bl fQYe esa ^vk;s u ckye oknk djds* ,dy xhr gS
exj êu dh chu erokjh ckts* eas jQh us yrk ds lkFk 'kkL=kh; xhr
xkdj viuk deky fn[kk fn;kA blh o"kZ 'kadj&t;fd'ku us mUgsa egkjk"Vª
ds 'kkL=kh; xk;d d`".kjko pks.kdj ds lkFk fHkM+k;kA fQYe iwtkiwtkiwtkiwtkiwtk ds
^:e>we ds ctkvks caljh eqjkjh* xhr esa nksuksa dh tcnZLr VDdj gqbZA
jQh bl xkus dh 'kq:vkr [kwclwjr rjhds ls djrs gSaA mudh vkokt
pks.kdj dh rqyuk eas [kqyh&[kqyh lh yxrh gSA bl xhr esa nksuksa dh
tqxycanh vPNk&[kklk jax tekrh gSA blls izsfjr gksdj 'kadj&t;fd'ku
us lu~ 1956 esa jQh ls fQYe [kkunku[kkunku[kkunku[kkunku[kkunku esa ^cM+h nsj HkbZ uUnykyk* Hktu
xok;kA ftlds lkFk mUgksaus iwjk&iwjk U;k; fd;kA lu~ 1958 esa fQYe
jkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuhjkfxuh ds fy, laxhrdkj vksih- uS;j us fd'kksj dqekj ij fQYek;s
xhr dks xkus ds fy, jQh dks vkeaf=kr fd;kA xhr Fkk êu eksjk
ckojk*A vxys o"kZ fQYe jkuh :ierhjkuh :ierhjkuh :ierhjkuh :ierhjkuh :ierh esa ,l- ,u- f=kikBh us muls
'kkL=kh; jkxksa esa ck¡èks x;s cgqr lkjs ;qxy xhr xok;sA yrk ds lkFk
jQh us ^>u >u ckts ik;fy;k* vkSj ^mM+ tk Hk¡oj* ¼jkx njckjh dkuM+k½
xk;s vkSj ,d xhr fQj ls d`".kjko pks.kdj ds lkFk xk;kA cksy Fks&^ckV
pyr ubZ pq¡njh*A lu~ 1960 ds ckn fQYe dksfguwjdksfguwjdksfguwjdksfguwjdksfguwj esa ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½

eueksgu eu esa gks--- vM+kuk eku tkb,
jax&jax dh pqujh--- o`ankouh lkjax >ud&>ud ik;y
ckts ¼vk'kk Hkksalys ds
lkFk½
eu eksjk ckojk--- HkSjoh jkfxuh ¼vk'kk Hkksalys
ds lkFk½
ftanxh&Hkj xe tqnkbZ--- ekydksal fel ckEcs
xksjh rksjs uSu--- ns'k &&&
¼vk'kk Hkksalys ds lkFk½
jkfèkdk rwus caljh--- ekydksl csVh&csVs
vki ;wa gh vxj gels--- dsnkj ,d eqlkfQj ,d
glhuk ¼vk'kk Hkksalys ds
lkFk½
;qxy xhr;qxy xhr;qxy xhr;qxy xhr;qxy xhr
jQh us ;qxy xhrksa dh 'kq#vkr igys vkiigys vkiigys vkiigys vkiigys vki fQYe ¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa
';ke dqekj ds lkFk nks dOokyhuqek xhr xkdj dh FkhA fQj ukS'kkn
us muls fQYe 'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡'kkgtgk¡ esa lgxy ds lkFk tksM+h cukdj xok;kA tc
Qhjkst futkeh us uwjtgk¡ ds lkFk jQh ls ^;gk¡ cnyk oQk dk* xok;k
rc irk pyk fd og xkf;dkvksa ds lkFk Hkh csgrjhu ;qxy xhr xkus
dh {kerk j[krs gSaA blfy, lh- jkepUnz us lktulktulktulktulktu esa mUgas yfyrk nsmydj
¼QM+ds½ ds lkFk ^rqe gekjs gks u gks] gedks rqEgkjk gh vkljk* ;qxy
xhr xok;k vkSj og tuekul ij Nk x;sA vxys o"kZ 'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn fjyht
gqbZA 'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn'kghn esa jQh dks dbZ xhr feysA mlds ckn fQYe xtyxtyxtyxtyxty dk jQh
vkSj lqjS;k dk xk;k uktqd lk ;qxy xhr ^rkjksa Hkjh jkr gS] ij rw
ugha*¼laxhr&xqyke eksgEen½ cgqr gh yksdfiz; gqvkA blds ckn jQh us
lSdM+ksa ugha cfYd gtkjksa ;qxy xhr xk;sA muesa ls dqN ;qxy xhrksa dk
;gk¡ mYys[k djuk mfpr gksxkA
cktkjcktkjcktkjcktkjcktkj esa ^viuh utj ls nwj*] ^,s eqgCcr rq>ls feyus* ¼nksuksa yrk
ds lkFk] laxhr&';ke lqUnj½] jkr dh jkuhjkr dh jkuhjkr dh jkuhjkr dh jkuhjkr dh jkuh esa ^lqu rks yks* ¼yrk ds
ckV pyr ubZ pqujh--- HkSjoh jkuh :ierh ¼ek-
d`".kjko ds lkFk½
gksyh [ksyr uanyky--- dkQh xksnku ¼dksjl½
yxrk ugha gS--- ;eu dY;k.k ykyfdyk
oru is tks fQnk--- rksM+h Qwy cus vaxkjs
tku lds rks tku--- tkSuiqjh mLrkn
vks nqfu;k ds j[kokys--- njckjh cStw ckojk
v¡f[k;u lax v¡f[k;k¡--- ekydksal cM+k vkneh
eu rM+ir gfj n'kZu--- ekydksal cStw ckojk
,d 'kg¡'kkg us--- yfyr yhMj ¼yrk eaxs'kdj
ds lkFk½
rdnhj dk Qlkuk--- ns'k lsgjk
eSa fuxkgsa rsjs psgjs--- lwjnklh eYgkj vkf[kjh nko
lqgkuh jkr <y pqdh--- igkM+h nqykjh
rsjs&esjs lius vc--- xkjk xkbM
ftanxh vkt esjs uke--- t; t;oarh fny fn;k nnZ fy;k
jkr&Hkj dk gS esgek¡--- tksfx;k lksus dh fpfM+;k
fny ,d eafnj gS--- tksfx;k fny ,d eafnj ¼lqeu
dY;k.kiqj ds lkFk½
bruk rks ;kn gS--- fryax egcwc dh esagnh ¼yrk
eaxs'kdj ds lkFk½
vkokt nsds uk gesa rqe---- f'kojatuh izksQslj
vki vk, rks--- Nk;kuV tgkavkjk ¼lqeu
dY;k.kiqj ds lkFk½
>wys esa iou ds--- ihyw cStw ckojk ¼yrk
eaxs'kdj ds lkFk½
ge cs[kqnh esa rqedks--- Nk;kuV dkyk ikuh
nqfu;k uk Hkk, eksgs--- rksM+h olar&cgkj

lkFk] laxhr&galjkt cgy½] dkyh ?kVkdkyh ?kVkdkyh ?kVkdkyh ?kVkdkyh ?kVk esa ^vks eèkqj feyu* ¼yrk ds
lkFk] laxhr&'kadj&t;fd'ku½] ckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSuckojs uSu esa êqgCcr ds ekjks dk* ¼vk'kk
ds lkFk] laxhr&jkS'ku½] <ksyd<ksyd<ksyd<ksyd<ksyd esa êxj ,s glhuk cs[kcj* ¼yrk ds lkFk]
laxhr&';ke lqUnj½] eksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egyeksrh egy esa ^tk,xk tc ;gk¡ ls* ¼eèkqckyk >osjh
