GENERAL INFORMATION
Location and Geography                                 The Madrid Region is one of the most                                           Political Situation                                               areas. The collections of the Prado,        Education
The Madrid Region, located at the                      densely populated regions of Europe,                                           The Madrid Region is one of Spain’s 17                            Reina Sofía, and Thyssen art museums
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The Madrid Region has an extensive
geographic center of the Iberian                       with a ratio of 804 inhabitants per sq                                         Autonomous Regions. Its basic political                           are of particular importance, with 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    educational network ranging from the
Peninsula; covering a surface area                     km. Of the 179 municipalities located                                          system is stipulated in the Autonomous                            million visitors each year.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    primary to the postgraduate
of 8,028 sq. km is an inland region                    in the Madrid Region, the most densely                                         Statute (Organic Law 3/1983, of 25                                                                            level. The education system
which represents 1.6% of the national                  populated is the capital city of Madrid,                                       February 1983), part of the Spanish                               The Madrid Government invests in its
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    sets basic education – infant,
territory. The Region is located on a                  which, with over 3.3 million inhabitants,                                      Constitution dated December 29 th                                 urban space, and offers its citizens the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    primary and secondary – as
high central plateau and its north-                    is also the most populated city in Spain.                                      1978. Spain has been a member of the                              pleasure of enjoying several green
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    compulsory and free.                   MADRID

