MckaylaPerkins-ResearchPaperPPT
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The document analyzes how different news media organizations framed their coverage of the #MeToo movement through either a neutral, liberal, or conservative lens using framing theory and message salience. The author collected 30 articles from various news sources and identified keywords to determine if coverage used certain language to normalize the sexualization of women or shaped audience views of the movement. The results found that extremely conservative platforms normalized the sexualization of women, while both extreme liberal and conservative organizations used negative keywords to create negative feelings toward #MeToo.
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4. Respond to these questions by examining articles in several recent issues of
one
of the major U.S. newsmagazines,
Newsweek
,
Time
, or
U.S. News and World Report
. They all have websites that post articles if you don’t have access to print editions. Alternatively, you may watch the nightly
national
news broadcasts on any of the major networks for several days.
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specific examples
in your paper.
Conclude the paper with a discussion of what role you think the media should play in a democracy.
Any articles that you quote from or cite in your paper should be included in a bibliography. For examples of how to cite works for your bibliography check out the Center for Academic.
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- More recent theories view audiences as active, selecting media to fulfill needs and bringing their own interpretations under uses and gratifications and reception theories.
More Than Meets the Eye an introdution to media studies ppt slides
This document provides an overview of key concepts from chapters 1-4 of a media studies textbook, including reasons for studying media, media institutions and influence, key processes and terms, and the relationship between media institutions and society. It defines terms like ideology, representation, and culture and discusses how media institutions are financed, how they produce and distribute media, and their power and influence over what audiences see. It also poses questions about topics like media ownership, advertising's role in media financing, and the relationship between media and government.
COJO3040
The document discusses various theories related to the critical tradition of media studies, including Marxist approaches, the Frankfurt School, hegemonic theory, and cultural studies. It also covers feminist media studies and bell hooks's critique of media, which argues that media spreads oppressive ideology and calls for critique and invention through resistance pedagogy and enacting non-dominating ways of being.
Audience theory
This document discusses four theories of audience:
1) The Frankfurt School viewed audiences as passive recipients of media messages through a "hypodermic needle" model.
2) The Two Step Flow theory proposed by Lazarsfeld and Katz found that people are more influenced by interpersonal relationships than media itself, with opinion leaders influencing others.
3) Uses and Gratifications theory sees audiences as active in choosing media to fulfill needs like diversion, relationships, identity and surveillance.
4) David Morley's theory proposed dominant, negotiated and oppositional readings of media based on how much the audience shares the producer's intended meanings.
Communication theories
The document summarizes several communication theories:
- The Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests media has direct influence over passive audiences. It is no longer accepted but still influences views.
- The Agenda Setting Theory claims media can set what issues are discussed and how. Audiences often interpret messages as intended.
- Reinforcement Theory argues media reinforces existing views and other social factors are more influential, except for introducing new ideas.
- Two Step Flow Theory says opinion leaders influence public views after initial media exposure and interpretation.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes audiences actively use media to fulfill needs and have power over media content and influence.
Chapter 2: Perspectives on Mass Communication
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 on perspectives of mass communication. It describes three main approaches: 1) The functional approach examines how audiences use media and benefits received. 2) The critical/cultural approach analyzes underlying power relationships and interpretations found in media. 3) The empirical approach uses social science techniques to study media effects. It then focuses on explaining the functional approach and how it analyzes why people consume media and what needs it fulfills such as cognition, diversion, social utility, affiliation, expression, and withdrawal.
Chapter 2: Perspectives on Mass Communication
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 2 on perspectives of mass communication. It describes three main approaches: 1) The functional approach examines how audiences use media and benefits received. 2) The critical/cultural approach analyzes underlying power relationships and interpretations. 3) The empirical approach uses social science techniques to study media effects. It then focuses on explaining the functional approach and how it analyzes why people consume media to fulfill needs like cognition, diversion, social utility, affiliation, expression, and withdrawal.
Media effects revision - mass media section A2
This document summarizes four models of media effects:
1) Uses and Gratification Model - Views audiences as active in choosing media to fulfill needs and shape identities. It recognizes audience power but ignores social factors.
2) Cultural Effects Model - Views media as tool of dominant groups to gradually influence audiences based on factors like class, gender, ethnicity.
3) Hypodermic Syringe Theory - Views audiences as passive, with media having immediate effects on behavior. It does not recognize outside influences.
4) Two Step Flow Model - Views influence as from media to opinion leaders to audiences, recognizing audiences are not entirely passive but still assumes media ultimately shapes opinions. It does not fully recognize independent audience views.
Key theories
Uses and gratifications theory proposes that media use provides five key gratifications: escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations. Media dependency theory builds on uses and gratifications theory by arguing that people become dependent on media to meet needs like social integration based on their circumstances rather than an inherent need for media. Maslow's hierarchy of needs also supports how people can fulfill higher needs like esteem and self-actualization through social media use.
Key Theories
The document discusses several theories related to how consumers engage with media:
- Uses and gratifications theory identifies 5 common reasons people use media - escapism, entertainment, surveillance, personal identity, and public relations.
- Media dependency theory proposes that people's need for media is influenced by their circumstances rather than a constant dependency, and that media helps with social integration.
- Other theories discussed include reception theory, dominant ideology/hegemony theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and the two-step flow theory.
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- 1. The #MeToo Movement & News Media Response Mckayla Perkins
- 2. Meaning Analysis - This paper analyzes how news media organizations responded to the #MeToo movement, from either a neutral, liberal, conservative lens - I used the Framing Theory & message salience to analyze the data collected - I focused mainly on different “keywords” that were used by news platforms
- 3. Constructs ● “Language” used ● Hostility vs. Positivity ● Political news bias (allsides.com)
- 4. Framing Theory - The use of framing is to understand that there is a set of expectations that everyone has within society, for most all situations (Goffman, 1974).
- 5. Definitions Empirical - Framing functions through schemas - Each scenario that a person experiences is a change to these frames or expectations that a person creates for themselves, usually these changes are made by social cues that others give to another (Goffman, 1974).
- 7. Message Salience - These messages influence the way people think, and their attitudes about issues. Organizations use social media platforms to provide information to their audiences and frame topics in certain ways to gain attention from their preferred audience (Lai & Fu,
- 8. Method - I gathered 30 articles from various news organizations and analyzed them for different key terms - I gathered a mainly equal amount of articles from conservative, liberal, and neutral organizations - By explicating some key terms from each news article I was then able to answer my RQs
- 9. Research Questions 1. Does news media coverage use certain language to normalize the sexualization of women? 2. How do news organizations use framing in their coverage to shape their audiences message salience of the #MeToo movement?
- 10. Results 1. It is found that in the extremely conservative news platforms, the #MeToo movement is normalizing the sexualization of women in the United States 2. It is also found that both extreme liberal and extreme conservative organizations use negative “keywords” and create negative feelings towards the #MeToo movement
- 12. Discussion - My findings are important in understanding differences between in treatment of men and women in the United States - The #MeToo movement is meant to be empowering to women, but can be strewed in many ways of news platforms - It is important that the #MeToo movement not be seen as political, but as a women’s rights issue