ds lkFk] laxhr&galjkt cgy½] vfyQ ySykvfyQ ySykvfyQ ySykvfyQ ySykvfyQ ySyk esa ^jkr lqgkuh* vkSj ^[kkeks'k
D;ksa gks rkjksa* ¼nksuksa yrk ds lkFk] laxhr&';ke lqUnj½] fel esjhfel esjhfel esjhfel esjhfel esjh esa ^vks
jkr ds eqlkfQj* ¼yrk ds lkFk] laxhr&gseUr dqekj½] feLVj ,.M felslfeLVj ,.M felslfeLVj ,.M felslfeLVj ,.M felslfeLVj ,.M felsl
5555555555 esa ^mèkj rqe glha gks] bèkj fny tok¡ gS* ¼xhrknÙk ds lkFk] laxhr&vks-
ih- uS;j½] fQj lqcg gksxhfQj lqcg gksxhfQj lqcg gksxhfQj lqcg gksxhfQj lqcg gksxh esa ^ftl I;kj esa ;s gky gks* ¼eqds'k ds lkFk]
laxhr&[kS¸;ke½ vkSj #Lre&,&lksgjkc#Lre&,&lksgjkc#Lre&,&lksgjkc#Lre&,&lksgjkc#Lre&,&lksgjkc esa ^fQj rqEgkjh ;kn vkbZ* ¼eUuk
Ms ds lkFk] laxhr&lTtkn½ tSlss ;qxy xhrksa dh la[;k lSdM+ksa esa gksxh
vkSj bu xhrksa dks Hkwy ikuk eqf'dy gksxkA
jQh ds ;qxy xhrksa dh ,d fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd og iadt efyd]
dslh- Ms] dkuu ckyk] gseUr dqekj vkSj jktdqekjh tSls dqN ukeksa dks
NksM+dj lgxy] uwjtgk¡] [kq'khZn ¼vkxs c<+ksvkxs c<+ksvkxs c<+ksvkxs c<+ksvkxs c<+ks rFkk lkou dh ?kVklkou dh ?kVklkou dh ?kVklkou dh ?kVklkou dh ?kVk]
laxhr&lqèkhj QM+ds½] ryr] eqds'k] eUuk Ms] yrk] vk'kk] ehuk] lqjS;k]
fd'kksj dqekj] egsUnz diwj] xhrk nÙk] 'ke'kkn] vehj ckbZ] lqeu dY;k.kiqj]
tksgjkckbZ] eèkqckyk >osjh] yfyrk nsmydj ¼QM+ds½] lqykspuk dne]
ehuk diwj] lh- jkepUnz] meknsoh] ';ke dqekj] nqjkZuh] eqckjd csxe]
laè;k eq[kthZ] ckfr'k] [kku eLrkuk] cychj] vkjrh eq[kthZ] gehnk]
eksgurkjk ryins vkSj dey ckjksV tSls xk;d&xkf;dkvksa ds lkFk xk
pqds gSaA
Hkkoizèkku xhrHkkoizèkku xhrHkkoizèkku xhrHkkoizèkku xhrHkkoizèkku xhr
clar cgkjclar cgkjclar cgkjclar cgkjclar cgkj ls ysdj taxyhtaxyhtaxyhtaxyhtaxyh rd ftrus Hkh Hkko] ftruh Hkh gjdrsa]
ftruh Hkh vnk;sa gks ldrh gSa] mUgas jQh us vius xhrksa ds tfj;s O;Dr
fd;k gSA 'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk Hkko gks] tks muds xhrksa esa mtkxj ugha
gqvk gksA
jQh ds xk, dqN Hkkoizèkku xhrjQh ds xk, dqN Hkkoizèkku xhrjQh ds xk, dqN Hkkoizèkku xhrjQh ds xk, dqN Hkkoizèkku xhrjQh ds xk, dqN Hkkoizèkku xhr
xhrxhrxhrxhrxhr HkkoHkkoHkkoHkkoHkko fQYefQYefQYefQYefQYe
pkgs dksbZ eq>s taxyh--- f[kyanjiu taxyh
rq>s D;k lqukÅ¡ eSa fny#ck--- nSU;&fuosnu vkf[kjh nk¡o
eSa fdlh dh vk¡[k dk uwj-- mnklhurk yky fdyk
cgkjks Qwy cjlkvks--- mRQqYyrk lwjt
ge rks pys ijnsl--- fcNksg ljxe
lq[k ds lc lkFkh--- HkfDr xksih
ge cs[kqnh esa rqedks--- rUe;rk dkyk ikuh
dgk¡ tk jgk gS rw ,--- psrkouh lhek
ge dkys gSa rks D;k gqvk--- vD[kM+iu xqeuke
lj tks rsjk pdjk;s--- gkL; I;klk
cLrh&cLrh ioZr&ioZr--- fuosZn jsyos IysVQkeZ
py mM+ tk js iaNh--- u'ojrk HkkHkh
tgkWa Mky&Mky ij--- ns'kHkfDr fldanjs&vkte
ckcqy dh nqvk,¡ ysrh tk--- fonkbZ uhydey
eSa ftanxh dk lkFk--- mUeqDrrk ge nksuksa
ukps eu eksjk exu--- g"kkZfrjsd esjh lwjr] rsjh vk¡[ksa
dkjok¡ xqtj x;k--- uSjk'; ubZ mej dh ubZ Qly
vglku rsjk gksxk eq> ij--- vuqu; taxyh
gks vkt ekSle cM+k--- me¡x yksQj
;s ftanxh ds esys--- u'ojrk esyk
gtkjksa jax cnysxk tekuk--- gB 'khjha&Qjgkn
eSa ftanxh esa gjne--- #nu cjlkr
tkus cgkj gqLu rsjk--- Jàxkj I;kj fd;k rks Mjuk
D;k
vkids glhu #[k is--- izse cgkjsa fQj Hkh vk,¡xh
rsjs fcu lwus u;u--- izrh{kk esjh lwjr] rsjh vk¡[ksa

D;k ls D;k gks x;k--- csoQkbZ xkbM
eSaus pk¡n vkSj flrkjksa--- fujk'kk pUnzdk¡rk
ikl cSBks rch;r cgy--- rlYyh iqufeZyu
vkuk gS rks jkg esa--- leiZ.k u;k nkSj
eu js] rw dkgs u èkhj èkjs--- lkURouk fp=kys[kk
dksjl xhrdksjl xhrdksjl xhrdksjl xhrdksjl xhr
dksjl xhr vkSj ukSdk xhr xkus esa jQh dk dksbZ lkuh ugha gSA ckcqyckcqyckcqyckcqyckcqy
¼laxhr&ukS'kkn½ esa ûnh fdukjs* esa unh dh ik'oZHkwfe ij jQh dh vkokt
d.kZfiz; yxrh gSA bl xkus esa vkokt Åij mBkus dk vPNk vlj gS]
blfy, jQh dh vkokt t¡prh gSA vkokjkvkokjkvkokjkvkokjkvkokjk esa Hkh ûS;k rsjh ea>èkkj]
gksf'k;kj* esa jQh dh vkokt fdruh eèkqj yxrh gSA nks ch?kk tehunks ch?kk tehunks ch?kk tehunks ch?kk tehunks ch?kk tehu
¼laxhrdkj&lfyy pkSèkjh½ esa ^vtc rsjh nqfu;k* vkSj f'kdLrf'kdLrf'kdLrf'kdLrf'kdLr
¼laxhrdkj&'kadj&t;fd'ku½ esa û;h ftUnxh ls I;kj djds ns[k* tSls
xhr dkSu Hkwy ldrk gS
cPpksa ds xhrcPpksa ds xhrcPpksa ds xhrcPpksa ds xhrcPpksa ds xhr
eksgEen jQh us u dsoy gj oxZ] dkSe vkSj etgc cfYd gj vk;q oxZ&cPpksa
ds fy;s Hkh xhr xk;s gSaA ,d le; Fkk tc ^pqu pqu djrh vk;h fpfM+;k*
vkSj ^vc fnYyh nwj ugha* tSls xhr jkstkuk jsfM;ks ij ctrs FksA mu fnuksa
,d vU; fgV xhr ûUgs eqUus cPps rsjh* Fkk] ftls jQh us fQYe cwV ikWfy'k
esa vk'kk ds lkFk x;k x;k FkkA ûUgs eqUus cPps* cPpksa dks uSfrdrk dh lh[k
nsus vkSj mUkds eu esa mEehnsa] mYykl ,oa fo'okl Hkjus okyk vR;ar csgrjhu
xhr FkkA jQh lkgc us cPpksa ds fy, fQYe cãpkjh esa ls [kwclwjr yksjh êSa