western part is very mountainous                                                                                                      EU since 1986.                                                    areas, historic as well as innovative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Education can be free or
(maximum elevation reaches 2,430 m.                    Climate                                                                                                                                          buildings, and extensive public spaces.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    subsidized, as various types
and minimum elevation is 430 m.                        Madrid has a continental climate with                                          Spain is a stable democracy, and has a                            The Region has more than 600
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    of educational centers are
                                                       four clearly-defined seasons. The                                              Parliamentary Monarchy. The Head of                               buildings that are of artistic heritage,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    available: public (entirely financed by                       Madrid has a
                                                                                                                                                                                                        more than 69 cultural venues including
Population                                             average annual temperature is 14.6°C,                                          State is King Juan Carlos I, and the
                                                                                                                                                                                                        theaters, opera houses, dance centers,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    public funds), state-subsidized (partially                      privileged
The Madrid Region has approximately                    it rains an average of 63 days/year and                                        Parliament is elected by universal                                                                            subsidized), and private schools                              geostrategic
                                                       the skies are completely clear 97 days/                                        suffrage every four years. The current                            and about 30 auditoriums for concerts.                                                                       location.
6.5 million inhabitants (2010). The                                                                                                                                                                                                                 (entirely financed by private funds).
                                                       year. The sun shines more often than                                           President of the Madrid Regional                                  In addition, three of its towns have been
population of the region has grown                                                                                                                                                                      declared National Heritage sites by
considerably over recent years and has                 not in Madrid, with an annual average                                          Government is Esperanza Aguirre Gil                                                                           The Madrid Regional Government is
                                                       of 2,769 hours of sun (www.inm.es).                                            de Biedma of the People’s Party                                   UNESCO: Alcala de Henares, El Escorial,
very diverse origins. Over 1 million of                                                                                                                                                                                                             increasingly incorporating bilingual
                                                                                                                                      (Partido Popular).                                                and Aranjuez.
inhabitants, equivalent to 16.3% of the                                                                                                                                                                                                             education into compulsory education
total, are foreigners. More than half of                                                                                                                                                                                                            centers in the Region, through the
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Close to Madrid, one can find the cities
the foreigners living in the Madrid                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bilingual School Plan which began in
                                                                                                                                                                                                        of Avila, Toledo, Segovia, and Cuenca,
Region come from Latin America. The                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2004. At present, 242 schools offer                       Madrid, with
                                                                                                                                                                                                        enabling to easily access a wide variety
Region is also the principal receptor of                   Population Pyramid                        MEN                  100 and more                WOMEN                                                                                         English-Spanish bilingual education,                    804 habitants
                                                                                                                           95 a 99                                                                      of National Heritage sites.                                                                             per sq. km,
workers that decide to move to Europe                      of the Madrid                                                                                                                                                                            benefiting approximately 55,000
                                                                                                                           90 a 94
from Latin America.                                        Region by age group                                                                                                                                                                      primary school pupils.                                    is one of the
                                                                                                                           85 a 89
                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Madrid Region is an important                                                                             most
                                                           and nationality                                                 80 a 84
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   densely
                                                           (2008)                                                                                                                                       international tourism center. In 2010
Life expectancy of the citizens of the                                                                                      75 a 79                                                                                                                 More than 152,000 foreign students                           populated
                                                                                                                            70 a 74                                                                     the Region attracted a record of 9.8
Madrid Region is one of the highest in                                                                                                                                                                                                              (non-university) study in the Madrid                         regions in
                                                                                                                           65 a 69                                                                      million tourists, making it the first                                                                      Europe.
the world: 85 years for women, and 79                                                                                      60 a 64                                                                                                                  Region, which represent 19.8% of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                        region in Spain in number of tourists.
for men.                                                                                                                   55 a 59                                                                                                                  total number of foreign students in all
                                                                                                                           50 a 54                                                                      The Madrid Region has excellent
Origins according to Nationality (2010):
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    of Spain. Within the non-university
                                                                                                                           45 a 49                                                                      facilities to host congresses, events,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    education, there are also close to 50
Country                              % of the                                                                              40 a 44
                                                                                                                                                                                                        and meetings. IFEMA, the City
of                    Number          foreign                                                                              35 a 39                                                                                                                  institutions that offer official foreign
Origin                             population
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Conference Center, the Madrid
                                                                                                                           30 a 34                                                                                                                  studies, mainly from other EU countries,
                                                                                                                           25 a 29                                                                      Congress Center, and the Trade Fair
Romania                218,876            20.6%                                                                                                                                                                                                     as well as various other international
                                                                                                                           20 a 24                                                                      Center in Casa de Campo are state-                                                                  Most populated
Ecuador                112,998            10.6%                                                                             15 a 19                                                                                                                 schools.
Morocco                85,524              8.1%
                                                                                                                                                                                                        of-the-art facilities, and further                                                                      towns and
                                                                                                                            10 a 14
Colombia                65,168              6.1%                                                                                                                                                        complete the excellent hospitality and                                                                cities in the
                                                                                                                             5a9                                                                                                                    In the Madrid Region, there are a total
Peru                    57,775             5.4%                                                                              0a4                                                                        services infrastructures for business                                                               Madrid Region.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    of 16 universities: seven public and nine
Bolivia                46,390              4.4%             350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000    0                  0   50.000   100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000   tourism.
China                  44,304              4.2%                                                                                                                                                                                                     private, including 2 of the 3 Spanish
                                                                                           Spain                     EU (27)                               Other Nationality
Dominican Republic       34,411            3.2%                                                                                                                                                                                                     distance education universities. In total,
                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Madrid Region has close to 47,000
Bulgaria                32,758              3.1%                                                                                                                                                                                                    there are almost 195,000 students
Paraguay                30,435             2.9%        Source: Madrid Statistics Institute.                                                                                                             establishments: 8,000 restaurants (12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    attending Madrid universities. 40% of
                                                                                                                                                                                                        of them with a Michelin star), 2,000
Source: National Statistics Institute.                                                                                                Language                                                          cafeterias and 37,000 bars that offer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    the Madrid Region’s active population
Foreign Population in the Madrid Region by Municipality and % of the Municipality’s                                                   The official language of the Madrid                                                                           has a university degree, making it
                                                                                                                                                                                                        a wide variety of the best selection
population (2010)                                                                                                                     Region is Spanish, which is the official                                                                      the second region in Europe in
                                                                                                                                                                                                        from the Region, Spain, and
                                               Foreign                  Total                   % of foreign                          language in more than 22 countries,                                                                           this aspect.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        international cuisines. The athletic
Municipality                                Population             Population                    population                           and the most spoken language in 27
                                                                                                                                                                                                        facilities of the Madrid Region are
 Madrid (capital city)                         568,214                3,273,049                            17.4%                      countries. It is also the third most
                                                                                                                                                                                                        characterized by both their large           Religion
 Alcala de Henares                              42,670                  204,120                           20.9%                       spoken language in the world today                                                                            The Spanish Constitution                              San Sebastián
                                                                                                                                                                                                        variety and quantity (over 12,000), with                                   El Escorial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          de los Reyes
 Parla                                           32,013                  120,182                          26.6%                       (close to 500 million people), and the                                                                        defines the state as
 Mostoles                                       29,027                  206,015                             14.1%
                                                                                                                                                                                                        the presence, for example, of 27 golf                                                    Alcobendas        Alcalá
                                                                                                                                      second most common language used                                                                              nondenominational,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Las Rozas                         de Henares
 Fuenlabrada                                    27,624                  198,973                            13.9%                                                                                        courses throughout the Region.                                            Majadahonda                 Torrejón
                                                                                                                                      for international communication.                                                                              and with freedom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             de Ardoz
 Getafe                                          26,516                  169,130                           15.7%                                                                                                                                                                   Pozuelo       MADRID
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Coslada
 Torrejon de Ardoz                              23,858                    118,441                          20.1%                                                                                        The city of Madrid has 18 sq. meters        of religion,                       Alcorcón           Leganés
 Leganes
 Alcorcon
                                                24,729
                                                  21,312
                                                                          118,227
                                                                        168,299
                                                                                                           13.0%
                                                                                                           12.7%
                                                                                                                                      Culture and Tourism                                               of green space per inhabitant, very         though a large                   Mostoles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fuenlabrada
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Getafe


