corrected version of Ophthalmoscopy by proffessor Samia..pptxWallerianDegenration
1. The document provides an overview of a lecture on ophthalmoscopy given to second year medical students at the Rawalpindi Medical University.
2. It describes the purpose and procedure of ophthalmoscopy, including how to examine the optic disc, blood vessels, and macula of the eye.
3. Key features that can be assessed using ophthalmoscopy are discussed, such as conditions of the blood vessels, optic disc color and shape, presence of exudates or hemorrhages, and signs of myopia and hyperopia.
The document discusses various topics related to the Rawalpindi Medical University. It covers the university's vision, modules in the skills lab on chemical tests to detect amino acids, learning objectives of a session, a model of integrated lectures with different subject areas, examples of experiments performed, topics on ethics, professionalism, and a suggested research article.
This document contains 6 multiple choice questions about hematology:
1) The normal amount of hemoglobin in 100ml of blood is 15 grams.
2) Bone marrow of all bones is involved in hematopoiesis from the last month of gestation until age 5.
3) A 54-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease presented with low hemoglobin levels, likely due to decreased proerythroblast production in the bone marrow.
4) Hemoglobin first appears at the polychromatophil-erythroblast stage of erythropoiesis.
5) A newborn with respiratory distress and signs of hemolytic anemia on blood smear most likely has hemoglobin Bart
This document outlines an 18-lecture course on physiology for nursing students. The course will cover the structures and functions of major body systems including nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, reproductive and endocrine systems. Lectures will also address special senses, homeostasis, and cell physiology. The goal is for students to understand anatomy and physiology concepts and their relevance to nursing care. Topics will be presented through lectures and relate course content to clinical practice situations. Recommended textbooks are listed for additional study.
The summary provides an overview of the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the female reproductive system including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. It describes the process of oogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovaries. The menstrual cycle and ovarian cycle are summarized, outlining the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase regulated by hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
The document discusses the endocrine pancreas and its role in regulating blood glucose levels. It notes that the pancreas contains clusters of endocrine cells called islets of Langerhans which produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. Insulin is produced by beta cells and works to lower blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake in tissues and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is produced by alpha cells and works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Together, insulin and glucagon work to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Diabetes occurs when insulin production or function is inadequate, resulting in hyperglycemia.
The splanchnic circulation provides blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Approximately 1450 ml of blood flows through the splanchnic circulation per minute, accounting for 29% of total blood flow. The splanchnic circulation regulates blood volume and pressure and can reduce its flow during hemorrhage to prioritize more vital organs. Blood flow to the intestinal mucosa increases after eating to support metabolic activity. Splanchnic blood flow is regulated intrinsically through local metabolic and myogenic controls and extrinsically through the sympathetic nervous system and circulating hormones. Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction that redirects blood flow away from the splanchnic circulation during exercise.
This document defines key concepts around stimuli and responses in animals and plants. It begins by defining a stimulus as any change in an organism's environment that causes it to react, and a response as how the organism reacts to a stimulus. Examples are given such as an animal moving into the sun when cold or getting a drink when thirsty. Stimuli can be internal, coming from inside the organism, or external, coming from outside. Learned behaviors are responses animals learn through experience, while instincts are natural, automatic reactions not taught.
corrected version of Ophthalmoscopy by proffessor Samia..pptxWallerianDegenration
1. The document provides an overview of a lecture on ophthalmoscopy given to second year medical students at the Rawalpindi Medical University.
2. It describes the purpose and procedure of ophthalmoscopy, including how to examine the optic disc, blood vessels, and macula of the eye.
3. Key features that can be assessed using ophthalmoscopy are discussed, such as conditions of the blood vessels, optic disc color and shape, presence of exudates or hemorrhages, and signs of myopia and hyperopia.
The document discusses various topics related to the Rawalpindi Medical University. It covers the university's vision, modules in the skills lab on chemical tests to detect amino acids, learning objectives of a session, a model of integrated lectures with different subject areas, examples of experiments performed, topics on ethics, professionalism, and a suggested research article.
