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Measuring cultural value using social network analysis: a case study on valuing electronic musicians
- 1. Measuring cultural value using social network analysis A case study on valuing electronic musicians Anna Jordanous (University of Kent, CC/music informatics), Daniel Allington (University of the West of England, SNA/digital culture), Byron Dueck (Open University, music/ethnomusicology) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 2. Types of value Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org • Monetary value £ $ € – (what a thing is worth) • “Good” things – e.g. “good” opinions – (Thanks Mike Cook) • etc … • Cultural value – Based on what we are culturally led to like – Subjective – Value shared between members of a community/culture
- 3. Introduction: Aim of this work Can we measure the cultural value of a creative entity in a quantitative / algorithmic way? In other words… Is there a way to judge cultural value, that can be computerised and stuck into the creative process of a computational creativity system? NB Evaluation is an important part of the creative process… but this is another talk… Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 4. Evaluating value (as part of evaluating creativity) We (CC) would like to have metrics for value that we can implement computationally Q How do we measure/assess cultural value? …using social network analysis? Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 5. Some premises before we start 1. Evaluating value is an important part of evaluating how creative something is 2. If you want to know how good a creative entity is, ask someone (something) that knows what it means to be good in that way 3. This is a case study in judging value of electronic musicians, but can be useful for other creative domains (with a little work) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 6. Premise 1. Evaluating value is an important part of evaluating how creative something is Creativity = novelty + value + …?? Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 7. Premise 2. To know how valuable a creative entity is, ask someone/something(s) that knows that creative area Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZu097wb8wU
- 8. e.g. Would you trust Dan Ventura on what art galleries are good in Park City? Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 9. Premise 3: Our approach to measuring value in electronic music can be useful more widely • ‘One size does not fit all’ • But [I argue] our approach is useful, if you want to analyse cultural value in domains other than electronic music • (with a little work) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 10. Premises set out… let’s begin We (CC) would like to have metrics for value Q How do we measure/assess cultural value? …using social network analysis? Case study: electronic music[ians] – Who are the main ‘players’ (no pun intended..?) – Who values who? How do they show this? Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 11. Qualitative and Quantitative work informing each other Interviews SoundCloud data analysis Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org e.g. focus on valuing (as a verb), not value (as a noun) e.g. it is possible to create SC groups - is this useful?
- 12. Distinct types of electronic music Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/2014/1 2/19/glitch-lich-live-performance/ http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/201 5/01/02/winterlight-live-set/ http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/2015/02 /01/slackk-live-set/ http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/2014/11 /25/slackk-winterlight-glitch-lich-electronic- music-producers-panel/
- 13. (Where we left this - work-in-progress paper ICCC’14) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 14. Who is on SoundCloud? From analysing ‘follow’ relationships: –By countries, top 3 are US, UK, Germany –By cities, top 3 are London, New York, Berlin –People tend to follow people within same city –http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/2014/09/08/geography-soundcloud-following/ • And people in same genre –By genre, top 3 are house, hip hop, techno –http://valuingelectronicmusic.org/2014/06/04/exploring-genre-on-soundcloud-part-i/ –NB This is not filtered for electronic music genres - but electronic music dominates Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 15. Comments: typically very positive Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org Comments highlighted by interviewees as an important valuing activity
- 16. Identifying sub-networks: place • Ego-network of one of our interviewees and their immediate followers/followees • Colours = places – London = Green – Bristol = Purple – LA = Red (Tony what should we call these colours?) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 17. Identifying sub-networks: genres • Three distinct macro-genres identified: – EDM – Urban – ‘other’ • (Corresponds with music research groupings) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
- 18. Distinct vocabularies per genres # Techno Dubstep House Hiphop 1 set sick nice dope 2 great tune house shit 3 tracks nice super beat 4 loved big production leave 5 fantastic mix support song Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org Top words appearing in comments per genre
- 19. Bringing this back to computational creativity - how can CC use this work? As a proxy for value: – look for [meaningful] interactions between people linked together in subnetworks / ego networks / cliques = evidence of interpersonal relationships – On SoundCloud, interactions tend to be (or spam) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org For a ‘CC electronic musician’: – Set up London-based SC account + upload tracks – Develop the system to interact with other music- makers in similar genres: • Comment on other tracks and respond to comments using that genre’s key vocab • Follow users in those genres – Follow users in key cities (e.g London, NY, Berlin, LA)
- 20. Remember: comments usually positive Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org Comments highlighted by interviewees as an important valuing activity
- 21. Hmm.. Can commenting be used as a simple proxy for value judgments? • Using commenting as a valuing activity • # chars track comments = proxy value metric? EXPERIMENTING: Trying this on Scottish users in our data 1. calvinharris (electro-pop, house) 2. the-nibelheim-incident (Daryl Constance) (dubstep) 3. === middleschoolfrown (John Kevin, electronic pop), davecruickshank (techno), jasegallacher (techno) • But differences in commenting behaviour by genre (not just based on the different vocabulary used) • dubstep producers most prolific (2569 comments) • then techno (2254), hiphop (2081) and house (1725) Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org Early days … work in progress
- 22. Conclusions • You can ‘proxy’ cultural value computationally by studying social network activity – But – look at smaller subnetworks, not the whole – In Soundcloud: networks around place and genre • How do people show they value others’ work? – Look for relationships/links between people – Work out what linking activities indicate more value • In Electronic Music it is commenting and collaborating • We could take advantage of this to measure value computationally, as part of evaluating creativity Valuing Electronic Music http://valuingelectronicmusic.org
Editor's Notes
- As another example of using computers to carry out tasks which should require human knowledge, we can use computational analysis to study interactions in social networks and extrapolate information about how people treat each other and show their interest in other people. But what does activity on a social network reveal about what people really think about each other? Considering the recent research project Valuing Electronic Music (http://valuingelectronicmusic.org), I shall discuss how musicians interact on the social network SoundCloud and what this reveals of their opinions of each other’s music.
- As another example of using computers to carry out tasks which should require human knowledge, we can use computational analysis to study interactions in social networks and extrapolate information about how people treat each other and show their interest in other people. But what does activity on a social network reveal about what people really think about each other? Considering the recent research project Valuing Electronic Music (http://valuingelectronicmusic.org), I shall discuss how musicians interact on the social network SoundCloud and what this reveals of their opinions of each other’s music.
- As another example of using computers to carry out tasks which should require human knowledge, we can use computational analysis to study interactions in social networks and extrapolate information about how people treat each other and show their interest in other people. But what does activity on a social network reveal about what people really think about each other? Considering the recent research project Valuing Electronic Music (http://valuingelectronicmusic.org), I shall discuss how musicians interact on the social network SoundCloud and what this reveals of their opinions of each other’s music.
- As another example of using computers to carry out tasks which should require human knowledge, we can use computational analysis to study interactions in social networks and extrapolate information about how people treat each other and show their interest in other people. But what does activity on a social network reveal about what people really think about each other? Considering the recent research project Valuing Electronic Music (http://valuingelectronicmusic.org), I shall discuss how musicians interact on the social network SoundCloud and what this reveals of their opinions of each other’s music.
- As another example of using computers to carry out tasks which should require human knowledge, we can use computational analysis to study interactions in social networks and extrapolate information about how people treat each other and show their interest in other people. But what does activity on a social network reveal about what people really think about each other? Considering the recent research project Valuing Electronic Music (http://valuingelectronicmusic.org), I shall discuss how musicians interact on the social network SoundCloud and what this reveals of their opinions of each other’s music.