This document summarizes a case study on Malaysians' perceptions of medical marijuana. It includes sections on the background, problem statement, limitations, research questions/objectives, and a literature review on the history and current uses of medical marijuana. The study involved an online/paper survey of 150 Malaysians about their views. Key findings include that 61% saw marijuana as a medicine, 59% thought it was least harmful compared to alcohol/cigarettes, and 81% supported legalizing it medically. The conclusion is that Malaysians have a generally positive view and global studies support medical uses, so the country has potential to legalize it for patients.
This document is a project report submitted by Lilian Christian Schmidt to SEGi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Mass Communication. The report examines Malaysians' perceptions of medical marijuana and its potential legalization. It conducted an online survey of 150 Malaysian citizens in Selangor using non-probability sampling. The survey aimed to determine perceptions of marijuana, its medical uses, and the possibility of legalizing it in Malaysia for medical patients. Extensive research was also incorporated to analyze the potential for legalizing medical marijuana in Malaysia. The findings showed strong support for and a high possibility of legalizing medical marijuana in Malaysia for appropriate patients.
This study examined the demographic profiles, risk factors, health problems, reasons for admission, and knowledge of diabetes patients admitted to BPKIHS hospital in Nepal. The results showed that over half of patients were aged 40-60 years old, Hindu, and married. About 60% had hypertension, 39% had eye problems, and 25% had kidney issues. The top reasons for admission were adjusting insulin doses, investigations, and treating complications. While most patients knew they had diabetes, their knowledge of causes, treatments, and prevention was limited. The study concluded there is a need for diabetes education programs to improve patient knowledge.
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The document summarizes a study on sleep quality and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. It provides background on the increasing prevalence of diabetes, poorer quality of life and sleep quality in those with diabetes compared to those without. The study aims to assess sleep quality and quality of life using validated scales in 180 adults with type 2 diabetes receiving care at a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It describes the methodology used, including a cross-sectional design, convenience sampling, and data collection using questionnaires to measure sleep quality, quality of life, and participant demographics. Preliminary results on the socio-demographic characteristics of participants are also presented.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression in tuberculosis patients and its impact on their quality of life. Some key findings include:
- 37.1% of tuberculosis patients were found to have anxiety and 37.1% had depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, compared to only 8.6% and 2.9% respectively in the control group.
- Quality of life parameters like perceived health, relationships, and occupational role were found to be significantly impacted in tuberculosis patients compared to healthy individuals.
- Higher levels of anxiety and depression were found in tuberculosis patients who had been undergoing treatment for less than 3 months compared to those being treated for longer durations.
This study assessed the impact of pharmacist counseling on treatment outcomes, knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Patients receiving counseling showed greater improvements in blood pressure, blood sugar levels, knowledge, and physical quality of life scores compared to the control group. However, counseling had no significant effect on mental quality of life scores. The study demonstrates that pharmacist counseling can positively impact treatment outcomes and aspects of quality of life for patients managing diabetes and hypertension.
The Presentation will take the reader through various ethical issues in biomedical research. It covers topics like The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, Declaration of Geneva, selected code and regulations that guide research with human subjects, etc.
A comparative clinical study on the effects of mehjama nariya and hijamat bil...Younis I Munshi
This study compared the effects of two Unani medical regimens, Mehjama Nariya (fire cupping) and Hijamat Bila Shurt (dry cupping), on Irqunnasa (sciatica). 40 patients with sciatica were randomly assigned to receive one of the two regimens over 15 days. Both regimens significantly reduced pain scores from baseline to post-treatment based on the Visual Analogue Scale. The mean pain score decreased from 10 to 6 in the fire cupping group and from 9.4 to 6.6 in the dry cupping group. Both treatments also improved function based on Oswestry Disability Index scores. The study concluded that fire cup
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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document is a project report submitted by Lilian Christian Schmidt to SEGi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Mass Communication. The report examines Malaysians' perceptions of medical marijuana and its potential legalization. It conducted an online survey of 150 Malaysian citizens in Selangor using non-probability sampling. The survey aimed to determine perceptions of marijuana, its medical uses, and the possibility of legalizing it in Malaysia for medical patients. Extensive research was also incorporated to analyze the potential for legalizing medical marijuana in Malaysia. The findings showed strong support for and a high possibility of legalizing medical marijuana in Malaysia for appropriate patients.