xkÅa rqe lks tkvks* xk;h FkhA ;g fgUnh fQYe laxhr dh laHkor% lcls
csgrjhu yksjh gSA 'kEeh diwj ij fQYek;h x;h ;g yksjh nks fgLlksa esa Fkh]
,d g"kZiw.kZ vkSj nwljh d#.kktudA fQYe [kkunku esa ^rw gksds cM+k cu
tkuk* ,d vkSj I;kjk ckyxhr Fkk] ftlesa ,d x+jhc vkSj vHkkxk firk vius
cPps dkss crkrk gS fd ;g fdruh cnfdLerh dh ckr gS fd bruk fdLer
okyk cPpk mlds x+jhc ds ?kj esa tUek gS] mldh ft+anxh dSls clj gksxh]
dSls mls vius nks gkFkksa ls vius thou esa la?k"kZ vkSj yM+kbZ djuh gksxh] vius
iM+ksfl;ksa ls dSls is'k vkuk gksxk] viuh eka dh dSls ns[kHkky djuh gksxhA
lquhy nRr ij fQYek;s x;s bl xhr dks lqudj dksbZ Hkh vklkuh ls Hkkouk
ds Tokj esa Mwc ldrk gSA
jQh lkgc us pkyhl ds n'kd esa cPpksa ds fy, dsoy ,d xhr ^rsjk
f[kykSuk VwVk ckyd* xkdj yksdfiz;rk cVksj yh FkhA cPpksa ds fy, xk;s
muds vU; xhrksa esa fQYe csVh csVs esa ^vkt dy esa <y x;k*] fQYe jke vkSj
';ke esa ^vk;h gSa cgkjsa*] fQYe nwj dh vkokt+ eas vk'kk ds lkFk ^ge Hkh vxj
cPps gksrs*] fQYe ,d Qwy nks ekyh esa ^vks uUgs ls Qfj'rs*] fQYe cwV ikWfy'k
esa vk'kk ds lkFk ^rqEgkjs gSa rqels*] czãepkjh esa ^pDds esa pDdk*] vankt+ esa
^lqu yks lqukrk gwa*] 'krjat esa ^vkvks rqEgsa I;kj djuk fl[kkÅa*] j[kokyk esa
^;s dSlh eSaus*] vlyh udyh esa ^xksjh tjk gal ns rw*] ek;k esa ^ft+anxh gS D;k
lqu esjh tku*] vki vk;s cgkj vk;h esa ^rkjs rkjs fdrus uhy xxu is rkjs*]
,d ukjh ,d czãpkjh esa ^fpjkx fdlds ?kj dk gS*] ;kjkuk ls ^fc'ku pkpk*
vkfn gSaA
iqjLdkj fotsrk fQYe ukSfugky esa ,d vkSj [kwclwjr xhr gS& êsjh
vkokt+ lquks*A bl xhr dh bl iafDr dks /;ku ls lqusa& ^Fkd x;k gwa ------
--A* tc jQh ^Fkd* 'kCn dks vfHkO;Dr djrss gSa] rks okLro esa og viuh
vkokt+ esa Hkh Fkdku ys vkrs gSa] ftlls bl 'kCn esa tku vk tkrh gSA cPpksa
dk lh[k nsus okyk ,d vkSj xhr tkx`fr esa gS ^ge yk;s gSa rwQku ls*A fQYe
/kwy dk Qwy ds xhr ^rw fganw cusxk uk eqlyeku cusxk* esa fdruk egRoiw.kZ
lans'k gSA
fQYe uUgk Qfj'rk dk xhr ^cPps esa gS Hkxoku* mu pqfuank xkuksa
esa 'kkfey gS] ftuesa jQh] fd'kksj dqekj vkSj eUukMs us ,d lkFk viuh vkokt+sa
nhaA bl xhr esa ,d [kwclwjr lans'k fn;k x;k gS vkSj ;g lh[k nh x;h gS
fd cPPkksa esa gh Hkxoku] ;h'kq ;k vYykg vkSj xhrk] ckbcy vkSj dqjku gSA
vktdy ,sls xhr dgka fy[ks tkrs gSaA
jQh vkSj egewn us fQYEk dqaokjk cki ds fy, t+cnZLr xkuk ^lth
jgh* xk;kA m"kk eaxs'kdj vkSj lgxkf;dkvksa us thus dh jkg esa ^pank dks
<wa<us lHkh* xhr xk;k] ftlesa dqN iafDr;ka jQh us Hkh xk;h FkhaA bl QsgfjLr
43 n xk;u ds fofo/k vk;ke 44 n esjh vkokt+ lquks

esa ,d vkSj vuwBk xhr fQYe vankt+ ess gS& ^gS uk cksyks cksyks*] ftls jQh]
lqeu dY;k.kiqj vkSj vU; xk;dksa us xk;k gSA fQYe rqe glha eSa toka esa jQh
us vR;ar [kwclwjr xhr xk;k& êerk dh gks rqe dksbZ ewjr*A mlh fQYe esa
fd'kksj dqekj us et+kfd;k xkuk êqUus dh vEek* xk;kA chrs fnuksa esa ;s xhr
jsfM;ks ij fu;fer :i ls izlkfjr gksrs FksA
gkykafd eksgEen jQh ds vykok vU; xk;dksa us Hkh cPpksa ds fy,
xhr xk;s gSa] ysfdu ,sls xhrksa dh lcls yach QsgfjLr jQh ds uke gh gSA
vU; xk;dksa us cPpksa ds fy, tks xhr xk;s gSa] muesa fQYe ft+anxh esa eUukMs
dk xk;k êqLdqjk ykM+ys eqLdqjk*] cwV ikWfy'k esa eUukMs vkSj vk'kk dk xk;k
xhr ^jkr x;h fQj fnu vkrk gS* vkSj ^Bgj t+jk vks tkus okys*] ifjp; esa
fd'kksj dqekj vkSj vk'kk dk xk;k ^lkjs ds lkjs*] xaxk tequk esa gsear dqekj
dk ^balkQ dh Mxj is*] ,d Qwy nks ekyh esa eUukMs dk xk;k ^rq>s lwjt
dgwa ;k pank*] eq>s thus nks esa yrk dk xk;k vR;ar d#.k xhr ^rsjs cpiu
dks tokuh dh nqvk nsrh gwa*] [kksVs flDds esa fd'kksj dqekj dk xk;k ^thou
esa rw Mjuk ugha*] fny ,d eafnj esa lqeu dY;k.kiqj dk xk;k ûUgh lh dyh
esjh ykM+yh*] ckyd esa yrk dk xk;k ^lquys ckiw ,s iSx+ke*] feLVj
uVojyky esa vferkHk cPpu dk xk;k êsjs ikl vkvks*] Jh 420 esa eqds'k vkSj
yrk dk xk;k ^bZpd nkuk*] cwV ikWfy'k esa ryr vkSj vk'kk dk xk;k ^pyh
dkSu ls ns'k*] esjk uke tksdj esa vk'kk vkSj eqds'k dk ^rhrj ds nks vkxs
rhrj*] ?kjkuk esa ^nknh vEek nknh vEek*] eSa pqi jgwaxh esa yrk dk xk;k
^rqEgh gks ekrk*] eklweeklweeklweeklweeklwe esa vkjrh eq[kthZ dk xk;k xhr ûkuh rsjh eksjuh dks*]
xhrk nRr dk xk;k ûUgh dyh lksus pyh gok /khjs vkuk*] viuk ns'k esa
fd'kksj dqekj vkSj lkfFk;ksa dk xk;k ^jksuk] dHkh ugha jksuk*] eUukMs vkSj yrk
dk xk;k ^Nqik Nqih*] yk[kksa esa ,d esa fd'kksj dqekj vkSj yrk dk xk;k xhr
^pank gks pank] fdlus pqjk;h rsjh esjh fuafn;k*] dqaokjk cki esa fd'kksj dqekj
vkSj yrk dk ^vk jh vk tk*] lu vkWQ bafM;k esa 'kkafr ekFkqj dk xk;k ûUgk
eqUuk jkgh gwa*] Mªhe xyZ esa vk'kk dk xk;k ^nqfu;k ds yksx fdrus vPNs gksrs*]
vkjk/kuk esa yrk dk xk;k ^pank gS rw*] nksLrh esa ^xqfM+;k gels :Bh jgksxh*]
