Trophy hunting of African elephants is meant to help conservation efforts by providing funds, but evidence shows it often fails to meaningfully support communities or curb poaching. While Namibia's program channels some money to communities, corruption in Zimbabwe means villagers see little benefit despite high hunting fees. The small number of jobs and minimal returns to landowners have not incentivized protecting elephants, whose populations continue to decline sharply in Tanzania, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe due to poaching. While trophy hunting could help with management if revenues were fairly distributed, in reality political elites often seize the most profitable hunting areas and revenues do not trickle down as intended.
The CAMPFIRE scheme in Zimbabwe allows rural communities to benefit economically from sustainable wildlife management. Through CAMPFIRE, communities set quotas and sell hunting licenses which provide income to invest in schools, clinics, and other development projects. CAMPFIRE has also diversified into ecotourism like wildlife viewing camps. This helps reduce rural poverty and encourages conservation by giving value to wild animals.
Panthera is an organization devoted to preserving wild cats and their ecosystems. It develops strategies based on science to protect cheetahs, jaguars, leopards, lions, pumas, snow leopards and tigers. WildAid's mission is to end the illegal wildlife trade by changing consumer behavior. WildCRU was founded in 1986 and conducts original research to achieve practical conservation solutions, particularly for wild cats including lions. The document provides background on these three organizations and then summarizes a report on the crisis facing Africa's lions, whose populations have declined 43% in the past two decades due to loss of habitat and threats like retaliatory killing and bushmeat hunting.
This document discusses the controversy around trophy hunting in Africa. It summarizes the arguments from both sides. While proponents argue that trophy hunting generates millions for conservation and local communities, critics argue that it threatens endangered species through overhunting, poaching, and illegal wildlife trafficking. The document also notes concerns about the sustainability of trophy hunting quotas given limited wildlife population data, and the use of trophy hunting to supply black markets for rhino horn and lion bones in Asia.
Article on lions by Megan Webel in South Africa Deluxe magazine Chris Mercer
Lions once roamed across Africa, Asia, and Europe, but now their populations are declining rapidly. Only about 15,000 lions remain in the wild, living primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. Canned lion hunting, where lions are bred on farms to be hunted, threatens wild lions. While some argue hunting pays for conservation, others believe canned lion hunting undermines conservation efforts and should be banned. Countries that have protected lions and invested in eco-tourism, like Botswana, Kenya, and Zambia, have seen greater economic and conservation benefits compared to hunting.
The African Wildlife Foundation demands a ban on trophy hunting of lions in Africa to help protect the declining lion population. Trophy hunting endangers wildlife by contributing to lion mortalities above sustainable levels. The population of lions in Africa has declined 42% over the last 21 years, and now every individual lion counts. Some hunters pay to shoot lions in fenced enclosures, a practice that guarantees a trophy but does little to aid conservation. The AWF urges action to ban trophy hunting and allow lions to roam freely again.
The elephant population in Chad declined drastically from 300,000 in 1970 to only 328 in 2006. Across Africa, thousands of elephants are being brutally slaughtered by poachers for their ivory tusks. Elephants are usually killed at around age 4, less than 5% of their natural lifespan. Poachers use methods like snares, spike traps, and silenced weapons to kill elephants, which would be considered torture against humans. Once the elephant has died, its tusks and bones are ripped from its flesh and the carcass is left behind while the ivory is sold on the black market. The ivory trade is a multimillion dollar industry that can only be stopped if more people take action against
Dr. Peter Hammond gave a presentation on rhino poaching in South Africa. He discussed how poaching has increased dramatically from 7 rhinos poached in 2000 to over 1000 poached in 2013. This is being driven by demand for rhino horn in Asian markets, where it is believed to be a miracle drug. Rhino poaching is now a $150 billion industry and is carried out by organized criminal networks. The poachers are heavily armed and there is an ongoing deadly battle with game rangers and police. However, efforts to stop poaching are being undermined by corruption among officials and across borders in Mozambique, where poachers operate from. Unless action is taken against this organized crime, rhino populations could
This document discusses the threats facing Ontario wolves and calls for a provincial wolf protection plan. It summarizes the current situation where wolves have no meaningful protections and can be hunted and trapped year-round with no limits. It outlines 9 recommendations for a protection plan, including banning snaring, establishing protected habitat corridors, conducting population assessments, and promoting coexistence through education and non-lethal deterrents of livestock predation. The document provides context on the global decline of wolves and threats facing populations in Ontario.
The CAMPFIRE scheme in Zimbabwe allows rural communities to benefit economically from sustainable wildlife management. Through CAMPFIRE, communities set quotas and sell hunting licenses which provide income to invest in schools, clinics, and other development projects. CAMPFIRE has also diversified into ecotourism like wildlife viewing camps. This helps reduce rural poverty and encourages conservation by giving value to wild animals.