                                                                                                                                      The Madrid Region offers a broad range                            superior to the 10 sq. meters               majority of                                           Parla
 Coslada                                        20,782                      91,218                        22.8%
                                                                                                                                      of cultural, leisure and sporting                                 recommended by the World Health             Spaniards state
 Alcobendas                                     18,687                   110,080                           17.0%
 Arganda del Rey                                14,889                     53,135                         28.0%                       activities including more than 100                                Organization. Madrid is also the second     they are Catholic.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Aranjuez
 Majadahonda                                     10,375                  69,439                            14.9%                      museums, as well as numerous art                                  city in the world with most trees along
 Las Rozas                                       10,220                  88,065                             11.6%                     galleries, and exhibition and artistic                            its streets (around 300,000).
 Source: National Statistics Institute.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1
ECONOMY AND INFRASTRUCTURES
    Macroeconomic Data                                     Madrid Regional GDP According to Activity (2010)                                                      Transport
    The Madrid Region has a significant,                                                                                                                         The Madrid Region is geographically located at the center of the Iberian Peninsula’s road and rail
    growing economy. In terms of GDP, it                                                                                                                         networks within the Iberian Peninsula.
                                                                                               Agriculture 0.1%              Construction 9.1%
    represented almost 20% of the Spanish                         Services 80.4%
    economy in 2010. Madrid’s economy is                                                                                                                         The motorway network of the Madrid Region comprises 6 national radial motorways (A1 to A6), 4
                                                                                                                                              Industry 10.4%     beltways (M30, M40, M45 and M50), and 4 toll motorways (R2 to R5). The Madrid Region is also
    particularly based on the services
    sector, which generates 80% of the                                                                                                                           connected by a high speed train (AVE) to Albacete, Barcelona, Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Lerida, Malaga,
    regional Gross Added Value. The Madrid                                                                                                                       Segovia, Sevilla, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza.
    Region had an annual average growth
    of 1.5% during the 2006-2010 period).                                                                                                                        The Madrid Region has three airports: Barajas, Torrejon, and Cuatro Vientos. The Barajas Airport is
                                                                                                                                                                 the largest airport in the Iberian Peninsula, the 4th in Europe, and the 11th largest in the world in
    Macroeconomic Indicators of                                                                                                                                  numbers of passengers (almost 50 million in 2010). The construction of Terminal 4, inaugurated in
    the Madrid Region (2010)                                                                                                                                     February 2006, has elevated the capacity of the Barajas International Airport to up to 70 million
    Indicator                                 Data                                                                                                               passengers/year. Around 30% of the flights between Europe and Latin America go through Barajas.
                                                                                                                                                                 It also concentrates 56% more transactions/operations, 70% more passengers and 259% more
    GDP at current prices (Millions of E) 209,342
    GDP variation                            0.7%                                                                                        Source: The Madrid
                                                                                                                                                                 traffic load than the second airport in Spain.
    Inflation
    Income per capita (E)
                                              1.8%
                                           32,923
                                                                                                                                         Statistics Institute.
                                                                                                                                                                 Comunications
                                                                                                                                                                 The Madrid Region is home to a large part of Spain’s industry
    Activity Rate                           65.1%
    Unemployment Rate                       16.0%                 The services sector                                                                            sector’s and telecommunications infrastructures. It has the
                                                                  represents 80.4%                                                                               largest fiber optic network in Spain, and it receives more
    Source: The Madrid Statistics Institute, National
                                                                                                                                                                 than half of all national investment in telecommunications
    Statistics Institute.                                         of the regional GDP.                                                                           infrastructure. The most important companies in the sector
                                                                                                                                                                 are based in the Madrid Region.