This study examined the demographic profiles, risk factors, health problems, reasons for admission, and knowledge of diabetes patients admitted to BPKIHS hospital in Nepal. The results showed that over half of patients were aged 40-60 years old, Hindu, and married. About 60% had hypertension, 39% had eye problems, and 25% had kidney issues. The top reasons for admission were adjusting insulin doses, investigations, and treating complications. While most patients knew they had diabetes, their knowledge of causes, treatments, and prevention was limited. The study concluded there is a need for diabetes education programs to improve patient knowledge.
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The document summarizes a study on sleep quality and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. It provides background on the increasing prevalence of diabetes, poorer quality of life and sleep quality in those with diabetes compared to those without. The study aims to assess sleep quality and quality of life using validated scales in 180 adults with type 2 diabetes receiving care at a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It describes the methodology used, including a cross-sectional design, convenience sampling, and data collection using questionnaires to measure sleep quality, quality of life, and participant demographics. Preliminary results on the socio-demographic characteristics of participants are also presented.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression in tuberculosis patients and its impact on their quality of life. Some key findings include:
- 37.1% of tuberculosis patients were found to have anxiety and 37.1% had depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, compared to only 8.6% and 2.9% respectively in the control group.
- Quality of life parameters like perceived health, relationships, and occupational role were found to be significantly impacted in tuberculosis patients compared to healthy individuals.
- Higher levels of anxiety and depression were found in tuberculosis patients who had been undergoing treatment for less than 3 months compared to those being treated for longer durations.
This study assessed the impact of pharmacist counseling on treatment outcomes, knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Patients receiving counseling showed greater improvements in blood pressure, blood sugar levels, knowledge, and physical quality of life scores compared to the control group. However, counseling had no significant effect on mental quality of life scores. The study demonstrates that pharmacist counseling can positively impact treatment outcomes and aspects of quality of life for patients managing diabetes and hypertension.
The Presentation will take the reader through various ethical issues in biomedical research. It covers topics like The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, Declaration of Geneva, selected code and regulations that guide research with human subjects, etc.
A comparative clinical study on the effects of mehjama nariya and hijamat bil...Younis I Munshi
This study compared the effects of two Unani medical regimens, Mehjama Nariya (fire cupping) and Hijamat Bila Shurt (dry cupping), on Irqunnasa (sciatica). 40 patients with sciatica were randomly assigned to receive one of the two regimens over 15 days. Both regimens significantly reduced pain scores from baseline to post-treatment based on the Visual Analogue Scale. The mean pain score decreased from 10 to 6 in the fire cupping group and from 9.4 to 6.6 in the dry cupping group. Both treatments also improved function based on Oswestry Disability Index scores. The study concluded that fire cup
Sensorineural hearing loss in Type 2 diabetes mellitusiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Marijuana is a banned drug in many countries over the world. Although it is effective in treating nausea associated with chemotherapy as well as in increasing appetite in HIV patients. inspite of being useful in giving palliative care to terminal patients, marijuana is a banned drug in india and many other countries. This slide deals with the ethical issues in the medical use of marijuana.
POINTS TO BE INCLUDED
Definition, scope,
Technical definitions, common terminologies used in clinical
settings
Daily activities of clinical pharmacists
Ward round participation
Treatment Chart Review
Adverse drug reaction monitoring
Interprofessional collaboration
This document discusses medical cannabis and contains information from several sources. It provides an overview of a lecture on the history, plant properties, and medical uses of cannabinoids. It also discusses research showing 40% of adolescents experience withdrawal symptoms from cannabis and its prevalence of use in the US. The document outlines reasons for medical and recreational cannabis use and notes many medical patients used cannabis before receiving approval. It discusses the use of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription medications. The document covers reported experiences of cannabis users for glaucoma and reviews finding no evidence it benefits glaucoma over other treatments. It lists conditions for which cannabis is approved and closes with notes on physicians recommending medical cannabis.