Panthera is an organization devoted to preserving wild cats and their ecosystems. It develops strategies based on science to protect cheetahs, jaguars, leopards, lions, pumas, snow leopards and tigers. WildAid's mission is to end the illegal wildlife trade by changing consumer behavior. WildCRU was founded in 1986 and conducts original research to achieve practical conservation solutions, particularly for wild cats including lions. The document provides background on these three organizations and then summarizes a report on the crisis facing Africa's lions, whose populations have declined 43% in the past two decades due to loss of habitat and threats like retaliatory killing and bushmeat hunting.
This document discusses the controversy around trophy hunting in Africa. It summarizes the arguments from both sides. While proponents argue that trophy hunting generates millions for conservation and local communities, critics argue that it threatens endangered species through overhunting, poaching, and illegal wildlife trafficking. The document also notes concerns about the sustainability of trophy hunting quotas given limited wildlife population data, and the use of trophy hunting to supply black markets for rhino horn and lion bones in Asia.
Article on lions by Megan Webel in South Africa Deluxe magazine Chris Mercer
Lions once roamed across Africa, Asia, and Europe, but now their populations are declining rapidly. Only about 15,000 lions remain in the wild, living primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. Canned lion hunting, where lions are bred on farms to be hunted, threatens wild lions. While some argue hunting pays for conservation, others believe canned lion hunting undermines conservation efforts and should be banned. Countries that have protected lions and invested in eco-tourism, like Botswana, Kenya, and Zambia, have seen greater economic and conservation benefits compared to hunting.
The African Wildlife Foundation demands a ban on trophy hunting of lions in Africa to help protect the declining lion population. Trophy hunting endangers wildlife by contributing to lion mortalities above sustainable levels. The population of lions in Africa has declined 42% over the last 21 years, and now every individual lion counts. Some hunters pay to shoot lions in fenced enclosures, a practice that guarantees a trophy but does little to aid conservation. The AWF urges action to ban trophy hunting and allow lions to roam freely again.
The elephant population in Chad declined drastically from 300,000 in 1970 to only 328 in 2006. Across Africa, thousands of elephants are being brutally slaughtered by poachers for their ivory tusks. Elephants are usually killed at around age 4, less than 5% of their natural lifespan. Poachers use methods like snares, spike traps, and silenced weapons to kill elephants, which would be considered torture against humans. Once the elephant has died, its tusks and bones are ripped from its flesh and the carcass is left behind while the ivory is sold on the black market. The ivory trade is a multimillion dollar industry that can only be stopped if more people take action against
Dr. Peter Hammond gave a presentation on rhino poaching in South Africa. He discussed how poaching has increased dramatically from 7 rhinos poached in 2000 to over 1000 poached in 2013. This is being driven by demand for rhino horn in Asian markets, where it is believed to be a miracle drug. Rhino poaching is now a $150 billion industry and is carried out by organized criminal networks. The poachers are heavily armed and there is an ongoing deadly battle with game rangers and police. However, efforts to stop poaching are being undermined by corruption among officials and across borders in Mozambique, where poachers operate from. Unless action is taken against this organized crime, rhino populations could
This document discusses the threats facing Ontario wolves and calls for a provincial wolf protection plan. It summarizes the current situation where wolves have no meaningful protections and can be hunted and trapped year-round with no limits. It outlines 9 recommendations for a protection plan, including banning snaring, establishing protected habitat corridors, conducting population assessments, and promoting coexistence through education and non-lethal deterrents of livestock predation. The document provides context on the global decline of wolves and threats facing populations in Ontario.
This document summarizes research on two nanomaterials for groundwater remediation: carbon-based nanomaterials and nano-zero valent iron. Carbon nanotubes like SWCNTs and MWCNTs show potential to sorb metals and organic contaminants more effectively than granular activated carbon due to their high surface area. Nano-zero valent iron is a strong reducing agent that can directly degrade a variety of contaminants when injected into groundwater. However, mobility of nanomaterials in porous media is complex and not fully understood. Further research is also needed to evaluate environmental and health impacts of nanomaterial use.
Marxism is a political and economic theory founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development. The theory aims to establish a communist society without private property through empowering the proletariat, and it influenced governments in early 20th century European countries as well as the USSR and currently North Korea. Marxism has branches including communism, socialism, collectivism, Leninism, and Bolshevism.