This document contains 6 multiple choice questions about hematology:
1) The normal amount of hemoglobin in 100ml of blood is 15 grams.
2) Bone marrow of all bones is involved in hematopoiesis from the last month of gestation until age 5.
3) A 54-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease presented with low hemoglobin levels, likely due to decreased proerythroblast production in the bone marrow.
4) Hemoglobin first appears at the polychromatophil-erythroblast stage of erythropoiesis.
5) A newborn with respiratory distress and signs of hemolytic anemia on blood smear most likely has hemoglobin Bart
This document outlines an 18-lecture course on physiology for nursing students. The course will cover the structures and functions of major body systems including nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, reproductive and endocrine systems. Lectures will also address special senses, homeostasis, and cell physiology. The goal is for students to understand anatomy and physiology concepts and their relevance to nursing care. Topics will be presented through lectures and relate course content to clinical practice situations. Recommended textbooks are listed for additional study.
The summary provides an overview of the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the female reproductive system including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. It describes the process of oogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovaries. The menstrual cycle and ovarian cycle are summarized, outlining the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase regulated by hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
The document discusses the endocrine pancreas and its role in regulating blood glucose levels. It notes that the pancreas contains clusters of endocrine cells called islets of Langerhans which produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. Insulin is produced by beta cells and works to lower blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake in tissues and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is produced by alpha cells and works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Together, insulin and glucagon work to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Diabetes occurs when insulin production or function is inadequate, resulting in hyperglycemia.
The splanchnic circulation provides blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Approximately 1450 ml of blood flows through the splanchnic circulation per minute, accounting for 29% of total blood flow. The splanchnic circulation regulates blood volume and pressure and can reduce its flow during hemorrhage to prioritize more vital organs. Blood flow to the intestinal mucosa increases after eating to support metabolic activity. Splanchnic blood flow is regulated intrinsically through local metabolic and myogenic controls and extrinsically through the sympathetic nervous system and circulating hormones. Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction that redirects blood flow away from the splanchnic circulation during exercise.
This document defines key concepts around stimuli and responses in animals and plants. It begins by defining a stimulus as any change in an organism's environment that causes it to react, and a response as how the organism reacts to a stimulus. Examples are given such as an animal moving into the sun when cold or getting a drink when thirsty. Stimuli can be internal, coming from inside the organism, or external, coming from outside. Learned behaviors are responses animals learn through experience, while instincts are natural, automatic reactions not taught.
The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It explains that depolarization occurs when sodium ions enter the neuron, reaching a threshold that opens voltage-gated sodium channels. After 1 msec, potassium channels open to repolarize the neuron. Myelin allows rapid conduction between nodes of Ranvier. The meaning of a signal comes from neuronal connections, not the action potential itself. Neurons differ in their ion channels, neurotransmitters, and spontaneous activity levels.
The document discusses several topics related to action potentials in nerve and muscle cells:
- Compound action potentials recorded from nerves are the summed action potentials of many fibers in the nerve bundle.
- Cardiac muscle action potentials have a prolonged plateau phase due to slow calcium channels, which causes sustained depolarization.
- Tetanic contraction occurs when muscle is stimulated at a high frequency, causing individual twitches to fuse into a sustained contraction.
- Tetany is involuntary muscle contraction that can be caused by conditions increasing the firing frequency of motor neurons.
This document discusses mechanisms of respiration including external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. Internal respiration is the exchange between tissues and blood at the cellular level. The document describes the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, which is an active process involving movement of the ribs and diaphragm, and expiration, which is a passive process as the lungs return to their resting position. It also discusses pressures involved in respiration including intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and how pressure and volume changes occur during ventilation.
