Professionals who care for people with intellectual disabilities face many challenges in their work. Ageing in their patients adds further complexity as it exacerbates existing health issues and disabilities. The professionals aim to balance promoting autonomy while also providing care and protection. They approach each unique situation with uncertainty and adapt their approach through discussion and trial. Unlike previous claims, the professionals are not paralyzed by ageing but rather view it as just one of many factors to consider through their established practices of "uncertain decision making". While ageing brings gradual changes, the professionals accept evolving their practices as long as adequate support and resources are provided.
Disablement in simple terms.Several definitions of disability or person with disability are used in Jamaica likewise,
several models of disability have been developed over the years which seek to provide an analysis of the social, political, cultural and economic factors that define disability.
The Disablement Model is one of the many models developed over the years.
Madness and the sociology of disablement: tensions and possibilities by Helen Spandler - a presentation from the symposium on social movements and their contributions to sociological knowledge on mental health at the University of Wolverhampton. Held on 13 June 2014.
Disablement in simple terms.Several definitions of disability or person with disability are used in Jamaica likewise,
several models of disability have been developed over the years which seek to provide an analysis of the social, political, cultural and economic factors that define disability.
The Disablement Model is one of the many models developed over the years.
Madness and the sociology of disablement: tensions and possibilities by Helen Spandler - a presentation from the symposium on social movements and their contributions to sociological knowledge on mental health at the University of Wolverhampton. Held on 13 June 2014.
*************** resources************************8
Course Text:
Coreil, J. (Ed.). (2010).
Social and behavioral foundations of public health
(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chapter 1, "Why Study Social and Behavioral Factors in Public Health?"
The first chapter in the text describes the importance of studying culture and behavior. It provides a historical perspective of the field of behavioral and social sciences and sets the stage for the course with its overarching framework, the social ecology of health model. This chapter also explores the levels of social influence on health issues.
Chapter 2, "Historical Perspectives on Population and Disease"
This chapter delves deeper into the history of health, from the perspectives of disease and the cultural evolution. It also touches upon the health problems that generally occur at different stages of life.
Chapter 5, "Health and Illness Behavior"
Chapter 5 reviews the levels of prevention covered in the first course in the program (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and lays the groundwork for the course by reviewing the relationship between health and illness behavior.
Chapter 7, "Social Reactions to Disease" (pp. 134–136)
In this section of Chapter 7, you will study the concepts of medicalization and hygienization with respect to disease behavior.
Chapter 8, "Comparative Health Cultures" (pp. 145–154)
The authors introduce the concepts of ethnomedicine as well as the various "sectors" of medicine in this section of Chapter 8. The authors also explore cultural models of illness.
Article:
Healthy People. (2010). Healthy People 2020: The Road Ahead! Retrieved from
http://healthypeople.gov/2020/
You will become familiar with the Healthy People 2020 Campaign during this course. Healthy People 2020 is a national effort designed to solve unequal and unjust health treatment of populations. This website will be used for the In the News assignment as well as many other assignments in the course.
Article:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2009).
Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America.
Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2009/rwjf40483
This article presents several carefully coined recommendations to build healthier society. The recommendations are based on research and statistics on the health status of adults and children.
Optional
Resources
Media
Documentary:
Moore, M. (Director). (2007).
Sicko
[Motion picture]. United States: Dog Eat Dog Films.
You may want to rent
Sicko
. It provides a fascinating and controversial view of the health care system in the United States today. The documentary also compares the American health care system with other nations, illustrating the differences in reactions to disease based on the health care system of other countries.
Readings
Course Text:
Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health
Chapter 10, "Reproductive Health"
Chapter 11, "Adolescent Health"
Chapter 12, "Public ...
Social Interaction, Loneliness and Quality of Life in Healthcare and Older Ad...Innovations2Solutions
The purpose of this report is to increase understanding of loneliness and social interaction to improve the quality of life of patients, older adults and carers, so they can progress and the organisations near them can perform better.
Health Psychology Psychological Adjustment to the Disease, Disability and Lossijtsrd
This article discusses the psychological adjustment of adults to severe or incurable diseases or other loss. The stress that results from a diagnosis of illness or loss depends on many factors, such as the beliefs of each individual and the social context. Considering the diversity of human perceptions, feelings and behaviors, it was considered important for the present study to include a theory of stress and treatment related to physical illness. At the center of attention are end stage individuals, not their organic problems but mainly their psychological state and that of their families. Reference is then made to the loss of loved one and the period of mourning. As regards the disease response, there is a difference between the immediate reaction to loss, what we call mourning, and the adaptation to a new way of life without the loved one. Finally, the role of therapeutic communication between patients and their families and mental health professionals, as well as the need to maintain psychological balance, is also described. Agathi Argyriadi | Alexandros Argyriadis ""Health Psychology: Psychological Adjustment to the Disease, Disability and Loss"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23200.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/23200/health-psychology-psychological-adjustment-to-the-disease-disability-and-loss/agathi-argyriadi
Disability in India & Model of DisabilityTalwar Upmesh
This presentation is comprised with Disability in India which comprised with the Model of Disability, causes, Demographic profile of Disabled in India.