This document outlines a system called the GEAR system for generating high quality leads without selling one-by-one. The system involves four steps: 1) Gene - understanding your target market through interviews to create an avatar profile, 2) Engineer - structuring offers that solve your avatar's problems at different willingness-to-buy stages, 3) Attract - marketing directly to your avatar using their own words, and 4) Replicate - testing offers through 200 visitors and continually improving based on conversions. It provides examples of how to conduct interviews, design a value ladder of offers, build the marketing funnel, and test optimization. The key is understanding your avatar's psychology and moving buyers through the funnel with increasingly higher value offers proven to
Scaling Dubsmash's backend from 0 to 100+ million users Daniel Taschik
Dubsmash grew faster than any other app before. This presentation has been given at the PyConDE 2016 in Munich by Daniel Taschik, Co-Founder and CTO of Dubsmash. It gives insight into the evolution of Dubsmash's infrastructure, that the team scaled from 0 to over 100 million users in 12 months.
Challenges and insight into the used technologies and services are being showed. Find out more and check our tech blog at https://tech.dubsmash.com
Kalau Belum Punya 10 Game PS4 Ini, Percuma Saja Kamu Punya Konsolnya!Caroline Winata
Pemerintah mengumumkan paket stimulus ekonomi baru untuk menyelamatkan bisnis dan pekerjaan yang terkena dampak virus corona. Paket ini mencakup insentif pajak, keringanan pinjaman, dan bantuan tunai langsung untuk warga yang terdampak. Tujuannya adalah menjaga agar ekonomi tidak jatuh dalam resesi akibat wabah global ini.
Este documento describe los significados y asociaciones comunes de 8 colores principales - rojo, azul, blanco, naranja, amarillo, negro, marrón y verde. Para cada color, se enumeran algunas de sus cualidades como la pasión (rojo), la nobleza (azul), la inocencia (blanco), la diversión (naranja), el optimismo (amarillo), la elegancia (negro), la comodidad (marrón) y la salud y la naturaleza (verde). El documento también incluye gráficos que muestran
IJIS Institute_Use Cases in Public Safety CAD-to-CAD (Nov 2015)Becky Ward
This document discusses use cases for public safety CAD-to-CAD data sharing. It provides examples of how data sharing improves situational awareness for law enforcement and fire/rescue agencies and enables more automated incident handling. Daily benefits include faster response times, better coordination of resources, and enhanced assistance to callers. Data sharing is particularly important during large-scale emergencies to allow immediate, informed response. The document outlines several agency examples and discusses benefits like reduced response times, prevented crimes, and improved outcomes with better information.
Advanced Cardiac Emergency Hospital in KolkataRonit Roy
ILS Hospitals is one of the advanced cardiac emergency hospital in Kolkata, offering cardiac ailments to adults and children. Rush into ILS during cardiac emergency.
This document discusses various investment strategies and asset classes for growing wealth over the long term, including equities, property, bonds, asset allocation funds, and the benefits of each. It emphasizes that investing for growth requires having exposure to growth assets like equities and property through a portfolio in order to beat inflation. It also stresses the importance of patience, planning, diversification, and a long-term perspective to achieve the best returns when investing.
New Rhino Conservation Project in South Africa to Understand Landowner Decisi...Crystal Schalmo
This document discusses rhino conservation efforts in South Africa. It notes that around a quarter of South Africa's rhinos live on private land, and private reserves have played an important role in increasing rhino populations. However, rising poaching rates threaten the financial incentives for private landowners to protect rhinos. The researchers have created an online system to monitor how factors like poaching influence private landowners' decisions regarding rhino conservation. They aim to gather data on trends to better understand how proposals like legalizing rhino horn trade may impact private reserves' role in conservation.
Zimbabwe has developed eco-tourism to limit negative impacts on the environment and local people from tourism. Eco-tourism aims to minimize damage to local culture, help social justice, protect wildlife, and generate income for local communities. Tourism in Zimbabwe grew 20% since 1990, bringing economic benefits, but also risks degrading resources if not managed properly. Zimbabwe protects over 10% of its land through national parks and game reserves, home to wildlife like elephants, rhinos, lions, and giraffes. While eco-tourism provides benefits, some challenges remain, like conflicts between wildlife and subsistence farmers living near reserves.
- Charlie Mayhew gave the keynote speech at the Groenveld Conference on June 13, 2013 about the unprecedented poaching crisis in Africa threatening elephants, rhinos, and other species.
- Demand for rhino horn and ivory from Asian consumers is driving rampant poaching of these animals for profit, despite these products having no proven medicinal value. Iconic species like rhinos and elephants are at risk of extinction within a generation if trends continue.
- Tusk, the organization Mayhew represents, works on anti-poaching efforts, supports community conservation initiatives, and advocates for strong policies to curb demand and enhance enforcement against wildlife trafficking. Mayhew calls on the global community to work together to
The document discusses investment opportunities in tourism development within Zambia's national parks and game management areas. It notes that Zambia has over 16 million hectares set aside for conservation, accounting for 30% of the country's total land and containing high biodiversity. However, Zambia generates much less tourism revenue per hectare compared to neighboring countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe. The Zambia Wildlife Authority is seeking investments to develop new tourist accommodations across several national parks, including sites for lodges, hotels, and bush camps. Specific opportunities in South Luangwa National Park are highlighted.
