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MEMORIAL SITES IN
POLAND AFTER 1945
COMMEMORATION OF
HOLOCAUST
1944-1949
• 1944-1945 – liberation
of concentration camps
at Majdanek and in
Auschwitz-Birkenau
• Majdanek and Auschwitz
as two symbols of Polish
martyrdom
• „Polonisation” and
„internationalisation” of
the victims in official
propaganda
• Cooperation of Central
Jewish Committee in
Poland in the policy of
establishment of the
museums
Majdanek 1944 – ruins of the
crematorium
Auschwitz I - 1945
1944-1949
FORGOTTEN CAMPS OF HOLOCAUST
• Chełmno nad Nerem,
Bełżec, Sobibór and
Treblinka – liquidated
and forgotten death
camps
• 1944-1949 – Proces of
devastation of the
territories of former
death camps
• Death camps (except
Treblinka) abandoned
even by Jewish
organisations in
Poland
Territory of Bełżec death camp in
1946
Treblinka in 1945 – desecrated
territory of the camp
1944-1949
OFFICIAL MEMORY
• 1947 – Establishment of the states museums at Majdanek
and Auschwitz-Birkenau
• Auschwitz-Birkenau as main symbol of Polish martyrdom
• Plans to create Majdanek as central museum of Soviet
POWs and in Auschwitz-Birkenau the central exhibition
about Holocaust in Poland
Catholic service at Majdanek
1945 Jewish memorial in
Auschwitz-Birkenau 1948
1949-1956
Bełżec
Sobibór
Majdanek
1956-1968
• 1956 – discussions about
commemoration of the
forgotten camps of
Holocaust and renovation
existed memorial
museums
• 1963-1965 – first
memorials in former death
camps as the answer on
the first German
investigations and trials
• Manipulisation connected
with identity of the victims
Bełżec – first memorial
1963
Chełmno – memorial from 1965 without
mention about Jews
1956-1968
• 1958 – first museal
exhibition in Gross-Rosen
(official museum as
institution was established
in 1983)
• 1962 – establishment of
official museum in Stutthof
• 1964 – Treblinka as the
example of the one official
memorial with the
elements of Jewish
tradition
Gross-Rosen – memorial
from 1953
Treblinka – memorial from 1964. Hebrew
inscription only from 2004
1956-1968
Sobibór – memorial from
1965
Lublin – memorial to the
victims of Holocaust, 1963
Jewish cemetery in Izbica, memorial
from 1962
1968-1981
• 1968 – antisemitic
campigne in Poland and
total manipulisation of
the historiography
about Holocaust in
Poland
• 1968-1969 – antisemitic
slogans during the
ceremonies of the
opening of new
memorial sites
• 1968-1981 – silent over
former death camps
Majdanek 1969 – opening
ceremony of memorials
Sobibór – memorial plaque where
central place among the victims had
Soviet POWs
1981-1989
• First discussions about
Polish-Jewish relations
during Holocaust
• First official and semi-
official
commemorations of the
events connected with
the fate of Polish Jews
during II World War
• Private intiatives
connected with
construction of the
memorials
Lublin Jewish cemetery – memorial
from 1987
Majdanek – first official ceremony
commemorated „Erntefest” execution was
organised in 1983
After 1989
Bełżec – new memorial since
2004 as the effect of Polish-
American cooperation
Chełmno – memorial to the
Jews deported from Łódź
Sobibór – Avenue of
Memory
Frampol – memorial on the
Jewish cemetery; effect of the
cooperation of Polish school and
Jewish survivors from Frampol
• Sources:
• Archive of Majdanek State Museum
• Archive of Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum
• Ghetto Fighters House
• Private collection of author

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Memorial_sites_in_Poland.ppt

  • 1. MEMORIAL SITES IN POLAND AFTER 1945 COMMEMORATION OF HOLOCAUST
  • 2. 1944-1949 • 1944-1945 – liberation of concentration camps at Majdanek and in Auschwitz-Birkenau • Majdanek and Auschwitz as two symbols of Polish martyrdom • „Polonisation” and „internationalisation” of the victims in official propaganda • Cooperation of Central Jewish Committee in Poland in the policy of establishment of the museums Majdanek 1944 – ruins of the crematorium Auschwitz I - 1945
  • 3. 1944-1949 FORGOTTEN CAMPS OF HOLOCAUST • Chełmno nad Nerem, Bełżec, Sobibór and Treblinka – liquidated and forgotten death camps • 1944-1949 – Proces of devastation of the territories of former death camps • Death camps (except Treblinka) abandoned even by Jewish organisations in Poland Territory of Bełżec death camp in 1946 Treblinka in 1945 – desecrated territory of the camp
  • 4. 1944-1949 OFFICIAL MEMORY • 1947 – Establishment of the states museums at Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau • Auschwitz-Birkenau as main symbol of Polish martyrdom • Plans to create Majdanek as central museum of Soviet POWs and in Auschwitz-Birkenau the central exhibition about Holocaust in Poland Catholic service at Majdanek 1945 Jewish memorial in Auschwitz-Birkenau 1948
  • 6. 1956-1968 • 1956 – discussions about commemoration of the forgotten camps of Holocaust and renovation existed memorial museums • 1963-1965 – first memorials in former death camps as the answer on the first German investigations and trials • Manipulisation connected with identity of the victims Bełżec – first memorial 1963 Chełmno – memorial from 1965 without mention about Jews
  • 7. 1956-1968 • 1958 – first museal exhibition in Gross-Rosen (official museum as institution was established in 1983) • 1962 – establishment of official museum in Stutthof • 1964 – Treblinka as the example of the one official memorial with the elements of Jewish tradition Gross-Rosen – memorial from 1953 Treblinka – memorial from 1964. Hebrew inscription only from 2004
  • 8. 1956-1968 Sobibór – memorial from 1965 Lublin – memorial to the victims of Holocaust, 1963 Jewish cemetery in Izbica, memorial from 1962
  • 9. 1968-1981 • 1968 – antisemitic campigne in Poland and total manipulisation of the historiography about Holocaust in Poland • 1968-1969 – antisemitic slogans during the ceremonies of the opening of new memorial sites • 1968-1981 – silent over former death camps Majdanek 1969 – opening ceremony of memorials Sobibór – memorial plaque where central place among the victims had Soviet POWs
  • 10. 1981-1989 • First discussions about Polish-Jewish relations during Holocaust • First official and semi- official commemorations of the events connected with the fate of Polish Jews during II World War • Private intiatives connected with construction of the memorials Lublin Jewish cemetery – memorial from 1987 Majdanek – first official ceremony commemorated „Erntefest” execution was organised in 1983
  • 11. After 1989 Bełżec – new memorial since 2004 as the effect of Polish- American cooperation Chełmno – memorial to the Jews deported from Łódź Sobibór – Avenue of Memory Frampol – memorial on the Jewish cemetery; effect of the cooperation of Polish school and Jewish survivors from Frampol
  • 12. • Sources: • Archive of Majdanek State Museum • Archive of Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum • Ghetto Fighters House • Private collection of author