More Related Content
Similar to Master thesis abstract - P. Chaize - July 2015
*************** resources************************8
Course Text:
Coreil, J. (Ed.). (2010).
Social and behavioral foundations of public health
(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chapter 1, "Why Study Social and Behavioral Factors in Public Health?"
The first chapter in the text describes the importance of studying culture and behavior. It provides a historical perspective of the field of behavioral and social sciences and sets the stage for the course with its overarching framework, the social ecology of health model. This chapter also explores the levels of social influence on health issues.
Chapter 2, "Historical Perspectives on Population and Disease"
This chapter delves deeper into the history of health, from the perspectives of disease and the cultural evolution. It also touches upon the health problems that generally occur at different stages of life.
Chapter 5, "Health and Illness Behavior"
Chapter 5 reviews the levels of prevention covered in the first course in the program (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and lays the groundwork for the course by reviewing the relationship between health and illness behavior.
Chapter 7, "Social Reactions to Disease" (pp. 134–136)
In this section of Chapter 7, you will study the concepts of medicalization and hygienization with respect to disease behavior.
Chapter 8, "Comparative Health Cultures" (pp. 145–154)
The authors introduce the concepts of ethnomedicine as well as the various "sectors" of medicine in this section of Chapter 8. The authors also explore cultural models of illness.
Article:
Healthy People. (2010). Healthy People 2020: The Road Ahead! Retrieved from
http://healthypeople.gov/2020/
You will become familiar with the Healthy People 2020 Campaign during this course. Healthy People 2020 is a national effort designed to solve unequal and unjust health treatment of populations. This website will be used for the In the News assignment as well as many other assignments in the course.
Article:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2009).
Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America.
Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2009/rwjf40483
This article presents several carefully coined recommendations to build healthier society. The recommendations are based on research and statistics on the health status of adults and children.
Optional
Resources
Media
Documentary:
Moore, M. (Director). (2007).
Sicko
[Motion picture]. United States: Dog Eat Dog Films.
You may want to rent
Sicko
. It provides a fascinating and controversial view of the health care system in the United States today. The documentary also compares the American health care system with other nations, illustrating the differences in reactions to disease based on the health care system of other countries.
Readings
Course Text:
Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health
Chapter 10, "Reproductive Health"
Chapter 11, "Adolescent Health"
Chapter 12, "Public ...
Social Interaction, Loneliness and Quality of Life in Healthcare and Older Ad...Innovations2Solutions
The purpose of this report is to increase understanding of loneliness and social interaction to improve the quality of life of patients, older adults and carers, so they can progress and the organisations near them can perform better.
Health Psychology Psychological Adjustment to the Disease, Disability and Lossijtsrd
This article discusses the psychological adjustment of adults to severe or incurable diseases or other loss. The stress that results from a diagnosis of illness or loss depends on many factors, such as the beliefs of each individual and the social context. Considering the diversity of human perceptions, feelings and behaviors, it was considered important for the present study to include a theory of stress and treatment related to physical illness. At the center of attention are end stage individuals, not their organic problems but mainly their psychological state and that of their families. Reference is then made to the loss of loved one and the period of mourning. As regards the disease response, there is a difference between the immediate reaction to loss, what we call mourning, and the adaptation to a new way of life without the loved one. Finally, the role of therapeutic communication between patients and their families and mental health professionals, as well as the need to maintain psychological balance, is also described. Agathi Argyriadi | Alexandros Argyriadis ""Health Psychology: Psychological Adjustment to the Disease, Disability and Loss"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23200.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/23200/health-psychology-psychological-adjustment-to-the-disease-disability-and-loss/agathi-argyriadi
Disability in India & Model of DisabilityTalwar Upmesh
This presentation is comprised with Disability in India which comprised with the Model of Disability, causes, Demographic profile of Disabled in India.
Similar to Master thesis abstract - P. Chaize - July 2015 (9)
1. 1/2
Master thesis
Doubt clinic and uncertain decisions: how ageing is integrated in the practices of
professionals accompanying persons with intellectual disabilities.
