1) The document summarizes Gregor Mendel's work and achievements, describing how through years of experimentation with pea plants, he was able to discover the laws of genetics and heredity, making him the "Father of Modern Genetics." 2) It then discusses some of the modern implications of genetics research, including advances like the Human Genome Project, as well as ethical questions around genetic testing and manipulation. 3) As an example, it analyzes the dilemmas faced by the main character in Mendel's Dwarf, who must decide whether to select for a normal or dwarf child, highlighting ongoing debates around the ethics of new genetic technologies.

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Maria Rojas
February 26, 2012
The Heroic Narrative in Science: Gregor Mendel
In “Philosophically Correct Science Stories? Examining the Implications of Heroic
Science Stories for School Science,” Catherine Milne describes three types of scientific heroes.
The first type of scientist is an experimenter who presents his work with caution and is humble
about his own achievements. The second type is well connected and has influence within his
disciplinary field. Lastly, the third type of hero is one that “listen[s] to the material” and develops
a “feeling for the organism” (Milne, pg. 182). According to these descriptions, Gregor Mendel
seems to fall within the third category.
Born in 1822 to a peasant parents, young Gregor Mendel was an unlikely candidate to
become the famous and heroic scientist he is know for today. Since early childhood, his parents
had difficulties with providing him with education (obviously he is not the second type of
scientist). Nevertheless, Mendel, as good heroic scientist, had an inner calling for learning.
Although he met with economic hardships at first, he became a monk at the Brunn Monastery,
escaping from poverty while gaining education. As he himself put it, “His circumstances decided
his vocational choice” (“Gregor Mendel’s Autobiography,” pg. 234). While at the Brunn
Monastery, he began to develop a special interest in the natural science. This developed interest
became stronger as he went to the University of Vienna. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately,
Mendel failed to pass his teacher’s examinations at Vienna, forcing him into going back to the
monastery, were he begins to experiment with pea plants.

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During 1856-1865, Mendel becomes quite obsessed with artificial pollination and
selective breeding with Pisum sativum, growing thousands of plants to closely examine the
outcomes (which we now know as heredity). As he began his work, he did not know exactly
what to expect. Yet, he did notice that there was a strange pattern going on and was curious to
find out what is causing it. After years of deep analysis, he listened to what nature had to tell him
through statistics, and finally discovered the nature of genetics. He distinguished the ratio of
dominant against recessive genes (3:1 respectively), and established the law of Segregation of
Characteristics and law of Independent Assortment. In other words, it is the brilliant moment that
Gregor Mendel achieved his status as a heroic scientist: he became the Father of Modern
Genetics. Unlike the first type of heroic scientist, soon after his discovery, Mendel became eager
about his work and wanted to present it to the rest of the scientific community. He reported his
experiments to the Brunn Natural Science Society and soon afterwards published Experiment in
Plant Hybridization. Unfortunately, he was thirty years ahead of his contemporaries, thus his
work was not well received. It was not until 1900, when the significance of genetics and heredity
were acknowledged.
Although Gregor Mendel’s discovery in itself does not seem to propose a deep or
complex social message (it just explains the observations we have noticed for centuries), the
expansion of modern genetics does. Not only do we understand the significance of genetics, but
our modern technology has enabled us to do things that were unthinkable back then! The Human
Genome Project has been conducted, we know that we have over 3 billion pairs of nucleotides
bases, and we can even predict inherited abnormalities and diseases! Yet the problem is, or
ethical question is, should we know all this? And if we do, should we manipulate it?

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Such questions are presented in Mendel’s Dwarf, were the protagonist, the dwarf
geneticist Benedict Lambert, is struggling with the ethics of his profession. Due to his
abnormality, he has lived a hard life, desperately searching for someone who would care for him.
When he finally does (sort of), the love of his life, Jean, proposes to have a child—not like him.
He is well aware that it is the only opportunity he’ll ever have to continue his lineage, to pass on
his genes, AND that he can choose them. Thus, this presents an internal-conflict, for he has three
options: 1) choose a normal child, 2) choose a dwarf child, or 3) let chance decide. All of these
options are conflicting in their own way because on one hand, if Benedict chooses a dwarf child,
he is accepting his own reality, yet the child will be prone to live his own hardships. On the other
hand, if he choses a normal child, the child will be spared from a difficult life.
Although this book is centered on the main character, its ethical issues could be applied
to society overall. The ability of genetic testing and selection can be very beneficial, but also
troubling. We can predict and prevent diseases, but also become obsessed with creating “perfect”
children. Hence, the question of whether modern genetics are really ethical is still up to debate!

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Works Cited
“Gregor Mendel’s Autobiography.” Journal of Heredity 45.5 (1954): 231-234.
Mawer, Simon. Mendel’s Dwarf. New York: Penguin Books, 1999. Print.
Milne, Catherine. “Philosophically Correct Science Stories? Examining the Implications of
Heroic Science Stories for School Science.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching
35.2 (1998): 175-187. Web. 27 Feb 2010.