                                                                                                                                                                 In 2010, the Madrid Region was the first Spanish region in
                                                           26% of all ICT companies in Spain                                                                     terms of homes connected to the Internet (74%), and with
      Human Capital                                                                                                                                              broadband connection (67%). The Spanish average is
      The Madrid Region offers outstanding                 are based in Madrid, as well as 22%
                                                           of all biotechnology companies, and                                                                   respectively 67 and 57%. Also, 90% of the regional
      human capital. The active population                                                                                                                       population has access to third generation networks.
      comprises 3,411,000 workers (2nd                     more than 62% of companies in the
      quarter 2011), and the activity rate is              Aerospace sector. The Madrid Region
      65.1% (2010 average).                                is home to 33% of ICT employees in                                                                                  Main Logistics Centers in the Madrid Region (2010)
                                                           Spain, 44% of Biotechnology’s, and
                                                                                                                                                                  1   Coslada Transport Center
                                                           57% of Aerospace’s.
      Annual salaries are generally divided                                                                    Business Structure                                2    Coslada Logistic Platform and Dry                                                   Tres Cantos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              16
      into 12 monthly payments and 2                                                                                                                                  Port
                                                           The Madrid Region hosts 270,000 There are more than half a million
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    San Sebastián
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               M-607                 de los Reyes
      extra payments. Social Security                                                                                                                            3    Barajas Air Cargo Center                    A-6                                                                       A-1                                         17
      contributions are divided between                    workers in the High-Technology and businesses in the Madrid Region,                                                                                                                                   Alcobendas                                                        14
                                                                                                                                                                 4
                                                           Knowledge Intensive services (2nd which represent 15% of all Spanish
                                                                                                                                                                      Abroñigal Renfe Terminal
      the employer and the employee. The                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             R-2
                                                           region in Europe).                 companies. More than 75% of these                                  5    Mercamadrid                              Las Rozas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Barajas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Airport
      Minimum Inter-professional Salary                                                       belong to the services sector.                                                                                                                                                                                                    A-2
      (SMI) is revised every year, and for                                                                                                                       6    Madrid Transport Center
                                                           Population employed by                                                                                                                               Majadahonda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           15
      2011 it was established at 8,979E per                                                                                                                      7    Vicálvaro Renfe Terminal                                                                                          3                                          Alcalá de
      year. (www.seg-social.es).                           economic activity (2nd quarter 2011)                  Companies in the Madrid Region (2011)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Madrid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Henares
                                                                                                                 Sector                               Total      8    Villaverde Renfe Terminal                                 Pozuelo de
                                                            Sector                                  %                                                                                                                            Alarcón
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           18 Torrejón
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Boadilla                                                                 1         2          de Ardoz
      More than 36,000 students graduate                                                                         Commerce                           98,494       9    Neissa Sur                               de Monte
                                                           Services                            83.0%                                                                                                                                                                                Coslada           San Fernando
      from Madrid universities every year,                 Industry                             9.7%             Construction                       67,929       10   CLA Logistic Supply Center                                                M-30                                                   de Henares

                                                           Construction                         6.9%             Industry                           25,097
      of which 34% are from technical and                                                                                                                        11   Carpetania Logistic Center                                                                                    7
                                                           Agriculture                          0.4%             Rest of Services                   310,149                                                                                                     4
      experimental sciences schools.                                                                             Total                             501,669                                                                A-5       M-40
                                                            Total                             100.0%                                                             12 Logistic Center Madrid Sur                                                                           6
                                                           Source: National Statistics Institute.              Source: National Statistics Institute, Central                                                                                                       5
                                                                                                               Business Directory (DIRCE), 2011.                 13 Automotive City                        Móstoles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Alcorcón
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       M-45         8                                                                     R-3

       Number of students enrolled in universities, according to area of study (2009-2010)                                                                       14   Logistic Center Madrid Este                               Leganés
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Getafe
                                                  Social Sciences            Technical                                    Health          Experimental           15 Prologis Alcalá                                                  13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fuenlabrada                 11                                                       A-3
                                 TOTAL*              and Law                  Schools               Humanities           Sciences           Sciences                                                                                           12 10                                                                     Arganda
                                                                                                                                                                 16 San Agustín de Guadalix                     R-5                M-50                                                                                  del Rey

        Madrid Region             194,194                91,970              56,008                   11,295              22,358                12,563           17 Meco Logistic Center
        Spain                  1,200,763                615,060              306,521                 98,959               107,818              72,405
                                                                                                                                                                 18 Puerta de Madrid Industrial Park                                              Pinto         A-4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Parla
        Madrid/Spain (%)            16.2%                 15.0%                18.3%                   11.4%               20.7%                 17.4%
                                                                                                                                                                 19 “La Sendilla” Logistic Center                           A-42                 R-4
        Madrid by Area              100%                 47.4%                28.8%                    5.8%                 11.5%                 6.5%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           20 19
       * Distance learning universities are not taken into account                                                                                               20 Las Canteras industrial Park
       Source: University Coordination Board. Ministry for Science and Innovation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Source: PromoMadrid Desarrollo Internacional de Madrid.