WildAid's mission is to end the illegal wildlife trade by reducing demand through public awareness campaigns and marine protection. The illegal wildlife trade is worth over $10 billion per year and has reduced many populations, yet little is spent on reducing demand. WildAid is the only organization focused on reducing demand for wildlife products through education. Their message is that when buying stops, the killing can too. They create public service announcements and documentaries to educate consumers and reduce rhino horn demand, especially in China where their message reaches 1 billion people per week.
Trafficking ivory from east africa to asiaBrad Kremer
The document discusses the trafficking of ivory and rhino horn from Eastern Africa to Asia. It notes that elephant populations grew after an 1989 ivory trade ban but have recently declined due to rising demand from Asia fueling increased poaching. Eastern Africa contains over 140,000 elephants, mainly in Tanzania, Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda, and serves as a source and transit point for illegally trafficked ivory. Similarly, rhino populations are very low in Eastern Africa but face threats from a growing black market trade in rhino horn fueled by demand in Vietnam.
CC Africa is a safari company that brings tourists to Tanzania and other parts of Africa to see wildlife and support local communities. They have various conservation and community development programs funded by tourism, including education initiatives, healthcare clinics, infrastructure projects, and more. Their model aims to make tourism an overall support for conservation efforts, not something that negatively impacts protected areas, by taking an environmentally sustainable approach and investing tourism revenues back into local areas.
Tunde Folawiyo - Dwindling rhino populations in ZambiaTunde Folawiyo
The African continent is home to an enormous amount of species, many of which are among the most majestic in the world. Whilst millions of animals inhabit the countries of Africa, human factors and habitat destruction have caused a severe impact on a notable amount of ecosystems, rendering a variety of species endangered or extinct.
This document summarizes research on two nanomaterials for groundwater remediation: carbon-based nanomaterials and nano-zero valent iron. Carbon nanotubes like SWCNTs and MWCNTs show potential to sorb metals and organic contaminants more effectively than granular activated carbon due to their high surface area. Nano-zero valent iron is a strong reducing agent that can directly degrade a variety of contaminants when injected into groundwater. However, mobility of nanomaterials in porous media is complex and not fully understood. Further research is also needed to evaluate environmental and health impacts of nanomaterial use.
Marxism is a political and economic theory founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development. The theory aims to establish a communist society without private property through empowering the proletariat, and it influenced governments in early 20th century European countries as well as the USSR and currently North Korea. Marxism has branches including communism, socialism, collectivism, Leninism, and Bolshevism.
This document outlines a system called the GEAR system for generating high quality leads without selling one-by-one. The system involves four steps: 1) Gene - understanding your target market through interviews to create an avatar profile, 2) Engineer - structuring offers that solve your avatar's problems at different willingness-to-buy stages, 3) Attract - marketing directly to your avatar using their own words, and 4) Replicate - testing offers through 200 visitors and continually improving based on conversions. It provides examples of how to conduct interviews, design a value ladder of offers, build the marketing funnel, and test optimization. The key is understanding your avatar's psychology and moving buyers through the funnel with increasingly higher value offers proven to
Scaling Dubsmash's backend from 0 to 100+ million users Daniel Taschik
Dubsmash grew faster than any other app before. This presentation has been given at the PyConDE 2016 in Munich by Daniel Taschik, Co-Founder and CTO of Dubsmash. It gives insight into the evolution of Dubsmash's infrastructure, that the team scaled from 0 to over 100 million users in 12 months.
Challenges and insight into the used technologies and services are being showed. Find out more and check our tech blog at https://tech.dubsmash.com
Kalau Belum Punya 10 Game PS4 Ini, Percuma Saja Kamu Punya Konsolnya!Caroline Winata
Pemerintah mengumumkan paket stimulus ekonomi baru untuk menyelamatkan bisnis dan pekerjaan yang terkena dampak virus corona. Paket ini mencakup insentif pajak, keringanan pinjaman, dan bantuan tunai langsung untuk warga yang terdampak. Tujuannya adalah menjaga agar ekonomi tidak jatuh dalam resesi akibat wabah global ini.