nks jkLrs esa ^viuh viuh choh* vkSj nks dfy;ka esa yrk dk e'kgwj xhr ^cPps
eu ds lPps* Hkh dkQh yksdfiz; xhr jgs gSaA
cPps ns'k vkSj lekt ds Hkfo"; gSaA ;g ckr vkt ds fuekZrk&funsZ'kd
'kk;n Hkwy x, gSaA ;g nqHkkZX; dh ckr gS fd fQYeksa ds lsV ,oa ghjks&ghjksbuksa
dh Mªsl&fMtkbfuax vkSj esdvi ij djksM+ksa #i;s [kpZ djus okys vkt ds
fQYe fuekZrk&funsZ'kdksa dks cPpksa ds izsj.kknk;d xhr cukus ds fy, ,d Hkh
iSlk [kpZ djuk equkflc ugha le>rsA
csclh dk xk;dcsclh dk xk;dcsclh dk xk;dcsclh dk xk;dcsclh dk xk;d
gj vkneh pkgs og dksbZ Hkh gks vius eu ds lqdwu ds fy;s eksgEen jQh ds
xhrksa dh 'kj.k ys ldrk gSA jQh ds xhr fo'kky cjxn dh Nk;k dh rjg
gSa] tgka xjhch] cngkyh] raxh] mis{kk] csoQkbZ] /kks[kk&Qjsc] fujk'kk vkSj
ekufld la=kkl dh ririkrh /kwi ls ijs'kku vkSj lkjs tgka ls Bqdjk;k vkSj
nqRdkjk xk;k balku jkgr ikrk gSA mudh vkokt eka dh eerke;h xksn]
I;kj Hkjs nkeu] lgkjk nsus dks rRij firk ds da/ks vkSj vuqHkoh xq# dh lh[k
dh rjg jkgr iznku djrh gSaA
jQh ds ,sls vusd xhr gSa ftuesa Bqdjk;s x;s] nqRdkjs x;s vkSj lrk;s
x;s balku ds nnZ dks mdsjk x;k gSA fQYe nknh eka dk ,d xhr gS& ^tkrk
gwa eSa eq>s vc uk cqykuk*A fdlh ds I;kj ds fy, rM+irs balku dh ihM+k dks
mdsjuk jQh ds cwrs dh ckr FkhA bl xhr dh vkxs dh iafDRk;ksa dks lqusa&
Î;klk Fkk cpiu tokuh Hkh esjh I;klh] ihNs xeksa dh xyh vkxs mnklh*A
mudh vkokt xe vkSj mnklh esa f?kjs balku dh ihM+k esa lk>hnkj cu tkrh
gSA
fQYe vkneh dk xhr êSa VwVh gqbZ bd uS;k* 'kk;n csclh dk lcls
vPNk vkSj nqyZHk mnkgj.k gSA fny dh xgjkb;ksa ls fudyrh csclh ls Hkjk
;g xhr lquus okyksa dks fdlh nwljh gh nqfu;k esa ys tkrk gSA csclh]
vdsykiu vkSj fujk'kk bl xhr esa 'kq: ls gh >ydrh gSA 'kk;n gh dksbZ bl
xhr dks brus lVhd rjhds ls xk ldrk gSA bl xhr dh gj iafDr] gj varjk
vkSj djhc&djhc gj y¶t+ vyx fn'kk vkSj vyx dks.k ls vkrs gq;s izrhr
gksrs gSaA varjs esa fdlh Hkh /kqu dks nksgjk;k ugha x;k gS vkSj varjk [kRe gksus
ls igys vki tku gh ugha ikrs fd ;g fdl /kqu ij [kRe gksxkA bruh
eqf'dy /kqu dks ukS'kkn us fdl rjg rS;kj fd;k gksxk D;k okdbZ mUgsa ml
urhts dk vanktk gks x;k Fkk] tks jQh dh vkokt+ ds tfj;s lkeus vkus okyk

Fkk ;k fQj mUgksaus bl xhr dks izfrHkk'kkyh jQh ds gokys dj fn;k Fkk
fd og tSls pkgsa bls is'k djsa vkt u rks ukS'kkn lkgc gSa u jQh ysfdu
bl xhr dks ckj&ckj lquus dk eu djrk gS vkSj gj ckj ;g lkspdj Jksrk
gSjku jg tkrk gS fd vkf[kj brus dfBu xhr dks jQh lkgc us fdl rjg
xk;k gksxkA
eksgEen jQh ds dbZ xhr gSa] ftUgsa dbZ vPNs xk;d xk ldrs gSa
ysfdu os dHkh muds vklikl Hkh ugha vk ldsaxsA ;g ,d tkuk ekuk rF;
gSA ysfdu lp gS fd dqN ,sls xhr gSa] ftuls fganh fQYe laxhr dks u;h
ifjHkk"kk feyh gSA Js"B vkSj loZJs"B gksus dk nkok djus okys T;knkrj xk;d
bu xhrksa dks xkus ;k mudh udy djus dh fgEer ugha dj ldrsA csgrjhu
vYQkt vkSj 'kkunkj laxhr okys bu xhrksa dks jQh us fny dh xgjkb;ksa ls
fudyh viuh vkokt ds tfj;s vej cuk fn;k gSA bu xhrksa dks lqudj mnwZ
dh ;g iafDr lgh lkfcr gks tkrh gS &^ux+ek ogh gS ux+ek fd ftls] :g
lqus vkSj :g lquk;s*A
gt+kjksa nwljs xhrksa dh gh rjg jQh us :g ds lkFk csclh vkSj nnZ
Hkjs bu xhrksa dks xk;k gSA bu xhrksa dks lqudj xk;d ds :a/ks gq, xys vkSj
vka[kksa ls cgrs vkalw dks dksbZ Hkh eglwl dj ldrk gSA fQYe vkneh ds gh
,d vU; xhr dks T;knk rkjhQ feyh gSA ;g xhr gkykafd jsfM;ks ij T;knk
izlkfjr ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj 'kk;n jQh ds dbZ iz'kaldksa ds ikl ekStwn
xhrksa ds [ktkus dk fgLlk ugha gksxkA bl xhr dks le>us vkSj bldh xgjkbZ
tkuus ds fy, bls ckj&ckj lquuk iM+sxkA bldk laxhr vke xhrksa ls vyx
gS vkSj dksbZ bl xhr dks Mwcdj lqus rks jQh lkgc dh vkokt ls cgrk laxhr
mls u;s /kjkry ij ys tkrk gSA dbZ ckj eu ;g lkspus dks gksrk gS fd
D;k ml tekus esa vFkkZr~ 1960 ds n'kd esa dksbZ vU; xk;d ;k xkf;dk bl
xhr dks xk ikrk& eUuk Ms] egsanz diwj] fd'kksj dqekj] eqds'k] yrk eaxs'kdj
vksj vk'kk Hkksalys ;k de yksdfiz; gq, vU; vPNs xk;dA ;g xhr efgyk
;k iq#"k xk;d ds fy, [kkl rkSj ij ugha fy[kk x;k gSA blesa dksbZ r;'kqnk
<jkZ ugha gS] tks xk;d ds fy, ennx+kj lkfcr gksA ysfdu 'kk;n vxj bl
xhr dks r;'kqnk <jsZ esa <kyk tkrk] rks gks ldrk gS fd bls csgrj rjhds ls
ugha xk;k tk ldrk FkkA bl xhr ls dM+okgV] mnklh vkSj csclh
drjk&drjk cgrh jgrh gSA fQYe vkneh dk xhr ^th pkgs Mqcks nks ekStksa
esa ;k lkfgy ij ys tkvks* vkneh dh fdlh nwljs ij iwjh rjg fuHkZjrk dks
fn[kkrk gS vkSj ,d VwVh gqbZ ft+nxh ds va/ksjs dks c;ka djrk gSA nwljs varjs
esa eksgEen jQh dgrs gSa& ^chrs gq, fnu fey tk;sa tgka eq>s ,slh Mxj ys
tkvksA* blls cM+h =kklnh D;k gks ldrh gS fd ,d toku vkneh] tks dqN
le; igys rd jktdqekj Fkk] vc fxM+fxM+kus ij etcwj gSA mldh ft+anxh