Lehne’s Pharmacology for Nursing Care.pdfwakogeleta
This document is the 10th edition of Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care textbook. It is authored by Jacqueline Rosenjack Burchum and Laura D. Rosenthal and is intended to be used by nursing students and nurses. The textbook contains over 1300 pages organized into 20 units covering various topics in pharmacology. It uses large and small print to distinguish essential core information from additional details, aiming to help readers focus on the most important concepts.
This document is the 10th edition of Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care textbook. It is authored by Jacqueline Rosenjack Burchum and Laura D. Rosenthal and is intended to be used by nursing students and nurses. The textbook contains over 1300 pages organized into 20 units covering various topics in pharmacology. It uses large and small print to distinguish essential core information from additional details, aiming to help readers focus on the most important concepts.
This document discusses pharmacotherapy and rational drug use. It explains that pharmacotherapy aims to safely and effectively manage drug administration based on an understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to optimize dosing for each patient. Rational drug use requires that patients receive appropriate medications, doses, treatment duration and lowest cost. Irrational drug use can result in treatment failure, increased toxicity and drug resistance. The document outlines various factors that influence drug use and can lead to irrational prescribing, dispensing and non-adherence.
Antipsychotics are medications used to treat psychosis and other mental disorders. They were first developed in the 1950s with chlorpromazine and haloperidol as the earliest examples. Antipsychotics are classified into three main types: phenothiazines, butyraphenones, and thioxanthenes. More recently, atypical antipsychotics like clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone were developed which have fewer side effects. Antipsychotics are indicated for disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others. Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients taking these medications for side effects.
Lets Talk Research 2015 - Ann Caress - Becoming a successful researcher!NHSNWRD
This document outlines the career and research interests of Professor Ann-Louise Caress. She began her career as a staff nurse in renal care in 1982 and obtained her PhD in 1996. Her research focuses on patient and carer experiences living with long-term conditions like COPD and renal disease. She is interested in topics like symptom perceptions, information needs, decision-making preferences, and self-management. She has conducted numerous studies on these topics in respiratory and renal conditions. Professor Caress also advocates for patient and public involvement in research.
Introduction to pharmacology 2018 updated Ahmed Ali
This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in pharmacology. It discusses what pharmacology is, the rational use of drugs, and drug characteristics such as sources, classification, and names. It outlines major drug uses in clinical practice and general principles of rational drug prescribing. Key points covered include drug classification systems based on therapeutic use and pharmacologic mechanisms. Adverse drug effects and their specific forms are examined. Pregnancy categories and drug nomenclature are also summarized. The overall objectives of pharmacology and drug therapy are to provide maximum benefit and efficacy while minimizing harm and toxicity.
This document summarizes the key points from a conference on managing risk in the workplace by addressing substance abuse issues. The conference objectives are to identify signs of drug addiction, describe employer procedures for substance abuse, and explain potential liabilities. It discusses the opioid epidemic, prescription drug abuse trends, and provides statistics on prescription drug use. Guidelines are presented for screening employees, using urine drug testing, identifying aberrant behaviors, and establishing treatment plans when substance abuse is suspected.
iCAAD London 2019 - Dr Alberto Pertusa - Addiction treatment: What new medica...iCAADEvents
In this presentation, Consultant Psychiatrist and international addictions specialist, Dr McPhillips, will provide an overview of emerging medical treatments for addiction and Dr Pertusa will discuss ADHD & addiction.
This document provides an overview of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). It defines the different types of drug-resistant TB and discusses the epidemiology and mechanisms of drug resistance. It emphasizes the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment for managing drug-resistant TB. The key points are that improper or incomplete treatment can cause drug resistance to develop, MDR TB requires testing to identify resistance and an individualized treatment regimen using second-line drugs, and treatment must be closely monitored for at least 18-24 months.
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Drug information involves providing clinically relevant information about drug use to patients or healthcare professionals. A drug information center specializes in answering questions about medicines and provides unbiased information to support rational drug use and patient care. When answering drug information queries, pharmacists follow a systematic process of understanding the request, researching resources, evaluating evidence, formulating a response, and documenting outcomes.