Este documento describe los significados y asociaciones comunes de 8 colores principales - rojo, azul, blanco, naranja, amarillo, negro, marrón y verde. Para cada color, se enumeran algunas de sus cualidades como la pasión (rojo), la nobleza (azul), la inocencia (blanco), la diversión (naranja), el optimismo (amarillo), la elegancia (negro), la comodidad (marrón) y la salud y la naturaleza (verde). El documento también incluye gráficos que muestran
IJIS Institute_Use Cases in Public Safety CAD-to-CAD (Nov 2015)Becky Ward
This document discusses use cases for public safety CAD-to-CAD data sharing. It provides examples of how data sharing improves situational awareness for law enforcement and fire/rescue agencies and enables more automated incident handling. Daily benefits include faster response times, better coordination of resources, and enhanced assistance to callers. Data sharing is particularly important during large-scale emergencies to allow immediate, informed response. The document outlines several agency examples and discusses benefits like reduced response times, prevented crimes, and improved outcomes with better information.
Advanced Cardiac Emergency Hospital in KolkataRonit Roy
ILS Hospitals is one of the advanced cardiac emergency hospital in Kolkata, offering cardiac ailments to adults and children. Rush into ILS during cardiac emergency.
This document discusses various investment strategies and asset classes for growing wealth over the long term, including equities, property, bonds, asset allocation funds, and the benefits of each. It emphasizes that investing for growth requires having exposure to growth assets like equities and property through a portfolio in order to beat inflation. It also stresses the importance of patience, planning, diversification, and a long-term perspective to achieve the best returns when investing.
New Rhino Conservation Project in South Africa to Understand Landowner Decisi...Crystal Schalmo
This document discusses rhino conservation efforts in South Africa. It notes that around a quarter of South Africa's rhinos live on private land, and private reserves have played an important role in increasing rhino populations. However, rising poaching rates threaten the financial incentives for private landowners to protect rhinos. The researchers have created an online system to monitor how factors like poaching influence private landowners' decisions regarding rhino conservation. They aim to gather data on trends to better understand how proposals like legalizing rhino horn trade may impact private reserves' role in conservation.
Zimbabwe has developed eco-tourism to limit negative impacts on the environment and local people from tourism. Eco-tourism aims to minimize damage to local culture, help social justice, protect wildlife, and generate income for local communities. Tourism in Zimbabwe grew 20% since 1990, bringing economic benefits, but also risks degrading resources if not managed properly. Zimbabwe protects over 10% of its land through national parks and game reserves, home to wildlife like elephants, rhinos, lions, and giraffes. While eco-tourism provides benefits, some challenges remain, like conflicts between wildlife and subsistence farmers living near reserves.
- Charlie Mayhew gave the keynote speech at the Groenveld Conference on June 13, 2013 about the unprecedented poaching crisis in Africa threatening elephants, rhinos, and other species.
- Demand for rhino horn and ivory from Asian consumers is driving rampant poaching of these animals for profit, despite these products having no proven medicinal value. Iconic species like rhinos and elephants are at risk of extinction within a generation if trends continue.
- Tusk, the organization Mayhew represents, works on anti-poaching efforts, supports community conservation initiatives, and advocates for strong policies to curb demand and enhance enforcement against wildlife trafficking. Mayhew calls on the global community to work together to
The document discusses investment opportunities in tourism development within Zambia's national parks and game management areas. It notes that Zambia has over 16 million hectares set aside for conservation, accounting for 30% of the country's total land and containing high biodiversity. However, Zambia generates much less tourism revenue per hectare compared to neighboring countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe. The Zambia Wildlife Authority is seeking investments to develop new tourist accommodations across several national parks, including sites for lodges, hotels, and bush camps. Specific opportunities in South Luangwa National Park are highlighted.
WildAid's mission is to end the illegal wildlife trade by reducing demand through public awareness campaigns and marine protection. The illegal wildlife trade is worth over $10 billion per year and has reduced many populations, yet little is spent on reducing demand. WildAid is the only organization focused on reducing demand for wildlife products through education. Their message is that when buying stops, the killing can too. They create public service announcements and documentaries to educate consumers and reduce rhino horn demand, especially in China where their message reaches 1 billion people per week.
Trafficking ivory from east africa to asiaBrad Kremer
The document discusses the trafficking of ivory and rhino horn from Eastern Africa to Asia. It notes that elephant populations grew after an 1989 ivory trade ban but have recently declined due to rising demand from Asia fueling increased poaching. Eastern Africa contains over 140,000 elephants, mainly in Tanzania, Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda, and serves as a source and transit point for illegally trafficked ivory. Similarly, rhino populations are very low in Eastern Africa but face threats from a growing black market trade in rhino horn fueled by demand in Vietnam.
CC Africa is a safari company that brings tourists to Tanzania and other parts of Africa to see wildlife and support local communities. They have various conservation and community development programs funded by tourism, including education initiatives, healthcare clinics, infrastructure projects, and more. Their model aims to make tourism an overall support for conservation efforts, not something that negatively impacts protected areas, by taking an environmentally sustainable approach and investing tourism revenues back into local areas.