esa tks [kks[kykiu gS] mls bl varjs dh pkj iafDr;ksa esa [kwclwjrh ds lkFk
crk;k x;k gSA fnypLi ckr gS fd jQh lkgc buesa vyx ls dksbZ dksf'k'k
djrs gq, Hkh ugha fn[krsA ,slk yxrk gS ekuks [kqn gh bl xhr esa Mwc x;s
gksaA mUgksaus bl xhr dks bruh vklkuh ls xk;k gS] fd ;g csgn lknk yxrk
gSA ysfdu blds myV ;g lcls eqf'dy xhrksa esa ls ,d gS] ftls T+;knkrj
xk;d vklkuh ls ugha lh[k ldrsA ,slk yxrk gS fd jQh xhr xkrs le;
pfj=k dh vkRek esa mrj tkrs FksA bl rjg ds xhr lqugjs xhrksa dh QsgfjLr
esa ges'kk fxus tkrs jgsaxsA jQh ds dbZ vU; xhrksa dh rjg ;g xhr Hkh mudh
vkSj ukS'kkn lkgc dh viusss Q+u esa egkjr gkfly gksus dk uewuk gSA

50 n esjh vkokt+ lquksvkokt+ dh tknwxjh n 49
vkokt+ dh tknwxjhvkokt+ dh tknwxjhvkokt+ dh tknwxjhvkokt+ dh tknwxjhvkokt+ dh tknwxjh
jQh 1955 ls 1965 ds nkSjku vius dSfj;j ds f'k[kj ij FksA ;g og
vofèk gS] ftls fgUnh fQYe laxhr dk Lo.kZ ;qx dgk tkrk gSA bl
nkSjku mUgksaus viuh xk;u {kerk ds lHkh igyqvksa dk csgrjh ls bLrseky
fd;kA jQh dk viuh vkokt+ ij xtc dk fu;a=k.k FkkA og mPp Loj
ds lkFk xkuk 'kq: dj cM+h lgtrk ls ef)e Loj esa mrj ldrs Fks
vFkok ef)e Loj esa xhr 'kq: dj vpkud mPp Loj rd igq¡p ldrs
FksA eqxys vkteeqxys vkteeqxys vkteeqxys vkteeqxys vkte dk xhr ^ftUnkckn] ,s eksgCcr ftUnkckn* vkSj cStwcStwcStwcStwcStw
ckcjkckcjkckcjkckcjkckcjk ds ^vks nqfu;k ds j[kokys* tSls xhr blds lcwr gSaA
vkokt+ dh xq.koÙkkvkokt+ dh xq.koÙkkvkokt+ dh xq.koÙkkvkokt+ dh xq.koÙkkvkokt+ dh xq.koÙkk
jQh dh vkokt+ ds tknw dks 'kCnksa esa c;ku djuk vlaHko gSA mudh
vkokt +esa lqjksa dks dsoy eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA mudh vkokt dHkh
fdlh 'kkUr vkSj fo'kky euksje >hy esa <yrh 'kke dh rjg] dHkh
mUeqDr izcy izikr dh rjg] dHkh fgeky; ls fudyrh xaxks=kh dh
dy&dy èkkjk dh rjg rks dHkh eqyk;e e[keyh xqykch xyhps esa
fyiVh BaMh jkr dh rjg eglwl gksrh gSA
vkjksg vkSj vojksg dh egkjrkvkjksg vkSj vojksg dh egkjrkvkjksg vkSj vojksg dh egkjrkvkjksg vkSj vojksg dh egkjrkvkjksg vkSj vojksg dh egkjrk
jQh laHkor% fgUnh fQYe laxhr ds ,dek=k ,sls xk;d Fks] ftUgsaa
vkjksg&vojksg ds bLrseky esa egkjr gkfly FkhA ;g {kerk vkt ds
le; ds vR;kèkqfud gSfj;j tsV ds lhèks Åij mBus vkSj uhps vkus ds
¼ofVZdy Vsd vkWQ ,.M ySafMax½ ds leku FkhA jQh ds xk;s vusd xkuksa
esa vkjksg&vojksg dk [kwclwjr bLrseky feyrk gSA ;gk¡ is'k gS nks felkysaA
l ^vks nqfu;k ds j[kokys* ¼cStw ckcjkcStw ckcjkcStw ckcjkcStw ckcjkcStw ckcjk½ fQYe laxhr ds bfrgkl
dk pksVh dk xhr gSA bl xhr dh dqN iafDr;ksa dks lqusA jQh
vkjke ls c<+rs gSa&^egy mnkl vkSj xfy;k¡ lwuh*A blds ckn
og rqjUr rsth ls Nyk¡x yxkrs gSa&^ge thou dSls xqtkjsaA*
bldh vxyh iafDr esa og f'k[kj ij gksrs gSa&^eafnj fxjrk fQj
cu tkrkA* vkSj fQj igkM+h unh dh rjg uhps mrjrs gSa&^fny
dks dkSu l¡HkkysA*
l ^tkus cgkj gqLu rsjk* ¼I;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;kI;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;kI;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;kI;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;kI;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;k½ xhr esa jQh
vUrjs dks ,dne ry ls 'kq: djrs gSa&^gk; ;s rsjh eLr vnk;sa]
;s ck¡diuA* og bl iafDr dks nksgjh Å¡pkbZ ij nksgjkrs gSa vkSj
^fdj.kksa dks Hkh u Nwus nw¡xk rsjk cnu* rd vkrs&vkrs pksVh ij
igq¡p tkrs gSaA blds ckn rsth ls mrj vkrs gSa&^rqels utj
feyk, ;s fdldh etky gSA* ,slk vkjksg&vojksg leqnz dh epyrh
èkkjk esa Hkh ugha feyrkA
vkokt+ dh fofoèkrkvkokt+ dh fofoèkrkvkokt+ dh fofoèkrkvkokt+ dh fofoèkrkvkokt+ dh fofoèkrk
jQh us viuh vkokt+ dh fofoèkrk dh fo'ks"k {kerk dk eqtkfgjk vkokt+
dh xq.koÙkk esa deh fd;s cxSj vyx&vyx vfHkusrkvksa ds lkFk viuh
vkokt dk feyku djds fd;kA ftu fQYeksa esa muds xk;s gq, xkus gksrs
Fks] mu fQYeksa ds fjyht gksus ls igys gh ;g irk py tkrk Fkk fd
dkSu lk xkuk fdl vfHkusrk ij fQYek;k x;k gSA yrk Hkh uwru vkSj

52 n esjh vkokt+ lquksvkokt+ dh tknwxjh n 51
ehuk dqekjh ds fy;s vyx&vyx rjhds ls xkrh FkhaA vk'kk Hkksalys xkrs
le; gsyu vkSj vk'kk ikjs[k ds fy;s QdZ djrh FkhaA ysfdu jQh dh
vkokt dh o`gn~ jsat vkSj fofoèkrk gj ek;us esa Js"B FkhA
jQh fofHkUu laxhrdkjksa ds fy;s Hkh viuh vkokt+ esa fofoèkrk j[krs
FksA muds xkuksa dks lqudj ;g crk;k tk ldrk gS fd fdl xkus dk
laxhr fdl laxhr funsZ'kd us fn;k gSA ukS'kkn] vksih- uS;j]
'kadj&t;fd'ku] enu eksgu vkSj ,l- Mh- ceZu ds fy;s xk;s x;s jQh
ds xkuksa esa QdZ lkQ rkSj ij igpkuk tk ldrk gSA
Hkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerkHkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerkHkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerkHkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerkHkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerk
;g jQh dh [kkl izfrHkk Fkh fd og fQYe esa xkus ds ewM] Hkko] vFkZ]
'kCn vkSj xhr ds lEiw.kZ lkj dks vkRelkr dj fQYe esa ml xhr ds
fy;s iSnk dh x;h ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks viuh vkokt esa ifjyf{kr dj ldrs
FksA bl fo'ks"k izfrHkk dks le>us ds fy;s dqN xhrksa dh foospuk dh tk
ldrh gSA
l ^rw dgk¡] ;s crk] bl u'khyh jkr esa* ¼rsjs ?kj ds lkeusrsjs ?kj ds lkeusrsjs ?kj ds lkeusrsjs ?kj ds lkeusrsjs ?kj ds lkeus½&bl
xhr esa ,d Fkds izseh dks viuh izs;lh dks <¡w<us ds nkSjku fudyh
fny dh vkg dks [kwclwjrh ds lkFk O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA
l êSa fuxkgsa rsjs psgjs ls gVkÅ¡ dSls* ¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡vkidh ijNkb;k¡vkidh ijNkb;k¡vkidh ijNkb;k¡vkidh ijNkb;k¡½&bl xhr
dks lquus ds lkFk&lkFk iszfedk ds gqLu ij eqXèk ,d vlgk;
izseh dh xqgkj Hkh lquh tk ldrh gSA
l ûkps eu eksjk* ¼esjh lwjr rsjh vk¡[ksaesjh lwjr rsjh vk¡[ksaesjh lwjr rsjh vk¡[ksaesjh lwjr rsjh vk¡[ksaesjh lwjr rsjh vk¡[ksa½&;g xhr lqurs gh eglwl
gksus yxrk gS fd dksbZ dykdkj meM+rs cknyksa dks ns[k dj
mYykl ls Hkj mBk gksA
l ^ckth fdlh us I;kj dh thrh ;k gkj nh* ¼utjkukutjkukutjkukutjkukutjkuk½&bl xhr
dks lqudj HkkX; dh nq'okfj;ksa dks fouez Hkko ls Lohdkjus okys
,d ijkftr vkf'kd dh csclh dks vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk
gSA
l ^cgqr lgh xes] nqfu;k exj mnkl u gks* ¼vkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dy½&bl
xhr esa fujk'kk ds v¡èksjs esa vk'kk dh fdj.k fn[kkrh lkaRouk
vkSj csgrj dy dh mEehn dh >yd fn[krh gSA
l ^bl jax cnyrh nqfu;k esa* ¼jktdqekjjktdqekjjktdqekjjktdqekjjktdqekj½&bl xhr esa ,d eksgd
lk e'kojk nsrs 'kqHkfpard dh Hkkouk Hkh lquh tk ldrh gSA
l ^rsjs esjs lius esa* ¼xkbMxkbMxkbMxkbMxkbM½&bl xhr esa nq%[kh nksLr dks lacy nsrs
nksLr dh Hkkoukvksa dks Hkh le>k tk ldrk gSA
bl rjg ds dbZ mnkgj.k is'k fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
foyfEcr izos'k ds ckotwn iwjs xhr ij Nk tkus dh {kerkfoyfEcr izos'k ds ckotwn iwjs xhr ij Nk tkus dh {kerkfoyfEcr izos'k ds ckotwn iwjs xhr ij Nk tkus dh {kerkfoyfEcr izos'k ds ckotwn iwjs xhr ij Nk tkus dh {kerkfoyfEcr izos'k ds ckotwn iwjs xhr ij Nk tkus dh {kerk
jQh dh ,d vkSj fo'ks"krk Fkh&xhrksa esa nsj ls vkuk vkSj viuh Js"Brk
dh Nki NksM+rs gq, iwjs xhr ij Nk tkukA mudh ;g fo'ks"krk vU;
xk;dksa dks fdukjs dj nsrh FkhA ,sls dbZ xhr gSa] ftuesa jQh vkèkk
vFkok vkèks ls vfèkd xkuk lekIr gks tkus ds ckn xkus esa izos'k djrs
gSa ysfdu vpkud iwjs xhr ij Nk tkrs gSaA dqN mnkgj.k ;gk¡ is'k gSaA
l ^vkokt nsds gesa rqe cqykvks* ¼izksQsljizksQsljizksQsljizksQsljizksQslj½&bl xhr esa jQh vkèkk
xkuk lekIr gks tkus ij 'kq: djrs gSa] ysfdu rqjar yrk dks
ihNs NksM+rs gq, vkxs fudy tkrs gSaA
l îj Bgj oks tks tgk¡ esa* ¼u;h mej dh u;h Qlyu;h mej dh u;h Qlyu;h mej dh u;h Qlyu;h mej dh u;h Qlyu;h mej dh u;h Qly½&jQh ckn
esa bl xhr ls tqM+rs gSa] ysfdu bl dnj gkoh gksrs gSa fd vk'kk
ihNs jg tkrh gSaA
l ^cgqr lgh xhr esa* ¼vkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dyvkt vkSj dy½&jQh viuh lqjhyh vkSj
'kkUr vkokt esa bl xhr esa nsj ls izos'k djrs gSa vkSj vk'kk dks
ihNs NksM+rs gq, vkxs fudy tkrs gSaA
l ^ge bartkj djsaxs* ¼cgw csxecgw csxecgw csxecgw csxecgw csxe½&bl xhr dh 'kq:vkr vk'kk djrh
gSa] ysfdu tc jQh ^;s bartkj Hkh ,d bfErgku gksrk gS* ds
lkFk izos'k djrs gSa rks vk'kk ihNs jg tkrh gSaA
l ^vks esjs lksuk js* ¼rhljh eaftyrhljh eaftyrhljh eaftyrhljh eaftyrhljh eafty½&bl xkus esa Hkh jQh xhr ds
yxHkx vUr esa vkrs gSa] ysfdu muds vkus ds ckn bl xhr ij
dsoy mUgha dk opZLo gksrk gSA
fgUnh fQYeksa esas ,sls xhr Hkjs iM+s gSa ftuesa jQh dk xhr esa izos'k

54 n esjh vkokt+ lquksvkokt dh tknwxjh n 53
nsj ls gksrk gS] ysfdu xhr esa vius izos'k ds rqjar ckn mldh dsUnzh;
vkokt cu tkrs gSaA is'k gS dqN vkSj felky&
l ^jkts fny muls Nqik;k uk x;k* ¼viuk cuk ds ns[kks½¼viuk cuk ds ns[kks½¼viuk cuk ds ns[kks½¼viuk cuk ds ns[kks½¼viuk cuk ds ns[kks½
l ^tjk lqu glhuk&,& uktuhu* ¼dkSu viuk dkSu ijk;k½¼dkSu viuk dkSu ijk;k½¼dkSu viuk dkSu ijk;k½¼dkSu viuk dkSu ijk;k½¼dkSu viuk dkSu ijk;k½
l ^vaf[k;k¡ lax vaf[k;k¡ yx vkt* ¼cM+k HkkbZ½¼cM+k HkkbZ½¼cM+k HkkbZ½¼cM+k HkkbZ½¼cM+k HkkbZ½
l ^tjk lkeus rks vkvks Nfy,* ¼tue tue ds Qsjs½¼tue tue ds Qsjs½¼tue tue ds Qsjs½¼tue tue ds Qsjs½¼tue tue ds Qsjs½
l ^;gh gS reUuk* ¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡½¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡½¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡½¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡½¼vkidh ijNkb;k¡½