Fibromyalgia can be resolved by medical herbalismmorwenna2
A recent public awareness survey by the National Fibromyalgia Association illustrates a significant lack of understanding about Fibromyalgia: nearly half of the general public (45%) has never heard of Fibromyalgia, many people who are knowledgeable about the disorder incorrectly believe that nothing can be done to manage it, and nearly half (48%) of all healthcare providers are reluctant to diagnose a patient with the condition (National Fibromyalgia Association, 2007).
The document discusses the issues of polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly patients. It notes that polypharmacy is associated with reduced quality of life, increased healthcare costs, and preventable hospitalizations and deaths in seniors. The elderly have unique pharmacokinetics that increase their risk of ADRs. The document proposes a CARE approach to reduce polypharmacy and ADRs through caution, compliance, adjusting doses, regular review of medication regimens, and educating patients. It also recommends the use of a personal health record.
Patient with Cancer Nurse Medication Error Case Discussion.pdfsdfghj21
This document describes a case involving a medication error made by a nurse treating a cancer patient. The patient was scheduled to receive two 10-hour chemotherapy treatments via IV, with the first starting at 0700 and the second at 1900. The nurse administered the first treatment correctly but forgot to hang the second bag after her long shift, negatively impacting the patient's treatment. The case discusses which of the "five rights of medication administration" were followed and which were not, as well as ways the error could have been avoided.
Patient with Cancer Nurse Medication Error Case Discussion.pdfsdfghj21
This document describes a case involving a medication error made by a nurse treating a cancer patient. The patient was scheduled to receive two 10-hour chemotherapy treatments via IV, with the first starting at 0700 and the second at 1900. The nurse administered the first treatment correctly but forgot to hang the second bag after her long shift, negatively impacting the patient's treatment. This error could have been avoided if the nurse had not been overworked or if additional safety checks were in place to catch medication errors.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
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settings
Daily activities of clinical pharmacists
Ward round participation
Treatment Chart Review
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This document discusses medical cannabis and contains information from several sources. It provides an overview of a lecture on the history, plant properties, and medical uses of cannabinoids. It also discusses research showing 40% of adolescents experience withdrawal symptoms from cannabis and its prevalence of use in the US. The document outlines reasons for medical and recreational cannabis use and notes many medical patients used cannabis before receiving approval. It discusses the use of cannabis as a substitute for alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription medications. The document covers reported experiences of cannabis users for glaucoma and reviews finding no evidence it benefits glaucoma over other treatments. It lists conditions for which cannabis is approved and closes with notes on physicians recommending medical cannabis.
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Antipsychotics are medications used to treat psychosis and other mental disorders. They were first developed in the 1950s with chlorpromazine and haloperidol as the earliest examples. Antipsychotics are classified into three main types: phenothiazines, butyraphenones, and thioxanthenes. More recently, atypical antipsychotics like clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone were developed which have fewer side effects. Antipsychotics are indicated for disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others. Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients taking these medications for side effects.
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This document outlines the career and research interests of Professor Ann-Louise Caress. She began her career as a staff nurse in renal care in 1982 and obtained her PhD in 1996. Her research focuses on patient and carer experiences living with long-term conditions like COPD and renal disease. She is interested in topics like symptom perceptions, information needs, decision-making preferences, and self-management. She has conducted numerous studies on these topics in respiratory and renal conditions. Professor Caress also advocates for patient and public involvement in research.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
2. SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. LIMITATION OF STUDY
4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
5. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
6. LITERATURE REVIEW
7. DESIGN AND PROCEDURE
8. MEASURES
9. INSTRUMENTS
10. FINDINGS
11. CONCLUSION
3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
• Marijuana has been used for thousands of years in China for
its medicinal purposes (Lemberg, 1980)
• Recently countries and states have started opening their
doors to the legal usage of medical marijuana
• Malaysia is listed as one of the harshest countries in the world
in relation to marijuana usage and distribution (Sean, 2011)
• Medical Marijuana in Malaysia is essentially non-existent
4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Marijuana is a viable alternative treatment to an assortment of
different medical conditions, for which modern medicine seems
less effective towards or to have severe side effects (Grinspoon,
2000)
• There is no law or regulation in Malaysia concerned with the
medical uses of marijuana, disregarding its medical properties
• Marijuana was legally recognized as a form of medication in the
1991 case of Kerry Wiley (Grinspoon, n.d.)