2
Foreign Trade in the Madrid Region

                                           The Madrid Region is the second Spanish region in terms of export volume                   Madrid’s Trade Balance by Product Type
                                           (11.3% of the national total), and the second in imports (21.1% of the national            (millions of E, 2010)
                                           total). The coverage rate is 41.5%.                                                          Groups                           Exports         Imports       Trade Balance Coverage Rate
                                                                                                                                       Food                                898            3,612             -2,714         25%
                                           The main destinations and origins of goods are EU countries. The three most                 Energy Products                    1,818           2,380              -562          76%
                                           active sectors in foreign trade (semi-manufacturing, capital goods, and                     Raw Materials                       239             437               -198          55%
                                           automotive sectors) represent almost 75% of total imports and exports.                      Semi-Manufactured goods            7,202          13,427            -6,225          54%
                                                                                                                                       Capital Goods                      6,345          16,633           -10,288          38%
                                                                                                                                       Automotive goods                   1,737            5,101           -3,364          34%
                                           Trade Balance and Coverage Rate in the Madrid Region and                                    Durable Consumer Goods              254            1,854            -1,600           14%
                                           Spain (millions of E, 2010)                                                                 Manufactured Goods                 1,669           6,756            -5,087          25%
                                                                                                                                       Others                              787              251               536          314%
                                                                  Exports            Imports     Trade Balance       Coverage Rate     Total                             20,948          50,451          -29,502           42%
                                                                                                                                      Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
                                            Spain                  185,799          238,082         -52,283              78.0%
                                            Madrid Region           20,948           50,451         -29,502               41.5%
                                           Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
Healthcare System                                                                                                                                Madrid’s Exports by geographical area (2010)
The Madrid Region has an excellent
healthcare system, with 86 private and     Madrid’s Trade Balance by Geographical Area                                                                                                                 Latin America
                                                                                                                                                                           Africa 5.7%       Rest of           5.4%
public hospitals. Boasting over 37,700     (millions of E, 2010)                                                                                                                            America                Other
doctors, Madrid is the region of Spain                                                                                                                                                         0.1%            countries
                                                                              Exports             Imports           Trade Balance                 North America 6.6%                                               7.4%
w i t h t h e g re a test n u m b e r of
professionals in this sector.                                                                                                                                                                                         Oceania
                                           Total                       20,948 100.0%           50,451    100.0%         -29,502                Asia 8.5%                                                                 1.7%
                                           UE-27                        12,424   59.3%         32,493     64.4%          -20,069
                                           Rest of Europe                  1,126  5.4%          2,280       4.5%            -1,154        Rest of
                                           Asia                          1,786    8.5%          8,887      17.6%            -7,101        Europe
                                           North America                 1,386    6.6%          3,798       7.5%           -2,413         5.4%
     Life expectancy in the                Latin America                   1,125  5.4%          1,408       2.8%             -282
                                           Rest of America                    14  0.1%              15     0.0%                  -1
    Madrid Region, slightly                Africa                          1,187  5.7%            887       1.8%              300
  above 79 years for men and               Oceania                          347    1.7%            135      0.3%               212
                                           Other countries                1,553   7.4%            547        1.1%          1,006
  85 years for women, is one               Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
  of the highest in the world.                                                                                                                                                                                            UE - 27
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          59.3%
                                                                                                                                                                       Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.




                                                                                                                                               Madrid’s Imports by geographical area (2010)
                                                                                                                                                                Latin America 2.8%         Other Countries
                                                                                                                                                                                           1.1% Oceania
                                                                                                                                                          North America 7.5%
                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.3% Rest of
                                                                                                                                                           Africa 1.8%                                   Europe 4.5%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          UE - 27
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          64.4%