l ^viuh rks gj vkg* ¼dkyk cktkj½¼dkyk cktkj½¼dkyk cktkj½¼dkyk cktkj½¼dkyk cktkj½
l ^pqjk fy;k gS rqeus tks fny dks* ¼;knksa dh ckjkr½¼;knksa dh ckjkr½¼;knksa dh ckjkr½¼;knksa dh ckjkr½¼;knksa dh ckjkr½
nwljh rjQ ,sls dbZ xhr gSa ftuesa jQh xkus dks 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj
lg xk;d@xkf;dk dk nsj ls izos'k gksrk gS] ysfdu og vius opZLo dks
cjdjkj j[krs gSaA felky ds rkSj ij ^oks tc ;kn vk;s cgqr ;kn vk,*
¼ikjlef.k½¼ikjlef.k½¼ikjlef.k½¼ikjlef.k½¼ikjlef.k½ dh 'kq:vkr jQh djrs gSa] ysfdu xkus esa yrk ds foyafCkr
izos'k dk irk Hkh ugha pyrk gSA
xk;u esa vfHku;xk;u esa vfHku;xk;u esa vfHku;xk;u esa vfHku;xk;u esa vfHku;
jQh lkgcjQh lkgcjQh lkgcjQh lkgcjQh lkgc xhrksa esa dsoy lqjhyh vkokt ,oa Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaxhrksa esa dsoy lqjhyh vkokt ,oa Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaxhrksa esa dsoy lqjhyh vkokt ,oa Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaxhrksa esa dsoy lqjhyh vkokt ,oa Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaxhrksa esa dsoy lqjhyh vkokt ,oa Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ugha
gksrh Fkh cfYd vfHku; dk iqV gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa fdlh vfHkusrkgksrh Fkh cfYd vfHku; dk iqV gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa fdlh vfHkusrkgksrh Fkh cfYd vfHku; dk iqV gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa fdlh vfHkusrkgksrh Fkh cfYd vfHku; dk iqV gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa fdlh vfHkusrkgksrh Fkh cfYd vfHku; dk iqV gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa fdlh vfHkusrk
ds insZ ij vfHku; dh 'kq:vkr jQh lkgc ds xhr ls gh gks tkrh FkhAds insZ ij vfHku; dh 'kq:vkr jQh lkgc ds xhr ls gh gks tkrh FkhAds insZ ij vfHku; dh 'kq:vkr jQh lkgc ds xhr ls gh gks tkrh FkhAds insZ ij vfHku; dh 'kq:vkr jQh lkgc ds xhr ls gh gks tkrh FkhAds insZ ij vfHku; dh 'kq:vkr jQh lkgc ds xhr ls gh gks tkrh FkhA
'kEeh diwj dgrs gSa fd jQh lkgc ftl rjg ls xkrs gSa mlh rjg ls'kEeh diwj dgrs gSa fd jQh lkgc ftl rjg ls xkrs gSa mlh rjg ls'kEeh diwj dgrs gSa fd jQh lkgc ftl rjg ls xkrs gSa mlh rjg ls'kEeh diwj dgrs gSa fd jQh lkgc ftl rjg ls xkrs gSa mlh rjg ls'kEeh diwj dgrs gSa fd jQh lkgc ftl rjg ls xkrs gSa mlh rjg ls
og insZ ij vfHku; djrs gSa vkSj blfy;s og xhrksa dh fjdkfMZax ds le;og insZ ij vfHku; djrs gSa vkSj blfy;s og xhrksa dh fjdkfMZax ds le;og insZ ij vfHku; djrs gSa vkSj blfy;s og xhrksa dh fjdkfMZax ds le;og insZ ij vfHku; djrs gSa vkSj blfy;s og xhrksa dh fjdkfMZax ds le;og insZ ij vfHku; djrs gSa vkSj blfy;s og xhrksa dh fjdkfMZax ds le;
vDlj ekStwn jgrs FksA fjdkfMZax ds le; og jQh lkgc dh ,d&,dvDlj ekStwn jgrs FksA fjdkfMZax ds le; og jQh lkgc dh ,d&,dvDlj ekStwn jgrs FksA fjdkfMZax ds le; og jQh lkgc dh ,d&,dvDlj ekStwn jgrs FksA fjdkfMZax ds le; og jQh lkgc dh ,d&,dvDlj ekStwn jgrs FksA fjdkfMZax ds le; og jQh lkgc dh ,d&,d
gjdr dks ns[krs Fks vkSj insZ ij mrkjrs FksA og dgrs Fks] ^^jQh HkkbZ]gjdr dks ns[krs Fks vkSj insZ ij mrkjrs FksA og dgrs Fks] ^^jQh HkkbZ]gjdr dks ns[krs Fks vkSj insZ ij mrkjrs FksA og dgrs Fks] ^^jQh HkkbZ]gjdr dks ns[krs Fks vkSj insZ ij mrkjrs FksA og dgrs Fks] ^^jQh HkkbZ]gjdr dks ns[krs Fks vkSj insZ ij mrkjrs FksA og dgrs Fks] ^^jQh HkkbZ]
vki tSlk xk,axs] eSa oSlh gh ,fDVax d:axkA^^vki tSlk xk,axs] eSa oSlh gh ,fDVax d:axkA^^vki tSlk xk,axs] eSa oSlh gh ,fDVax d:axkA^^vki tSlk xk,axs] eSa oSlh gh ,fDVax d:axkA^^vki tSlk xk,axs] eSa oSlh gh ,fDVax d:axkA^^
esjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhresjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhresjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhresjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhresjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhr
jQh us vius 35 lky ds fQYe laxhr ds dSfj;j esa ukS'kkn] lfpu nso
ceZu] lh- jkepUnzz] jkS'ku] 'kadj&t;fd'ku] enu eksgu] vksih- uS;j]
fp=kxqIr] dY;k.kth&vkuUnth] y{ehdkUr&I;kjsyky] lfyy pkSèkjh]
johUnz tSu] bdcky dqjs'kh] m"kk [kUuk] jfo vkSj jkgqy nso ceZu tSls
laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk feydj laxhr ds tknw fc[ksjsA
ukS'kkn vyhukS'kkn vyhukS'kkn vyhukS'kkn vyhukS'kkn vyh
laxhr esa tks LFkku ukS'kkn dk gS] xk;u esa ogh LFkku eksgEen jQh dk
gSA ukS'kkn laxhr lezkV gSa rks jQh xk;u lezkV gaSA iq#"k ik'oZxk;dksa
esa jQh us ukS'kkn ds lèks funsZ'ku esa gh lcls T;knk izflf) gkfly dhA