Pancreatic polypeptides are secreted from the pancreas in response to food intake and inhibit exocrine pancreatic secretion and slow absorption in the GI tract. The pancreas secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and can develop tumors like insulinomas or glucagonomas due to excess hormone secretion. Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by insufficient insulin secretion leading to polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. It is diagnosed through persistent hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance tests, and treated through insulin, oral medications, and lifestyle changes to manage complications like retinopathy and neuropathy.
This document provides information about various endocrine glands and their hormones. It discusses the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas and adrenal glands. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands by producing hormones like growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, oxytocin and vasopressin. The thyroid gland produces T3 and T4 which regulate metabolism. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels via PTH. The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar and glucagon which raises blood sugar. The adrenal glands produce cortisol and aldosterone which regulate stress responses and electrolyte balance. Diseases associated with each gland are
The document discusses case-based learning and infertility. It provides learning objectives for a case-based learning session on infertility in males and females. It then defines infertility and discusses prevalence. It covers various causes of female infertility including ovulation problems like PCOS, thyroid issues, and early menopause. It also discusses uterine factors such as fibroids, polyps, scarring, and abnormal structure. Evaluation and management of infertility is mentioned. Learning objectives are provided to analyze cases and apply knowledge of infertility diagnosis and treatment.
This document discusses stimuli and sensory receptors. It defines a stimulus as a detectable change that can provoke a response. Stimuli can be internal or external and come in different modalities like chemical, thermal, or mechanical. Sensory receptors detect stimuli and transduce them into nerve impulses. The strength of a stimulus must exceed a receptor's threshold for it to respond. Receptors adapt over time to continuous stimulation.
The document discusses several types of action potentials recorded from nerve and muscle cells, including:
- Monophasic and biphasic action potentials recorded extracellularly from nerve fibers. Biphasic potentials have two peaks that are mirror images of each other.
- Compound action potentials recorded from stimulating multiple nerve fibers simultaneously. This results in a larger potential that is the algebraic sum of individual fiber potentials.
- Cardiac muscle action potentials have a prolonged plateau phase mediated by calcium channels, prolonging depolarization.
- Skeletal muscle contraction can be tetanized if stimulated at a high frequency, fusing individual twitches into a sustained contraction through calcium summation.
This document provides an overview of congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. CHF occurs when the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood adequately. There are two main types - systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular issues. Symptoms involve fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves exams like EKGs, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on medications that help the heart work better or reduce workload, such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, and digitalis. Lifestyle changes and monitoring are also important parts
Motility OF SMALL INTESTINE, Malabsorbtion and diarrhoea.pptxWallerianDegenration
The small intestine has two main functions: to mix chyme with bile and pancreatic juices to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients, and to propel intestinal contents toward the large intestine. Around 10 liters of fluid reach the small intestine daily, of which only 1-2 liters pass into the large intestine as the rest is absorbed. The small intestine exhibits various motility patterns like pendular, segmental, peristaltic and antiparistaltic movements to help with mixing and propulsion of contents. When the lumen is empty between meals, motility changes to the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Malabsorption can result from issues that impair these motor, secretory, digestive or absorpt
This document discusses hemostasis, the process by which the body prevents blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It describes the key mechanisms of hemostasis, including vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, blood clot formation, and growth of fibrous tissue. The document also outlines the complex cascade of chemical reactions and coagulation factors involved in the fast coagulation process. Finally, it identifies several factors that can influence hemostasis, such as the endothelial surface, antithrombin III, vitamin K deficiency, and diseases like hemophilia A.
Neurons conduct electrical signals along their axons to transmit information in the nervous system. At a synapse, an action potential causes neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron. The neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which may trigger a new action potential. Propagation of the action potential down the axon relies on voltage-gated ion channels and myelination of long axons to allow saltatory conduction and faster signal transmission.
1) Action potentials are electrical signals that propagate along excitable cell membranes and are initiated by stimuli. They involve the movement of ions through voltage-gated ion channels.
2) In neurons, an action potential is a brief reversal of the membrane potential followed by repolarization. This allows communication over long distances.