                                                                                                                                          Asia 17.6%




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Madrid is the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     second region in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     volume of exports
                                                                                                                                                                      Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         in Spain.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         3
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Inward Investment in the Madrid Region                                                                Outward Investment in the Madrid Region
                                                                                                                                                                                                             The most common corporate entities in
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Spain are the Sociedad Anonima (S.A), and
                                                                                                                                                                                                             the Sociedad de Responsibilidad Limitada
The Madrid Region receives the highest percentage of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in               Among all Spanish regions, the Madrid Region is the principal investor in overseas markets.
                                                                                                                                                                                                             (S.L.), which are roughly equivalent to
Spain. Between 2006 and 2010, an inward capital flow of 62,705 million euros was registered,          During the 2006-2010 period, an outward flow of 120,504 million euros was registered,                  respectively a Public Limited Company
which is equivalent to 68.3% of the national total of inward FDI (excluding Spanish holding           equivalent to 49.8% of the national total of outward FDI. The Madrid Region mainly invests             (PLC), and a Private Limited Company (Ltd).
companies). European countries, United Arab Emirates, and the United States are the countries         in Europe, Brazil, and the U.S. Between 2006 and 2010, 13.6% of outward investment from                There is also the Sociedad Limitada Nueva
that invest the most in the Madrid Region.                                                            the Madrid Region was invested in Latin America, which represented 60.6% of total Spanish              Empresa (S.L.N.E.) which could translate
                                                                                                      investment in this area. Total Spanish direct investment in this area reached 27,087 million           into New Business Limited Company, that
Furthermore, with the increasing globalization of Latin American companies, the Madrid                euros during this period, placing Spain as the second main investor country in Latin America.          simplifies and reduces the administrative
Region has become the natural place for them to make the move into Europe, due to, among                                                                                                                     formalities and time required to incorporate
other reasons, the shared language, as well as the accumulated experience of our professionals                                                                                                               a new company, to less than 48 hours.
in business development in Latin America. During the 2006-2010 period, the Madrid Region
received more than 1,312 million euros in FDI from Latin America, particularly from Mexico.                                                                                                                  Since 2005, a Sociedad Anónima Europea
                                                                                                      Madrid’s Outward FDI by Destination Country (2006-2010)                                                (European Limited Company), can also be
                                                                                                                                                                                                             set up for holdings of companies located in
Madrid’s Inward FDI by Country of Origin (2006-2010)                                                   Country                                      Millions of e                     % of Madrid FDI        different EU member states.

 Country                                      Millions of e                     % of Inward FDI        United Kingdom                                  47,990                               39.8%            Spain has signed a total of 71 APPRIs (Bi-
                                                                                                       Netherlands                                     13,069                                10.8%           lateral agreements for the Protection and
                                                                                                       Hungary                                           8,332                                6.9%           Promotion of Reciprocal Investment), 17 of
 Italy                                              18,490                            29.5%
                                                                                                       Brazil                                            6,261                                5.2%           which are with Latin American countries.
 United Kingdom                                      15,831                           25.2%
                                                                                                       Mexico                                            6,241                                5.2%
 Germany                                             8,046                            12.8%
                                                                                                       France                                           5,674                                 4.7%
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Through these agreements, Madrid benefits
 United Arab Emirates                                 3,314                            5.3%                                                                                                                  from a stable and secure legal framework
                                                                                                       Italy                                             5,417                                4.5%
 France                                              2,795                             4.5%                                                                                                                  in which to carry-out investments.
                                                                                                       United States                                    5,254                                 4.4%
 United States                                       2,669                             4.3%
                                                                                                       Germany                                           2,971                                2.5%
 Netherlands                                          2,521                            4.0%
                                                                                                       Portugal                                         2,655                                 2.2%           The taxation system is made up of different
 Luxemburg                                            1,304                             2.1%
 Sweden                                                 962                             1.5%
                                                                                                       Others                                           16,184                               13.8%           types of taxes, the main ones being
                                                                                                       Total                                         120,504                               100,0%            Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas
 Mexico                                                 862                             1.4%
 Others                                               5,910                            9.4%           Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.                                                       Físicas, I.R.P.F. (Income Tax), Impuesto sobre
 Total                                             62,705                           100.0%                                                                                                                   Sociedades, I.S. (Corporate Tax), and
Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.                                                                                                                                                             Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido, I.V.A.
                                                                                                      Madrid’s Outward FDI by Sector (2006-2010)                                                             (Value Added Tax) (www.meh.es).
The FDI in the Madrid Region is mainly concentrated in the energy sector.
                                                                                                       Sector                                                       Millions of e   Sectorial Distribution   The Madrid Region has one of the most
Madrid’s Inward FDI by Sector (2006-2010)                                                                                                                                               of Madrid FDI        favorable tax systems in Spain. One of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                             main regional benefits is the one point tax
                                                                                                       Telecommunications                                               44,781               37.2%           cut on the Income Tax rate, the near entire
 Sector                                                         Millions of e       % of Inward FDI    Financial Services                                                23,119              19.2%           elimination of the Inheritance and Donation
                                                                                                       Insurance                                                           7,115              5.9%
 Electricity and Gas Energy Production & Distribution             25,893                  41.3%                                                                                                              Tax, the reduction of the Capital Transfer
                                                                                                       Building construction                                             6,929                5.8%
 Wholesale and Commerce Intermediaries, except motor vehicles      14,177                22.6%         Warehouses and transport related activities                       5,094                4.2%           Tax when acquiring a property for large
 Oil Industries                                                    3,367                  5.4%         Metal, iron and steel                                             3,436                2.9%           families, and the increase of the minimum
 Banking and other Financial Services                              2,654                  4.2%         Non-metallic minerals                                             2,809                2.3%           value to be exempt from Wealth Tax.
 Real Estate                                                        2,126                 3.4%         Real Estate                                                        2,613               2.2%
 Telecommunications                                                 1,239                 2.0%         Radio and Television                                              2,426                2.0%           Expatriates assigned to work in Spain have
 Others                                                           13,250                  21.1%        Waste collection, treatment and disposal                           2,415               2.0%           the possibility of benefiting from lower
 Total                                                           62,705                 100.0%         Others                                                           19,763               16.4%           income tax rates if they opt to settle their
Source: Ministry of Industry,                                                                          Total                                                          120,504              100.0%            taxes through the Income Tax for Non-
Tourism and Trade.
                                                                                                      Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.                                                       Residents. Under this regime, a general rate
                                                                                                                                                                                                             of 24% is applied to salary income earned
                                                                                                                                                                                                             in Spain during a maximum period of six
                                                                                                                                                                                                             years, and up to a maximum amount of
                                                                                                                                                                                                             600,000 E/per year.