lu~ 1952 esa cuh cSTkw ckojkcSTkw ckojkcSTkw ckojkcSTkw ckojkcSTkw ckojk us ukS'kkn&jQh dh tksM+h dks vHkwriwoZ Å¡pkb;ksa
rd igq¡pk fn;kA blls igys rd jQh viuh vkokt dh vyx igpku

56 n esjh vkokt+ lquksesjs lqj vkSj rsjs xhr n 55
dh ryk'k esa Fks vkSj
eqds'k] ryr
egewn] eUuk Ms
rFkk gseUr dqekj tSls ledkyhu xk;dksa ls mudh dM+h izfrLièkkZ Fkh
ysfdu cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk us ukS'kkn vkSj jQh ds fy, eSnku fcYdqy lkQ dj
fn;kA okLro esa cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk fgUnh flus&laxhr ds fy, ehy dk iRFkj
lkfcr gqbZ D;ksafd ml le; tc fgUnh flus laxhr esa fons'kh pyu dk
vkxeu gks jgk Fkk] ukS'kkn us bls ,d LoLFk 'kkL=kh; fn'kk iznku dhA
cStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojkcStw ckojk us Hkkjr Hkw"k.k dks mudh NksVh Hkwfedk ds ckotwn LVkj cuk
fn;kA bl fQYe esa feyh lQyrk ds ckn ukS'kkn us jQh dh vkokt
ds u;s&u;s vk;ke ryk'kus 'kq: fd,A ukS'kkn us bl vR;Ur cgqeq[kh
izfrHkkoku xk;d dks ml jkLrs ij vkxs c<+k fn;k ftl ij pydj
mUgksaus yksxksa ds eu esa ,slh l'kDr Nfo cukbZ] tks Hkkjrh; flusek ds
bfrgkl esa fdlh vU; iq#"k ik'oZ xk;d dks ulhc ugha gqbZA
;kn jgs] 1946 esa jQh tc ukS'kkn ds ikl vius igys ,dy xhr
^rsjk f[kykSuk VwVk ckyd* ¼vueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+h½ ds fy, vk, rks og fcYdqy
u;s FksA tkfgj rkSj ij muds xys esa ^lqjksa dk [ktkuk Fkk*] ysfdu ml
[ktkus dks fudkyus ds fy, fdlh ,sls iz;ksxèkehZ vkSj ikj[kh vkneh dh
t:jr Fkh tks turk dh uCt igpkurk gksA bls pkgs la;ksx dgsa ;k
fu;fr dk foèkku] ukS'kkn us jQh dh vkokt esa fNis laHkkfor 'kkL=kh;
lkeF;Z dks igpkuk] fu[kkjk vkSj fQj lHkh ds lkeus yk;kA
yksxksa dh tqcku ij p<+us okyh èkquksa dh jpuk dsoy ukS'kkn ds
cl dh ckr FkhA ;g 'kk;n fofèk dk foèkku gh Fkk fd 'kkL=kh; laxhr
dks vke yksxksa rd igq¡pkus ds ukS'kkn ds vfHk;ku esa jQh dks viuh
vkokt nsdj Hkwfedk vnk djuh FkhA jQh tc ukS'kkn ds ikl igyh ckj
vk, Fks] rc fganh fQYe laxhr ds vkdk'k ij dbZ xk;d Nk;s gq, Fks
vkSj 'kkL=kh; laxhr ds dbZ egkjFkh Fks ysfdu fu;fr us og lkeF;Z
dsoy ukS'kkn dks c['kh Fkh ftlds cycwrs ij mUgksaus jQh dh vkokt
esa ,slh izokgiw.kZ vfHkO;fDr iSnk dh] tSlk dksbZ vU; xk;d ugha dj
ldrk FkkA jQh dh vkokt ukS'kkn ds funsZf'kr xkuksa ls gh mRd`"Vrk
rd igq¡phA jQh dh mnwZ 'kSyh] mudk ygtk] vkjksg&vojksg vkSj mudh
fofoèk vk;keh xk;u {kerk ukS'kkn ds laxhr funsZ'ku esa fu[kj dj ,d
,sls eqdke rd igq¡p x;h] tgk¡ rd
igq¡puk fdlh vU; xk;d ds fy,
vlaHko FkkA ukS'kkn ds fy, Hkkjrh;
flusek esa dsoy ,d gh ik'oZxk;d
xk;u ds lHkh xq.kksa ls lEiUu Fks vkSj
og Fks eksgEen jQhA ukS'kkn vkSj jQh
us Js"Bre xhr&laxhr dk l`tu fd;k
D;ksafd nksuksa ,d nwljs ds fy, gh cus
FksA D;k dHkh dksbZ nwljk ukS'kkn ;k
nwljk jQh gks ldrk gS fu'p; gh
ge vc dHkh Hkh fQYe laxhr dh
eq[; èkkjk esa ukS'kkn&jQh tSlh
mRd`"V tksM+h ugha ns[k ldsaxsA
UkkS'kkn us igyh ckj 1944 esa
fQYe igys vkiigys vkiigys vkiigys vkiigys vki ds fy, ^fgUnqLrku
ds ge gSa] fgUnksLrk¡ gekjk gS* xhr
esa jQh dks xk;u dk ekSdk fn;kA
;g ukS'kkn ds fy;s xk;k jQh dk
igyk xhr FkkA bl xhr ds cksyksa esa
,d ;qok dk ns'k ds izfr viuh
mEehnksa] pkgrksa vkSj tks'k dk o.kZu
FkkA tYn gh jQh lpeqp fgUnqqLrku
dh vkokt cu x,A o"kZ 1946 esa
vueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+hvueksy ?kM+h ds xkuksa ls jQh vkSj
ukS'kkn ds fj'rksa esa og etcwrh vkbZ]
tks mudh o"kks± dh yEch lQyrk dk
vkèkkj FkhA
;g 'kk;n jQh dh
vuq'kklu'khy vkSj mlwyksa okyh
ftUnxh gh Fkh] ftlds dkj.k ukS'kkn
jQh dks bruk T;knk ilUn djrs FksA fjdkfM±x ds nkSjku ryr egewn
ds èkweziku djus ds dkj.k ;g ijQsD'kfuLV laxhrdkj ukjkt gks x,
^^,d izf'kf{kr xk;d gksus ds
ckotwn Hkh eSa dHkh jQh dh izflf)
dh Å¡pkb;ksa dks ugha Nw ldkA
mUgksaus cgqr ls vPNs xkus xk,
ftUgsa xkus dh mEehn eSa dHkh
ugha dj ldrkA mudh 'kSyh
fcYdqy vyx FkhA eSa [kqn tc
vdsyk gksrk gw¡ rks jQh ds xkus
xkrk gw¡A og mPpdksfV ds xk;d
FksA og yrk dh gh rjg xSj
izf'kf{kr xk;d Fks] ysfdu mudh
vkokt Hkxoku dh nsu FkhA blds
vykok vkSj dqN ugha gks ldrkA
eSa dbZ lkyksa ls xk jgk gw¡A eSaus
fdrus gh xk;dksa dks ns[kk vkSj
lquk gSA ysfdu lcls mRd`"V xkus
ogh gSa tks eksgEen jQh us xk,
gSaA eksgEen jQh ,d ckn'kkg Fks
vkSj eSaus mudh lQyrk ij dHkh
}s"k ugha fd;k] D;ksafd eSa tkurk
Fkk fd okLro esa og eq>ls csgrj
gaSA esjs le; esa cgqr cM+s&cM+s
xk;d FksA jQh Hkh Fks vkSj og
cgqr egku xk;d FksA os lcds
fy, xkrs Fks&ghjks] dkesfM;u]
foysu&lcds fy,A tks jQh us xk
fn;k] ml xkus ds ckjs esa vki
lius esa Hkh ugha lksp ldrsA eSa
muds Lrj ds cjkcj vkus dk nkok
^rw gh Fkk I;kj dk ,d lktA
uQjr dh bl nqfu;k esa] xuher Fkh rsjh vkoktA*

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