The document outlines Goodwin's Rules for analyzing music videos. It states that music videos typically demonstrate genre characteristics through elements like dance routines or stage performances. It also notes there should be a relationship between the lyrics, music, and visuals whether illustrative, amplifying, or contradicting. Additionally, it says record labels want close-ups of artists and artists may develop recurring motifs. It mentions music videos often reference looking and treat the female body in a voyeuristic way and contain intertextual references to other media.

1. Goodwin’s Rules
 1) Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics (e.g stage
performance in metal video, dance routine for boy/girl band)
 2) There is a Relationship Between lyrics and visuals (either
illustrative, amplifying, contradicting)
 3) There is a relationship between music and visuals (either
illustrative, amplifying, contradicting)
 4) The demands of the record label will include the need for lots
of close ups of the artist and the artist my develop motifs which
recur across their work (a visual style)
 5) There is frequently reference to notion of looking (screens
within screens, telescopes, etc) and particularly voyeuristic
treatment of the female body.
 6)There is often intersexual reference (to films, tv programmes,
other music videos etc)

2. The First song is called Feels created by Calvin Harris ft
Pharrell Williams, Katy Perry and Big Sean
It depicts a summer lust between two characters.
It was released in July 2017.

3. What representations are set up by the visual image?
 This music video is showing the representation of image. This is due to the director
showing of the body of the singer Katy Perry more than her vocals. This is a typical stance
for directors of modern pop videos which allows them to aim at younger audiences.
 The singers images suggest that they are all in the 20s-30s age group, this is due to them
wearing trendy but more subtle casual clothing items.
 Although the video suggests a skew more towards the image of the singers, there is still a
sense of lust between the different singers. This is due to them all being separate to each
other and is also visible through the words in the lyrics.

4. What media forms are used within the video?
 There are no other forms except obviously music, of
media seen inside the music video. This may be due to
the set looking as if it is on a tropical island.
 By no media forms I mean that there is no forms such
as magazines, books, phones etc.

5. Does the video depend on the music for its context, or does it
define the context for the music? Why?
 I believe that the video has a 50 50 dependence on
both the music but also the surroundings.
 This is due to the song and music video trying to give
off a summer vibe.

6. What themes are set up within the video?
 The music video is set up mainly on a summer themed
island where the singers are singing about lust for each
other.
 This is because the video shows a constant switch
between the 3 singers.

7. In what ways are colour/style/fashion and make-up used to define
this image or contextualise it?
 To start with the 3 singers are dressing clothes that are seen to be in
fashion for summer weather. This allows the audience to see and
recognise the differing summer features of the video e.g. Fields and
rivers etc.
 The video also give a hazy picture which makes the audience
concentrate more on the singers involved in the video.

8. What are the social, economic and cultural contexts
being employed in the video?
 There are not many contexts to do with this topic but
you can state the obvious in that all 3 characters in the
video are seen as upper class of at least middle.

9. What narrative is being constructed for the audience? In what
ways is it being constructed?
 The video is telling the narrative of a persons lust for
another person. This is a typical narrative for the pop
genre.

10. What image is constructed for the artist?
 To some extent the artists are seen as affectionate
towards each other even though they don’t really come
into contact. However both artists that are in the video
for the

11. Conclusion
 In conclusion I believe that this song of the pop genre
is very successful in what it is trying to achieve what it
is trying to achieve.
 The clear ambition of this song was to show a summer
lust story which it has done.

12. The next song is called The scientist and was created by
British band Coldplay
It was released in 2002 and was heavily complimented
due to its use of a backwards narrative.

13. What is the relationship between
lyrics and visuals?
 In this songs video, Chris Martin is seen singing the
lyrics to the song in real time whereas the video looks
like it is in rewind. To go with this the lyrics clearly
depict the narrative of the video, this is because the
song goes with what is happening in the video which
we finally find out is that the characters have been in a
car crash.

14. What is the relationship between
music and visuals?
 The beat of the music is also very good for the video
because they mach up quite nicely. This is all because
of the tempo of the beat compared to the singing
tempo.
 An example of the correct tempo speed is when the car
crash is shown compared to the start. The tempo is
slower to show the devastation.

15. Are there close-ups of the artist
and star image motifs?
 This video shows plenty of close ups of the artist Chris
martin, this is good because it gives you more of a
reaction to what is going on in the video.
 There are also motifs that show the couple as being
middle class looking in this video.

16. Is there reference to the notion of
looking?
 In this video there is no clear showing of any sort of
sexual display but there is a clear showing that the
people in the car are indeed a couple.

17. Is the music video performance-based,
narrative-based or concept-based?
The video has a massive bias towards being narrative
based which means the video is telling a story of the
couple in the middle of devastating events.

18. Conclusion
 In conclusion I believe that this video is very good for
what the lyrics are depicting, this video shows the
lyrics clearly being the main power of the song.
 The video is also very good because the same style is
carried throughout the entire video.

19. Introduction
 The final song is We Didn't Start the Fire by Billy Joel
 Released in 1989 it is well known due to the context of
the song it was No.1 in the US and was nominated for
the grammy award for record of the year
 The song is also famous for its contextual music video
to go with the music.
 The music video was directed by Chris Blum

20. What is the relationship between
lyrics and visuals?
 The lyrics of the song are significant historical events,
or culture from 1949 to 1989 with its release. To go with
this as the lyrics go through the years and eras an
American family also ages with the lyrics to show the
social change.
 The camera also cuts to Billy Joel drumming on a table
as the background burns

21. Relationship between music and
visuals
 During one scene the
mother of the family in the
video plays the violin where
the music also has a violin
which starts playing.
 Furthermore when Billy
Joel is sitting at a table
drumming he is drumming
to the beat of the music

22. Motifs
 In other music videos that Billy
Joel has done he appears a lot
and has many close ups of his
face although this music video
has fewer than previously
 Furthermore due to Billy Joel
being known for his skills on
the piano he is normally shown
playing it but in this video he
only taps to the beat of the
song and sings.

23. Intertextual references The entire song is about reference to different culture or events
through out 1949 and 1989. This means that there are no
intertextual references but does include separate text.
Here one of the
characters is burning a
draft card which
happened during the
conscription for the
Vietnam war.
Here in the background
there are multiple
famous photos from the
Vietnam war.

24.  This music video is concept-based but also has a minor
narrative. The narrative is the family aging along with
the lyrics. The concept side of the music video is
similar to the narrative where what is represented on
the screen is what is resembled in the lyrics. E.g. lyrics
such as “Ho Chi Minh, Richard Nixon back again”
where on the screen there is late 60’s furniture, and
clothing on the characters.