Tunde Folawiyo - Dwindling rhino populations in ZambiaTunde Folawiyo
The African continent is home to an enormous amount of species, many of which are among the most majestic in the world. Whilst millions of animals inhabit the countries of Africa, human factors and habitat destruction have caused a severe impact on a notable amount of ecosystems, rendering a variety of species endangered or extinct.
Lion populations across western and central Africa are in steep decline or extinct. Surveys in 2010 found no lions remaining in Cote d'Ivoire, Congo, and Ghana. Other countries like Nigeria have extremely small lion populations near extinction. High rates of illegal bushmeat poaching of lions and their prey species threaten the few remaining populations. Trophy hunting is considered unsustainable in most countries due to unknown population sizes, illegal off-take, and lack of population assessments. Immediate action is needed to stabilize lion numbers and prevent regional extinction across the region.
The document discusses several strategies for conserving big cat species, including lions, tigers, leopards, and cheetahs. It recommends protecting habitats, identifying priority populations for conservation efforts, connecting reserves through land-use planning, increasing anti-poaching enforcement, and creating more reserves. Threats to big cats include loss of habitat, poaching for traditional medicine, hunting, and lack of legal protections. Several organizations work to rescue and rehabilitate big cats in Africa through research, education, and secure protected areas.
China leads the decimation of Africa’s wildlifeIan Rainey
The Northern Ireland Tourist Board has launched their annual tourism awards to recognize outstanding achievements in the tourism industry. The awards ceremony will take place in May and will honor winners across 11 categories, including two new categories for sustainable tourism and best marketing mix. The director of the NITB encourages all tourism organizations to enter to gain recognition for their work in creating quality visitor experiences.
Aaron Canda Senior Thesis Final Draft (1)Aaron Canda
1) Elephant populations are declining due to poaching for ivory, which is highly valuable. 2) This paper proposes hypotheses to devalue ivory through staining tusks, increase law enforcement of poaching, and educate the public. 3) Successful conservation requires reducing ivory demand and increasing protection of elephants and their habitats.
The most disturbing trend has been the horrific increase in poaching of rhinos. South Africa has skyrocketed year on year in rhinos poaching whereas its different in the small asian country. 2011 and 2013 stats showed Zero poaching of Animals in through out Nepal.
Know more about the second biggest mammal, their remaining numbers, the possible threats directly affecting in the numbers of Rhinos.
The document summarizes information about wildlife crime in Uganda presented by the Wildlife Conservation Society. It defines wildlife crime and discusses the common types occurring in Uganda. The main drivers are identified as traditional practices, subsistence needs, and commercial trade, both within and outside the country. The impacts on elephant and lion populations are shown through census data. Actions to combat wildlife crime discussed include effective ranger patrols, intelligence gathering, working with the judiciary, and addressing the root drivers by engaging local communities and establishing alternative livelihoods. A multifaceted approach is needed to curb wildlife crime in Uganda.
WildAid is a conservation organization that aims to reduce demand for illegal wildlife products like ivory through public awareness campaigns. Their message is that reducing consumer demand can help stop elephant poaching. A 2012 survey in China found low awareness about elephant poaching levels and an inability to distinguish legal from illegal ivory. However, most Chinese residents supported banning ivory trade to protect elephants from poaching in Africa.
Btech Practical Project - Anti Rhino poaching online campaignJamey Plessis
The document outlines an online awareness campaign called "If You Only Knew" to help raise awareness about rhino poaching. It discusses the five remaining rhino species and background on poaching. It then profiles several organizations working to protect rhinos and their initiatives. The target market for the campaign is described as well as how social media can be used. The campaign concept involves creating an interactive rhino personality on social media to educate people about rhino life. Elements would include a viral video, masks with links to the online pages, and advertising the rhino's social media accounts.
The Bushmeat Crisis In Eastern Africa was a talk given to a visitng MSc class from University of Exeter at Naivasha\' Fisherman\'s Camp in January 2010.
This document discusses several strategies for big cat conservation, including protecting habitats, increasing laws against poaching and private ownership, funding sanctuaries, monitoring populations, regional planning of reserves, banning tourism, increasing law enforcement, and providing resources to conservation groups. It stresses the importance of urgent action to protect critically endangered species like the Amur leopard and Asiatic lion, which have very small and isolated populations.
2. African elephants are in trouble. Their numbers
have fallen from as many as ten million a hundred
years ago to as few as 400,000 today. Recent losses
are largely from poaching for the illegal ivory
trade (some 30,000 elephants a year), but also
because of the shrinking habitat for elephants,
as people open up land for farming
and development.
Killing more elephants to help save the species is
one counterintuitive strategy for preserving them.