• No study has been conducted on the public´s view of marijuana
and if or if not it could be accepted in this country medically
5. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
• Insufficient local research materials regarding Malaysia
• Concerns perception and opinions, more research needed for
verifications; e.g. Question 7
• Non-probability sampling method/snowball effect used
• Participating volunteers & information verification
• Categorization & placement of qualitative responses
• Linking the difference between quantitative & qualitative responses
• Classification of marijuana, its social status, religious
concerns, the authorities regard to the topic
6. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• RQ1 – What is the general perception
of Malaysians residing in Selangor
towards marijuana and its medicinal
uses?
• Q2 –What is the opinion of Malaysians
residing in Selangor concerning the
legalization of medical marijuana for
potential patients?
7. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
• RO1 – To obtain information that can be clearly
analyzed in order to understand the general
perception that Malaysians residing in Selangor
hold towards marijuana and its medicinal uses.
• RO2 – To analyze the potential of legalizing
medical marijuana for potential patients in
Malaysia based on the opinion of
Malaysians residing in Selangor.
8. LITERATURE REVIEW
History of Marijuana in Malaysia
• ‘Hikayat Inderaputera’ 17th century - labeled under the
‘herbal plants and food plants’ found in Malay gardens
(Zakaria, Salleh & Rashid, 2013)
• In 1839 O’Shaughnessy stated Cannabis Indica being
“extensively employed for a multitude of affections” within
the “adjacent territories of the Malays”
• Most commonly mentioned applications were for the
treatment of leprosy and for the relief of asthma (Hutton,
2014)
• Christian Rätsch (2001) in his book ‘Marijuana Medicine: A
World Tour of the Healing and Visionary Powers of
Cannabis’, cannabis indica was not uncommon to Malaysian
traditional healers known as Bomor, pawang or Poyang.
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
Marijuana in Malaysia
• Planting or cultivation of a cannabis plant
– life imprisonment upon conviction, minimum of six whippings
• 200g of marijuana
– penalty of death under Provision 39b of the Dangerous Drugs
Act of 1983
• Drug report, as released by the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA),
for the year 2013
– 15.96%, numbering 1,255 individuals out of 7864 offenders
– 2009 saw the detection of 5,207 ganja users
• 2010 Parliamentary session- MP Zahrain Mohamed Hashim
requested for the Malaysian government to conduct studies
and look into the rescheduling of cannabis (Seshata, 2014)
10. LITERATURE REVIEW
Current uses of medical marijuana (US/Canada)
• Anorexia
• Intractable skeletal muscular
spasticity
• Arnold-Chiari malformation &
syringomyelia
• Lou Gehrig's
disease (Amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, or ALS)
• Arthritis
• Lupus
• Ataxia
• Migraines
• Cachexia (wasting syndrome)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Cancer
• Muscular dystrophy
• Cardiopulmonary respiratory
syndrome
• Muscle spasms
• Causalgia
• Myasthenia gravis
• Chronic inflammatory
demyelinating
polyneuropathy
• Myoclonus
• Crohn's disease
• Nail-patella syndrome
• DDD – Degenerative Disc
Disease
• Nausea (including nausea due
to medication)
• Decompensated cirrhosis
• Neurofibromatosis
• Dystonia
• Neuropathy
• Fibromyalgia
• Pain
• Gerd – Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
• Reflux Disease
• Glaucoma
• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
• Hepatitis C
• Seizure Disorders/Epilepsy
• HIV/AIDS
• Spasticity
• Hospice patients
• Spinal cord disease and injury
• Hydrocephalus
• Sjogren's syndrome
• IBS – Irritable Bowel
Syndrome
• Terminal illness if the
physician has determined a
prognosis of less than 12
months of life
• Interstitial cystitis
• Tourettes
(denverrelief.com, n.d. &
leafly.com, n.d.)