3) Cardiac action potentials have a depolarizing phase, plateau phase, and repolarizing phase due to calcium ion involvement. This allows for sustained contraction of heart muscle.
An action potential occurs when the number of Na+ ions entering a nerve fiber exceeds the number of K+ ions leaving it. In some cells, calcium ions also contribute to the action potential. Calcium pumps maintain a calcium gradient with a higher interior concentration. Voltage-gated calcium channels are permeable to both Ca2+ and Na+ ions, whose influx depolarizes the membrane. In heart muscle, calcium and sodium channels cause the spike potential, while slow calcium channels cause the plateau potential before repolarization. Myelinated fibers conduct action potentials from node to node via saltatory conduction for increased speed with less energy use.
The document summarizes the mechanics of breathing and pulmonary ventilation. It discusses:
1) The structures involved in breathing including the diaphragm, ribs, and muscles.
2) How changes in thoracic volume through muscle contraction lead to changes in pressure, causing air to flow into and out of the lungs down a pressure gradient.
3) Key concepts like Boyle's law, intrapleural pressure, and how pressure changes in the lungs, chest, and atmosphere drive air in and out during inhalation and exhalation.
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to female reproductive physiology. The questions cover topics like secondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopause, hirsutism, infertility, amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, and recurrent miscarriages. Each question is followed by 4 answer choices, and the document concludes by providing the correct answer to each question.
This document discusses the importance of blood donation. It explains that blood donation can save up to 3 lives and there is no substitute for blood. Some key health benefits of donating blood include reducing the risk of heart disease and cancer while also receiving a free health checkup. The document provides eligibility requirements for blood donation and how much blood can be safely donated. It concludes by encouraging readers to donate blood to help others in need and gain personal health benefits.
The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It explains that depolarization occurs when sodium ions enter the neuron, reaching a threshold that opens voltage-gated sodium channels. After 1 msec, potassium channels open to repolarize the neuron. Myelin allows rapid conduction between nodes of Ranvier. The meaning of a signal comes from neuronal connections, not the action potential itself. Neurons differ in their ion channels, neurotransmitters, and spontaneous activity levels.
The document discusses several topics related to action potentials in nerve and muscle cells:
- Compound action potentials recorded from nerves are the summed action potentials of many fibers in the nerve bundle.
- Cardiac muscle action potentials have a prolonged plateau phase due to slow calcium channels, which causes sustained depolarization.
- Tetanic contraction occurs when muscle is stimulated at a high frequency, causing individual twitches to fuse into a sustained contraction.
- Tetany is involuntary muscle contraction that can be caused by conditions increasing the firing frequency of motor neurons.
This document discusses mechanisms of respiration including external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. Internal respiration is the exchange between tissues and blood at the cellular level. The document describes the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, which is an active process involving movement of the ribs and diaphragm, and expiration, which is a passive process as the lungs return to their resting position. It also discusses pressures involved in respiration including intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and how pressure and volume changes occur during ventilation.
Pancreatic polypeptides are secreted from the pancreas in response to food intake and inhibit exocrine pancreatic secretion and slow absorption in the GI tract. The pancreas secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and can develop tumors like insulinomas or glucagonomas due to excess hormone secretion. Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by insufficient insulin secretion leading to polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. It is diagnosed through persistent hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance tests, and treated through insulin, oral medications, and lifestyle changes to manage complications like retinopathy and neuropathy.
This document provides information about various endocrine glands and their hormones. It discusses the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas and adrenal glands. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands by producing hormones like growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, oxytocin and vasopressin. The thyroid gland produces T3 and T4 which regulate metabolism. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels via PTH. The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar and glucagon which raises blood sugar. The adrenal glands produce cortisol and aldosterone which regulate stress responses and electrolyte balance. Diseases associated with each gland are
The document discusses case-based learning and infertility. It provides learning objectives for a case-based learning session on infertility in males and females. It then defines infertility and discusses prevalence. It covers various causes of female infertility including ovulation problems like PCOS, thyroid issues, and early menopause. It also discusses uterine factors such as fibroids, polyps, scarring, and abnormal structure. Evaluation and management of infertility is mentioned. Learning objectives are provided to analyze cases and apply knowledge of infertility diagnosis and treatment.