                                                                                                                                                                                                             The Foreign Asset-Holding Entities
                                                              A national economic engine and leader:                                                                                                         (Entidades de Tenencia de Valores
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Extranjeros, ETVE) are corporations that
                                                              the Madrid Region, covering just 1.6% of the Spanish                                                                                           enable to avoid double taxation by means
                                                                                                                                                                                                             of the non-integration in the tax-base of the

                                                              territory, represents more than 19% of the                                                                                                     dividends and surplus value obtained abroad
                                                                                                                                                                                                             (exemption method).

                                                              national economy, and the income level is 22%                                                                                                  Spain has also signed agreements with a
                                                                                                                                                                                                             total of 93 countries in order to allow

                                                              greater than the EU-27 average.                                                                                                                companies to avoid double taxation. 82 of
                                                                                                                                                                                                             them are currently in effect, and the rest
                                                                                                                                                                                                             are under negotiation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4
Research and Development                                                                                                                                                        Professionals Dedicated to RDI (2009)
    The Madrid Region is the national leader        Science and Technology Parks in the Madrid Region
                                                                                                                                                                                     Total Personnel (equivalent to full time)                                      53,171
    in Research, Development, and Innovation        PromoMadrid, Desarrollo Internacional de Madrid (c)                                                                              Business Sector                                                               23,586
    (RDI). The Region is the headquarters for                                                                                                                                        Public Administration                                                         15,365
    17 of the 19 Public Research Bodies which                                                                                                                                        Education                                                                     14,220
    manage some of the programs in the                                                                                                                                              Source: National Statistics Institute.
    National Research, Development and                                                         Ciudad del                                                                                                                          Accessibility and Logistics
    Innovation Plan, and execute a large part            Parque Tecnológico                   Conocimiento                                                                          In 2009, the Madrid Region was home            Infrastructures
    of RDI activities financed by public funds.              de Madrid                   Ae   BS     ICT    En      O                Parque Científico                              to 24.6% of the national total of              The geographical location of the Madrid
    The Madrid Region is also home to 8                   Ae    BS     ICT    In                                                        de Madrid                                   personnel dedicated to RDI activities,         Region -in the center of the Iberian
    Spanish Royal Academies.                                                                  Colmenar Viejo                                                                        and over 25% of the Researchers
                                                               Tres Cantos                                                      BS    ICT                                                                                          Peninsula- and the radial transport system