Here’s the thinking: Invite hunters from rich
countries to pay generous fees to shoot specified
numbers of elephants, and use that money for
conservation and to help give local communities a
boost. Do that, the theory goes, and poor villagers
won’t need to poach elephants
to feed their families.
The International Union for Conservation
of Nature, an internationally recognized
organization that sets the conservation statuses
for species, supports this idea. “Well-managed
trophy hunting can provide both revenue and
incentives for people to conserve and restore
wild populations, maintain areas of land for
conservation, and protect wildlife from poaching,”
its guiding principles say.
But a closer look at trophy hunting in Africa shows
that the industry employs few people and that the
money from hunt fees that trickles down to needy
villagers is minimal. Government corruption can
be a factor. In Zimbabwe, for instance, individuals
associated with President Robert Mugabe have
seized lands in lucrative hunting areas. Trophy
hunting isn’t stopping poaching, especially in
countries that have a poor record of
protecting their wildlife.
Six countries—South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia,
Mozambique, Namibia, and Tanzania—have
many of the remaining savanna elephants. Along
with Cameroon and Gabon, these nations allow
sport hunting regardless of the level of decline
in their elephant populations. (Botswana, which
has more than 130,000 elephants by one recent
estimate, has banned trophy hunting.)
According to the latest figures, Tanzania’s
elephant population has fallen from nearly
110,000 in 2009 to just over 43,000 at the end
of 2014—a 60 percent drop. Mozambique’s
elephants declined from an estimated 20,000 to
10,300 during the same period. In Zimbabwe, a
recent survey shows massive losses in some parks.
In Tanzania and Mozambique, elephants are
now considered at risk of extinction, which
means that none of their products can be traded
commercially. But trophies aren’t considered
commercial products.
Trophy hunting in Zimbabwe made the news in
October when an unidentified German hunter
shot what may have been one of the continent’s
largest bull elephants. From 2003 to 2013, trophy
hunters exported more than 28 tons of
tusks from Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe and Namibia’s sport hunting programs
provide contrasting examples of the benefits of
this form of conservation.
Fees from trophy hunting of
elephants that are supposed
to help local communities—
and elephants—often don’t.
0 200 400 600 800 1000
South Africa
Mozambique
Tanzania
Zambia
Namibia
Zimbabwe
Here’s how many tusks that the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Fauna and Flora (CITES) allows hunters to export from the big six countries in 2015:
3. Supporters of trophy hunting often cite
Zimbabwe’s CAMPFIRE (Communal Areas
Management Programme for Indigenous
Resources), in which rural district councils allow
locals to sell safari operators access to their
wildlife. In turn, safari operators sell sport hunting
opportunities, mostly to foreigners.
“Since its inception, CAMPFIRE has been very
successful,” the foundation’s website states. It says
that households participating in CAMPFIRE
increased their incomes by an estimated
15 to 25 percent.
But the benefits from the program are not
equally shared within the communities, according
to a 1997 study analyzing CAMPFIRE, and
corruption has eaten away at revenue.
Rural councils in Zimbabwe are notoriously
underfunded and almost always have nothing
in their coffers to support the communities in
their districts. For example, revenue from sport
hunting in the Chiredzi Rural District (where the
hunter shot that big bull elephant) was negligible,
according to a 2014 end-of-year report.
In the report, the council’s chairman suggested it
would be better to switch from hunting to more
profitable non-consumer-based tourism, such as
sightseeing and photography.
While a portion of the hunting fees foreigners
pay (which can run into the tens of thousands of
dollars) is earmarked for community projects such
as CAMPFIRE, Emmanuel Fundira, Chairman
of Safari Operators Association of Zimbabwe,
told CBS News in October that rural councils
get “nothing.” In most cases, he said, corrupt
government officials take the money.
CAMPFIRE CEO Phindile Ncube told CBS
News that his rural district, Hwange, made
more than $158,000 in hunting fees during the
past year. He claimed that the money is goes to
infrastructure and food programs for
local communities.
But when CBS interviewed local villagers, they
said they haven’t received a cent from the council.
Furthermore, hunting operations in wildlife-rich
areas are being seized by Zimbabwe’s land-hungry
political elite, according to a 2014 report from
Born Free, a wildlife conservation nonprofit, and
C4ADS, a nonprofit conflict and security analysis
firm. Safari and game reserves are one of the few
remaining lucrative industries in Zimbabwe, both
for legal and illegal hunting.
Rural councils
in Zimbabwe
are notoriously
underfunded and
almost always have
nothing in their
coffers to support the
communities in their
districts.
The takeover of these lands has coincided with
overhunting and poaching, according to the
report, as the political elites who have come to
manage them are driven more by profit than
conservation. Revenue is more likely to go into
personal and foreign bank accounts than into
conservation and community programs.
