Earl is a 63-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who has been on hemodialysis for a year. He has a history of medical issues including diabetes, heart disease, and early dementia. Earl has recently had several infections related to his dialysis shunt. When a new shunt was to be inserted, Earl resisted and said he no longer wanted dialysis. It is unclear if Earl has decision-making capacity. The ethics committee was consulted to determine if dialysis could be stopped over Earl's objections.