University of Lyon 2, Faculty of anthropology, political sciences and sociology
Philippe Chaize, 8 July 2015
ABSTRACT
Over the past ten years, the ageing of people with disabilities has become a growing issue for both
the medical and the welfare sectors. Thanks to the improvement of health conditions – and more
generally of people’s close environment – the increase in the general population’s life expectancy has
also benefited people with disabilities. Though fragmented and still lacking a comprehensive analysis,
an abundant literature has addressed the issue of ageing persons with disabilities. But this literature
is mainly focused on the policies and institutional aspects of this major trend. Few reports actually
address the impact on the practices of the professionals who give support and accompany persons
with disabilities. Among these reports, Gabbaï’s study in the field of intellectual disabilities looked
interesting to us. The author suggests that the various deteriorations coming up as symptoms of
ageing, such as mobility reduction and an increasing occurrence of diseases, for instance, will create
major difficulties for professionals whose background training contrariwise prepared them to aim at
the development of people’s capacities. He believes professionals are becoming powerless and
distressed as ageing symptoms emerge. To us, this radical statement seemed – to say the least –
worth a field check through research. This starting assumption was put forward to initiate our field
survey, as proposed by the “comprehensive interview” (Kaufmann, 2011) methodology. Our final
research hypothesis has then been formulated during our field survey. Adapei du Rhône, as a non-
profit organization taking care of people with intellectual disabilities, is said to face the issue of
ageing and two of its institutions have shown concern for this subject. They warmly received our field
research.
Still, there was confusion at first for the second institution: even though both institutions said they
were concerned by the ageing of their residents, the average age happened to be 60 in one of them
and only 42 in the other. Moreover, the more we investigated the ageing issue, the more it became
elusive. Indeed, professionals indicated they couldn’t make the distinction between the ageing
characteristics and those of disability, disease, somatic or psychic disorders… We therefore
orientated our study on analysing their daily practices to better understand how ageing is taken into
account, among other characteristics. Three major features were thus identified.
Firstly, professionals who accompany persons with intellectual disabilities face five major classes of
troubles (see Chapter 1): communication and understanding disorders restrain the capacity to get a
clear understanding of the person’s situation. Moreover, intellectual impairment creates confusion
on the status of the person who is either treated as an adult (that they legally are) or as a child.
Residents of both institutions suffer from somatic and psychic disorders, both being either
independent from their disability or directly – or indirectly – related to it. When ageing symptoms
occur, they will blend with pre-existing troubles.
Secondly, we looked at what appeared to be a dilemma for the accompanying practices (see Chapter
2). They generally go along two main objectives: the development of the autonomy (Ehrenberg,
2. 2/2
2000), related to the concept of empowerment and a search for the person’s well-being, related to
the concept of care. These objectives imply two opposite categories of actions. Improving the
autonomy of persons requires actions such as stimulation, encouragement and incitation although
well-being requires such actions as protection, attention and care. Both objectives can always be
reconciled but the actions they require are in opposition, which puts professionals in a situation
where they have to choose between stimulation and protection. But basically they don’t pick one out
of these two options, rather they alternatively go for one or the other according to the situation
(Ravon, 2014).
Thirdly (see Chapter 3), the development of autonomy, which is given a pivotal role in the
professional practices, is harmed by the various coercion mechanisms (Foucault, 1975) a person with
intellectual disabilities has to face. The institutions’ residents in our study are under the legal
measure of protection of incapacitated adults which restrain their self-capacity for decision (Eyraud,
2013). In addition, the institution also sets coercive systems (Goffman, 1968) such as the use of
sanction towards residents. This “constrained autonomy” paradox is another complex issue
professionals have to deal with.
Troubles, dilemma, paradox… these three main features have induced specific mechanisms of action
in the daily practices of professionals (see Chapter 4). Instead of paralyzing their acting capacities,
they are brought into controversial debates and used by practitioners in their deliberations. Their
opinions are neither final nor reliable; they are characterised by uncertainty and precaution
(Aristotle, 1975). Discussions are therefore opened to many options and leave room for trials. Their
collaborative work allows testing as a solution, the possibility of making mistakes and eventually
reconsidering the case. Thus, they design a brilliant and reversible step-by-step system of “uncertain
decision” (Callon, Lascoumes, Barthe, 2001) enabling them to permanently adapt their modalities of
action. This is how the various troubles persons with intellectual disabilities may have are taken into
consideration in professional practices. Unlike Gabbaï, we believe professionals are not specifically
distressed by the emergence of ageing symptoms; they are confused but no more than they usually
are in their daily routine.
Ageing symptoms being mixed with others, ageing is naturally taken over by professionals without
noticing it… at least on a short-term basis (see Chapter 5). On the longer run, they experience the
effects of ageing on their activity: slower rhythms, more important nursing needs, taking their
practices towards more care rather than empowerment. For most of them, this evolution of their
practices is well-accepted, as far as the institution provides adequate resources (training courses,
human resources and technical equipment). Besides, the issue of ageing is certainly more of a
concern for the Adapei du Rhône organization than for its professionals. Allocating resources
certainly is an issue, but not quite as important as an overall rethinking of their missions.