Major General Engelbert Rugeje, for instance,
who’s the chief of staff of Zimbabwe’s army, is
linked in the report to land seizures in Save Valley
Conservancy, home of 80 percent of Zimbabwe’s
rhinos. Poaching in the area has already begun,
the report says. Rugeje also alleged to have been
involved in the eviction of 350 villagers at Matutu
conservancy in Chiredzi.
Trophy hunting in Zimbabwe made the news in
October when an unidentified German hunter
shot what may have been one of the continent’s
largest bull elephants. From 2003 to 2013, trophy
hunters exported more than 28 tons of tusks
from Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe and Namibia’s sport hunting programs
provide contrasting examples of the benefits of
this form of conservation.
Zimbabwe’s CAMPFIRE
5
4. Namibia’s Conservancy
In Namibia, elephant numbers have been
increasing, and the nation’s conservancy approach
is applauded as a factor in this success.
Established by the Namibian government in 1996,
the program grants communities the power to
manage wildlife on communal land and to work
with private companies to develop their own
tourism markets.
The latest government statistics indicate that
the estimated contributions from trophy hunting
exceeded $70 million. The vast majority of this
income is returned to operators and spin-off
beneficiaries such as airlines, hotels, tourism
facilities, but there is a trickle-down effect.
In 2000, the total income to communal
conservancies from all forms of wildlife use,
including trophy hunting, amounted to
$165,000. Six years later, this had increased almost
tenfold to $1,330,000. Though small compared
to the overall income from trophy hunting, it does
provide one in seven Namibians with
$75 a month.
Conservancy lands given over to trophy hunting
have the added benefit of keeping the wild, wild.
If these areas were farmed, for instance, the
incentives for conservation would undoubtedly
wane, and habitat loss would reduce wildlife
numbers. The ecological footprint of trophy
hunting—even of a safari lodge catering for
groups of wildlife watching tourists—is far lighter
than that of commercial farming.
Conservancies offer hunt operators land largely
devoid of people—a draw for hunters who want
an African wilderness experience. Camps are
small, with few overheads other than
equipment and licenses.
The Namibian model has critics, however. As
reported in Africa Geographic, some government
officials have handed out elephant hunting
permits in an effort to get political support from
the communities, especially in the Kunene region,
which is renowned for its rare desert elephants.
Plus, the country’s export quota of 90 elephants
doesn’t include permits to hunt “problem
animals,” but Namibian law allows hunters to
easily obtain permits to shoot elephants judged to
be in conflict with people.
A closer look at
trophy hunting in
Africa shows that the
industry employs
few people and that
the money from hunt
fees that trickles
down to needy
villagers is minimal.
According to a CNN report in 2014, these permits
are sometimes granted even before a “problem”
animal has been identified. A hunter can then
shoot any elephant a community declares to be a
problem, whether it’s actually a problem or not.
CNN reported that several desert elephants have
been shot either for their meat or for the cash
from hunt fees.
In a letter posted online, Namibia’s Ministry of
Environment and Tourism strongly denied these
claims. Namibia, the ministry says, has more
elephants now than in the past hundred years, and
“one of the reasons for their increase in numbers
is that they have a value.”
5. The Money Story
According to an IUCN report, the sport
hunting industry does not provide significant
benefits to the communities where it occurs.
Across Africa, there are only about 15,000
hunting-related jobs—a tiny number,
especially considering that the six main
game-hunting countries alone have a
population of nearly 150 million.
Besides that, local communities make an
average of only ten cents a hectare (25 cents
an acre) from trophy hunting. A return that
small, the report says, explains locals’ “lack
of interest in preserving hunting areas and
their continued encroachment
and poaching.”
With more than one-sixth of the land in
those six countries set aside for trophy
hunting, and the fact that land-hungry
politicians are seizing more and more
land for themselves, impoverished rural
communities often resort to poaching
and the illegal wildlife trade to
sustain themselves.
Citing the failure of trophy hunting interests
to provide much needed revenue for both
conservation and communities, and the
failure of governments to control rampant
elephant poaching, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service imposed a ban on imported
elephant trophies from Zimbabwe and
Tanzania for 2014 and 2015. The ban is
likely to be extended indefinitely.
The view that sport hunting of elephants in
Zimbabwe and Tanzania is causing more
harm than good is gaining momentum. In
Zimbabwe, says Gavin Shire, a spokesperson
at the service, “trophy hunting does not
currently support conservation efforts that
contribute towards the recovery
of the species.”
Still, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s
director, Dan Ashe, maintains that there
is a place for “responsible, scientifically
managed sport hunting.” The Service, he
says, “remains committed to combating
heinous wildlife crimes while supporting
activities that empower and encourage local
communities to be a part of the solution.”
7