This document discusses secondary manufacturing industries in Pakistan. It provides examples of medium-scale industries like furniture manufacturing and describes their production processes. Specific industries covered include furniture making, rubber processing, tea processing, and palm oil processing. For each, the key input materials, labor, capital, and production steps are outlined. The document aims to describe secondary manufacturing and household industries in Pakistan.

1. Geography
Class: 7
By Irum Iqbal
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2.  List examples of secondary manufacturing
industries of Pakistan.
 Describe the processes in secondary
manufacturing, engineering and household
industries
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3.  Medium scale industry
 About 80 workers
 Situated in SITE (Sindh Industrial Trading
Estate)
 Input-processes-output
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4.  Raw material(wood, glue, nails, lacquer)
 labour (skilled workers: 4 managers, 60
workers, 5 supervisors, 8 maintenance
workers)
 Capital (investment for workshop machinery)
 Power supply (for machinery lights)
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5.  Step1: Seasoning and drying
 Step 2: Peeling and sawing
 Step 3: Drying the vaneer (thin slices 0.5 mm
thick)
 Step 4: Glueing
 Step 5: Pressing the doors
 Step 6: Lacquering
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6.  Sold in markets
 Used in various tertiary industries e.g. hotels,
hospitals, educational institutions, etc
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7.  Rubber processing
 Tea processing
 Palm oil processing
They employ 100 or more workers. Each
worker usually works on just one stage of
manufacturing process.
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8.  Coagulation
Acid is added to the latex in tanks which
becomes spongy and thick.
 Rolling
Slabs of thick latex are rolled into thin sheets.
 Drying
The thin sheets of latex are hung on racks to
dry.
 Smoking
The dried sheets are smoked.
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9.  Withering:
The leaves are spread on trays and dried
through hot air, blown by fans
 Rolling
The withered leaves are thrown into a machine
to break them up.
 Fermenting
The rolled leaves are spread on trays to
ferment.
 Drying
The fermented leaves are dried and packed in
large wooden tea-chests.
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10.  Oil palm fruits are sterilized by high pressure
steam.
 The sterilized Fruits are separated from the
stalks.
 The palm fruit is cooked in steam to soften it.
 The palm oil is extracted and purified.
 The purified oil is pumped into storage tanks.
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11.  Choose any one of the manufacturing
industries and discuss the processes that can
help in its growth. 5marks
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12. THANK YOU
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