2. • The menstrual cycle is the regular natural changes that occurs in
the uterus and ovaries that make pregnancy possible
Cycle is required
for the production of eggs for the preparation of
the uterus for pregnancy
3. Fertility .
Fertile period- ( the time with the highest likelihood of
pregnancy resulting from sexual intercourse ) covers the time
from about 5 days before and until 2 days after ovulation.
In a 28-day cycle with a 14- day of luteal phase corresponds to
the second and the beginning of the third week.
The menstrual cycle can be described by the ovarian or uterine
cycle.
Ovarian cycle describes changes that occur in the follicles of the
ovary
Uterine cycle describes changes in the endometrial lining of the
uterus.
4. Ovulation mature egg is released from the ovarian
follicles in the oviduct.
After being released from the ovary, the egg is swept into the
fallopian tube by the fimbria, which is a fringe of tissue at
the end of each fallopian tube.
An unfertilized egg will disintegrate or dissolve in the
fallopian tube.
5.
6. Fertilization by a spermatozoon - takes place in the
ampulla, the widest section of the fallopian tubes.
A fertilized egg immediately begins the process of
embryogenesis or development.
The development embryo takes about 3 days to reach
the uterus and another 3 days to implant into the
endomterium.
It has usually reached the blastocyst stage at the time
of implantation .
7.
8.
9. We have some definitions they are:
Gestational age (GA): The time of pregnancy counting from
the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) Gestational
age is the common term used during pregnancy to describe how
far along the pregnancy is. It is measured in weeks, from the
first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date.
A normal pregnancy can range from 38 to 42 weeks.
Developmental age: The time of pregnancy counting from
fertilization
First trimester : 0-13 weeks
Second trimester : 14-27 weeks
Third trimester : 28weeks to birth
Preterm: 22-37weeks
Term :37-42weeks
10. Uterus during pregnancy:
During pregnancy the uterus undergoes remarkable
growth due to hypertrophy of muscle fibers. Its size
increases from 70 g in the nonpregnant, to about 1100
g at term. The total volume averages about 5l. As
growth proceeds , the uterine fundus , a previously
flattened convexity between tubal insertions becomes
dome-shaped. The round ligaments appear to insert at
the junction of middle and upper thirds of the organ.
The fallopian tubes elongate , but ovaries grossly
appear unchanged.
11. Fundal Height :
As the fetus grows, the leading edge of the uterus or the
fundus grows superiorly in the abdomen, toward the
maternal head. Fundal height (in cm) roughly corresponds
to gestational age ( measured in weeks)
• Uterus at level of pubic symphysis: 12 weeks
• Uterus between pubic symphysis and umbilicus : 16 weeks
• Uterus at the level of umbilicus : 20-22 weeks
• Uterine height correlates to weeks gestation : 20-36 weeks
• Fundal height (cm) should correlate to gestational age (weeks)
± 3. If not, consider inaccurate dating (which is the most
common), or molar pregnancy. After approximately 36 weeks
gestation, the fundal height may not correspond to the
gestational age due to the fetal descent into the pelvis