This document discusses stimuli and sensory receptors. It defines a stimulus as a detectable change that can provoke a response. Stimuli can be internal or external and come in different modalities like chemical, thermal, or mechanical. Sensory receptors detect stimuli and transduce them into nerve impulses. The strength of a stimulus must exceed a receptor's threshold for it to respond. Receptors adapt over time to continuous stimulation.
The document discusses several types of action potentials recorded from nerve and muscle cells, including:
- Monophasic and biphasic action potentials recorded extracellularly from nerve fibers. Biphasic potentials have two peaks that are mirror images of each other.
- Compound action potentials recorded from stimulating multiple nerve fibers simultaneously. This results in a larger potential that is the algebraic sum of individual fiber potentials.
- Cardiac muscle action potentials have a prolonged plateau phase mediated by calcium channels, prolonging depolarization.
- Skeletal muscle contraction can be tetanized if stimulated at a high frequency, fusing individual twitches into a sustained contraction through calcium summation.
This document provides an overview of congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. CHF occurs when the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood adequately. There are two main types - systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular issues. Symptoms involve fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves exams like EKGs, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on medications that help the heart work better or reduce workload, such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, and digitalis. Lifestyle changes and monitoring are also important parts
Motility OF SMALL INTESTINE, Malabsorbtion and diarrhoea.pptxWallerianDegenration
The small intestine has two main functions: to mix chyme with bile and pancreatic juices to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients, and to propel intestinal contents toward the large intestine. Around 10 liters of fluid reach the small intestine daily, of which only 1-2 liters pass into the large intestine as the rest is absorbed. The small intestine exhibits various motility patterns like pendular, segmental, peristaltic and antiparistaltic movements to help with mixing and propulsion of contents. When the lumen is empty between meals, motility changes to the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Malabsorption can result from issues that impair these motor, secretory, digestive or absorpt
This document discusses hemostasis, the process by which the body prevents blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It describes the key mechanisms of hemostasis, including vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, blood clot formation, and growth of fibrous tissue. The document also outlines the complex cascade of chemical reactions and coagulation factors involved in the fast coagulation process. Finally, it identifies several factors that can influence hemostasis, such as the endothelial surface, antithrombin III, vitamin K deficiency, and diseases like hemophilia A.
Neurons conduct electrical signals along their axons to transmit information in the nervous system. At a synapse, an action potential causes neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron. The neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which may trigger a new action potential. Propagation of the action potential down the axon relies on voltage-gated ion channels and myelination of long axons to allow saltatory conduction and faster signal transmission.
1) Action potentials are electrical signals that propagate along excitable cell membranes and are initiated by stimuli. They involve the movement of ions through voltage-gated ion channels.
2) In neurons, an action potential is a brief reversal of the membrane potential followed by repolarization. This allows communication over long distances.
3) Cardiac action potentials have a depolarizing phase, plateau phase, and repolarizing phase due to calcium ion involvement. This allows for sustained contraction of heart muscle.
An action potential occurs when the number of Na+ ions entering a nerve fiber exceeds the number of K+ ions leaving it. In some cells, calcium ions also contribute to the action potential. Calcium pumps maintain a calcium gradient with a higher interior concentration. Voltage-gated calcium channels are permeable to both Ca2+ and Na+ ions, whose influx depolarizes the membrane. In heart muscle, calcium and sodium channels cause the spike potential, while slow calcium channels cause the plateau potential before repolarization. Myelinated fibers conduct action potentials from node to node via saltatory conduction for increased speed with less energy use.