11. LITERATURE REVIEW
MARIJAUNA COMPARED TO ALCOHOL/TOBACCO
Figure 2.5
59% of survey respondents answered in
support of Figure 2.5 findings (Question 9)
12. DESIGN & PROCEDURE
• 150 participants
• Collected via hardcopy, 40 (primarily from SEGi)
• Collected via online, 110 (primarily through Facebook)
• Using non-probability sampling & the snow ball effect
• Online survey and data collection obtained through
Google.docs / Google Forms
• Excel was used for data categorization, compilation &
breakdown
– Tables, graphs and pie charts
• Qualitative responses placed into tables and sets
according to frequency or basis of response
13. Measures and Keys
• Study aimed at establishing regard towards marijuana,
its medical uses & acceptance by producing comparative
percentages
– No. of respondents (r.)
• Attempt to measure qualitative aspects held by participants
according to the estimated number of responses translated
into percentages
– No. of responses / estimated no. of respondents (e.r. , r.*)
14. INSTRUMENT
• Survey – 15 Questions + 1
– 15 Quantitative
– 7 + 1 Qualitative
• 3 parts
– Introductory question (general)
– Users only (Questions 3-7)
– All respondents (Questions 1, 2, 8-15)
• Sub-sections
– Questions 1-9 marijuana generally
– Questions 10-13 medical marijuana specifically
– Questions 14-15 marijuana in Malaysia
15. Objective of Questions
• General information for assessment, regards of usage & legality
– Intro. Question
– Questions 2 – 5, 11, 13, 14
• Regarding marijuana, its medical benefits, usage purposes and the
perception held towards it (RQ1)
– Questions 1, 6 – 10, 12
• Regarding the possible legalization of medical marijuana and its
acceptance (RQ2)
– Question 15
16. PILOT STUDY
• Conducted between
– 3rd October 2014 – 10th October 2014
• Changes made
– Add in of qualitative questions and Intro Q.
– Question 13 made qualitative
– Question 15 rephrased to fit RQ2 and RO2
• Conducted online
17. FINDINGS
Perception towards marijuana and its medical uses according to question
No. of respondents Percentage
Question 1 Personal regard
of total responses given Illegal drug 53 14%
Plant 105 29%
Medicine 92 25%
of total
respondents 150 Medicine 92 61%
Question 6 Contributing factors for usage
of total responses given Relaxation 78 38%
As a form of
medication 30 15%
of total
respondents 100
As a form of
medication 30r. 30%
Table 4.5.1: Perception towards marijuana and its medical uses
18. Question 7 Personal medical benefits
of total
respondents 100 Yes 46 46%
No 17 17%
Question 8 Generally dangerous
of total
respondents 150 Yes 54 36%
No 94 63%
Question 9 Least harmful substance by comparison
of total
respondents 150 Alcohol 40 27%
Marijuana 89 59%
Cigarettes 9 6%
Question 10 Legitimate medical usage
of total
respondents 150 Yes 131 87%
No 16 11%
Question 12 Know of someone who could benefit
of total
respondents 150 Yes 78 52%
No 15 10%
19. FINDINGS
Opinions/Perception on the legalization of medical marijuana for potential patients in
Malaysia
No. of respondents Percentage
Question 15 Should it be made legally available
of total
respondents 150 Yes 121 81%
No 29 19%
Table 4.5.2: Perception on the legalization of medical marijuana
20. FINDINGSMedical marijuana’s application according to total collected participant responses (includes contradictory responses)
Medical condition/ uses for medical marijuana No. of responses Medical condition/ uses for medical marijuana No. of responses
Cancer/leukemia/chemotherapy 90 Diabetes 2
Depression/anxiety + relaxation induction 89 Stuttering 2
Pain 49 Cerebral palsy 2
Insomnia/sleep 22 Autoimmune disease 1
Glaucoma 19 Bipolar disorder 1
Epilepsy 12 Dementia 1
Seizures/spasticity/tremors 12 Spinal cord injury 1
Migraines/headache 11 Inflammatory sensitivities 1
Arthritis 9 Antiemetic 1
Nausea 9 Rheumatism 1
Mental disorders/psychological problems 9 Dyslexia 1
Neurological problems 7 Addiction 1
