The Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) was established in the late 1990s to enhance Spain's research capabilities in cancer, operating under the Ministry of Economy with a focus on scientific excellence. CNIO's organizational structure supports independence in funding and research management, fostering an international environment for collaboration and innovation, including drug discovery initiatives. The Centre has reported significant advancements in clinical research, scientific publications, and public engagement, emphasizing its role in translating basic research into clinical applications.