The document summarizes the mechanics of breathing and pulmonary ventilation. It discusses:
1) The structures involved in breathing including the diaphragm, ribs, and muscles.
2) How changes in thoracic volume through muscle contraction lead to changes in pressure, causing air to flow into and out of the lungs down a pressure gradient.
3) Key concepts like Boyle's law, intrapleural pressure, and how pressure changes in the lungs, chest, and atmosphere drive air in and out during inhalation and exhalation.
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to female reproductive physiology. The questions cover topics like secondary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopause, hirsutism, infertility, amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, and recurrent miscarriages. Each question is followed by 4 answer choices, and the document concludes by providing the correct answer to each question.
This document discusses the importance of blood donation. It explains that blood donation can save up to 3 lives and there is no substitute for blood. Some key health benefits of donating blood include reducing the risk of heart disease and cancer while also receiving a free health checkup. The document provides eligibility requirements for blood donation and how much blood can be safely donated. It concludes by encouraging readers to donate blood to help others in need and gain personal health benefits.
2. 01 About the patient
TABLE OF CONTENTS
02 Opinions
03 Discussion
04 Treatment
05 Patient Monitoring
3. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec pretium ex nibh, ac porta dolor finibus quis. Donec rhoncus
scelerisque sapien. Maecenas ullamcorper gravida justo, in sodales nisi laoreet nec. Nulla neque nibh, volutpat sit amet fringilla vitae,
luctus at massa. Maecenas facilisis metus ut urna egestas, quis lobortis ligula commodo. Maecenas non rutrum elit. Maecenas eleifend
fermentumsuscipit.Integernecarcuurna.Morbinecaliquetnisl.Craslacinianeclacusquisviverra.
Introduction
5. Age:
Sex:
Allergies:
Pathologies:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec pretium ex nibh, ac porta dolor finibus quis. Donec rhoncus
scelerisque sapien. Maecenas ullamcorper gravida justo, in sodales nisi laoreet nec. Nulla neque nibh, volutpat sit amet fringilla vitae,
luctus at massa. Maecenas facilisis metus ut urna egestas, quis lobortis ligula commodo. Maecenas non rutrum elit. Maecenas eleifend
fermentumsuscipit.Integernecarcuurna.Morbinecaliquetnisl.Craslacinianeclacusquisviverra.
Patient medical history
7. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec pretium ex nibh, ac porta dolor finibus quis. Donec rhoncus
scelerisque sapien. Maecenas ullamcorper gravida justo, in sodales nisi laoreet nec. Nulla neque nibh, volutpat sit amet fringilla vitae,
luctus at massa. Maecenas facilisis metus ut urna egestas, quis lobortis ligula commodo. Maecenas non rutrum elit. Maecenas eleifend
fermentumsuscipit.Integernecarcuurna.Morbinecaliquetnisl.Craslacinianeclacusquisviverra.
Physical examination
14. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec pretium ex nibh, ac porta dolor finibus quis. Donec rhoncus
scelerisque sapien. Maecenas ullamcorper gravida justo, in sodales nisi laoreet nec. Nulla neque nibh, volutpat sit amet fringilla vitae,
luctus at massa. Maecenas facilisis metus ut urna egestas, quis lobortis ligula commodo. Maecenas non rutrum elit. Maecenas eleifend
fermentumsuscipit.Integernecarcuurna.Morbinecaliquetnisl.Craslacinianeclacusquisviverra.
20. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec pretium ex nibh, ac porta dolor finibus quis. Donec rhoncus
scelerisque sapien. Maecenas ullamcorper gravida justo, in sodales nisi laoreet nec. Nulla neque nibh, volutpat sit amet fringilla vitae,
luctus at massa. Maecenas facilisis metus ut urna egestas, quis lobortis ligula commodo. Maecenas non rutrum elit. Maecenas eleifend
fermentumsuscipit.Integernecarcuurna.Morbinecaliquetnisl.Craslacinianeclacusquisviverra.
Conclusion