Appetite loss 7 PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) 1
Multiple sclerosis 6 Dietary disorders 1
Parkinson’s disease 6 Constipation 1
HIV/AIDS 6 Palliative care 3
Menstrual cramps/PMS 5 Grow brain cells 1
Alzheimer’s 4 Dopamine production 2
ADD (attention deficit disorder) 3 Improved motor skills 1
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) 3 Improve lung health 1
Anorexia 2 cancer prevention 1
Table 4.7: Contributing factors for general medical marijuana usage
21. CONCLUSION
• High percentile of people have tried marijuana – 67%
• Clear positive regard to the legalization of marijuana
medically for the benefits of potential patients – 81%
– 62% of non-users
• Studies and research findings exist globally and can be
utilized as references
• Malaysia has high potential for the legalization of
medical marijuana for possible patients
– Legal cases
– Requests to government
– Local movements
22. CLOSING STATEMENT
An appropriate response to the situation faced in Malaysia
was given by the forth school of Islam, the Hanafi, made prior
to the 14th century claiming that marijuana was not to be
labeled the same as ‘khmar’ (alcohol) and that using hashish
(marijuana) in small amounts or for medical purposes is
acceptable, but not for intoxication.
(Dixon, 1972)
23. SURVEY QUESTION REFERENCES
Question 2
Keeping in mind that all of your answers in this survey are confidential,
have you, yourself ever happened to try marijuana?
Question 2 reference
(63.) Keeping in mind that all of your answers in this survey are
confidential, have you, yourself ever happened to try marijuana?
(Quinnipiac University, 2014)
Question 3
If ‘Yes’ what was/is your method of intake? More than one answer
permitted.
Smoking
Ingestion via food or drink
Question 3 reference
(13a) In what form have you usually taken cannabis for medical
reasons?
- eaten as a cooked recipe (biscuits, cookies etc)
- drunk as tea
(Swift, n.d.)
Question 4
If both, which did/do you prefer?
Smoking
Ingestion via food or drink
Equally A & B
Question 4 reference
Considering all the ways you have tried cannabis, which way helps or
helped you most with your medical condition?
(Swift, n.d.)
Question 6
What is/has been a major contributing factor for your personal use of
marijuana? More than one answer permitted.
Curiosity
Relaxation
As a form of medication
Spiritual elevation
Peer pressure
Question 6 reference
(312) Why did you try it? (survey on alcohol and marijuana)
[ ] TO EXPERIMENT
[ ] TO EASE FRUSTRATION
[ ] TO GAIN SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE
[ ] DON’T KNOW
[ ] NO RESPONSE
(Douglas, 2006)
Question 7
In your opinion, does/did marijuana use have any medical benefits for
you? Condition should be medically diagnosable/identifiable by a
doctor.
Question 7 reference
Are you still using cannabis for any medical
condition(s)?
Yes/No
(Swift, n.d.)
24. Question 9
Which is the least harmful of these substances in your opinion?
Alcohol
Marijuana
Cigarettes
Question 9 reference
"Which of the following substances would you say is the MOST harmful
to a person's overall health: tobacco, alcohol, sugar, or marijuana?"
(CBS News Poll, 2015)
Question 10
Do you think marijuana has legitimate medical uses?
Yes
No
Question 10 reference
"Do you think marijuana does or does not have legitimate medical
uses?"
(CBS News Poll, 2015)
Question 11
Do you know of any diseases/condition/illnesses that use medical
marijuana as a form of treatment?
Question 11 reference
Please indicate those conditions for which you have used cannabis in an
attempt to gain relief. (please tick those that apply)
(Swift, n.d.)
Question 15
In your opinion, should medical marijuana be made legally available for
potential patients in Malaysia?
Question 15 reference
Do you [support or oppose] allowing the use of marijuana for medical
purposes if prescribed by
a doctor?
(Goucher Poll, 2013)