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  COMUNIDAD DE MADRID
                                                                                                                                                 En        Ev        Nt
                                                                                                                                                                                    working in Spain.                              guarantee efficient transportation and
    Innovation indicators (2009-2010):                                                                                           Madrid-Cantoblanco
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   communication with the rest of the
    • The Madrid Region is the national leader          Tecnotrescantos                                                                                                                                                            country, ensuring a delivery in less than
    in terms of expenditure in RDI, which                  Bioparque                                                                                                                                       Human Resources in      12 hours to the rest of the Peninsula. This
    represents 2% of the GDP.                                   BS                                                                                                                   Region               Science & Technology
                                                                                                                                                            Tecnoalcalá                                                            has encouraged a vast majority of
    • 27% of national expenditure on RDI                  Tres Cantos                                                                                                                                     (thousands of people)
                                                                                                                                                           Ch        ICT       BS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   companies to set up their Distribution
    originates from Madrid.                                                                                                                                                          Île de France                       3,705     Center for the Iberian Peninsula in Madrid.
    • 28% of Spanish private expenditure on                                                                                                           Alcalá de Henares              Madrid Region                       1,891
    RDI hails from Madrid.                                Montegancedo                                                                                                               Lombardia                             1,821
                                                                                                                                                                                     Catalonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The largest logistics space in Spain (24.5
    • The Madrid Region is home to 24.6% of                Ae     BS    ICT                                                                                                                                               1,523
                                                                                                                                                                                     Andalucia                           1,480     million sq. meters) is located in the Madrid
    RDI professionals in Spain.                          Boadilla del Monte                                                                                                          Oberbayern                                    Region, and has inter-modal facilities,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1,378
    • 33% of Spanish IT professionals are                                                                                                                                            Istanbul                            1,364     infrastructures, and services. In total, the
    located in Madrid.                                                                                    Madrid                                                                     Rhône-Alpes                           1,361   Madrid Region has more than 20
    • 22% of all Spanish patent concessions                     Tecnomóstoles                                                               Campus Sur Vallecas                      Mazowieckie                         1,324     specialized logistics platforms.
    were registered in the Madrid Region.                        ICT    En      O                                                                     Au        In         O        Source: Eurostat.
    • During the 2005-2009 period, 28% of                            Móstoles                                                                    Madrid - Vallecas                                                                 Among the Region’s infrastructures, the
    Spanish-published works in international                                                                                                                                                                                       Dry Port of Coslada is of particular
    journals hail from the Madrid Region.                                                                                                                                                                                          importance. It is the first inland maritime
    • The Region has 11 Science and Technology                                                                                                                                                                                     customs site in the EU in terms of volume
    parks (either working or under construction),                                                                                                                                                                                  (65,000 TEUs/year), and is located near
    which have the capacity to welcome over                                                                                           Parque Tecnológico                                                                           the Barajas International Airport. It has a
    1,900 companies.                                             Tecnoleganés                      Tecnogetafe
                                                                                                                                       Ciudad de Madrid                                                                            surface area of 140,000 sq. meters, and
                                                                 ICT    In     Nt             Ae    ICT     En     In                                                                                                              connects the Madrid Region by train with
                                                                                                                                     Ae     En        Au        Nt        O
    The Madrid Regional Government actively                          Leganés                         Getafe                                                                                                                        the five major ports on the coasts of the
                                                                                                                                      Madrid - Villaverde
    supports Public Private Partnership (PPP)                                                                                                                                                                                      Peninsula: Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao,
    in the sciences. The “madri+d” network                                                                                                                                                                                         Valencia, and Lisbon.
    (www.madrimasd.org) brings together
    public and private research institutions                                                                                                                                                                                       The Madrid Regional Government has
    with regional business associations, so as             Science and technology park                                                                                                                                             implemented the Logistics Infrastructure
                                                                                                                   Ch Chemicals
    to improve the competitiveness of the                                                                                                                                                                                          Development Plan which seeks to double
    Region through knowledge and innovation                Park under construction                                                                                                                                                 the logistics capacity of the region to 50
                                                                                                                   In   Industry and engineering
    transfer, as well as commercialization.                                                                                                                                                                                        million sq. meters. The Plan will entail the
                                                           Madrid Network                                                                                                                                                          creation of nine new logistics centers, an
                                                                                                                   Au Automobile
    Furthermore, the Madrid Institute for                                                                                                                                                                                          intermodal platform, a cargo airport, the
    Advanced Studies (“Instituto Madrileño de              Parks associated to a university                        Nt Nanotechnology and materials                                                                                 connection among logistics centers in the
    Estudios Avanzados”) (www.imdea.org), is                                                                                                                                                                                       Region, and the development of a railway
                                                       Ae Aeroespatial                                             En Energy
    the institutional body responsible for PPPs                                                                                                                                                                                    bypass system for goods. All of the latter
    in science and research. This institute is                                                                                                                                                                                     will significantly improve delivery times.
                                                       BS Biotechnology and life                                   O    Other
    organized into the following areas of                 sciences
    knowledge: water, food sciences,
    biomedicine, social sciences, energy,              ICT Information and Communication
                                                           Technologies
    mathematics, materials sciences,
    regenerative medicine, nanoscience,                 Ev Environment
    networks, and software.

    The Madrid Region has a network of
    clusters that promote the 12 sectors that                                                                The Madrid Region is the national leader
    are economically strategic for the Region:
    Aerospace, Biotechnology, Health, Graphic
    Design, Financial Services, Security,
                                                                                                             in terms of expenditure on RDI,
    Audiovisual, Renewable Energies, Tourism,
    Automotive, Logistics, and a Platform
                                                                                                             representing 2% of GDP
    for    the     Spanish       language
    (www.madridnetwork.com).
5
Official Websites of the
                                                                   USEFUL INFORMATION                                                             Madrid Region
Currency and Exchange                            Bus: The Madrid Region also has a
                                                 total of 4,000 public buses.                                                                     • Madrid Regional Government
Rates                                                                                                                                             www.madrid.org
Spain’s currency is the euro. In 2010,
                                                 Taxis: There are more than 15,000
                                                                                              With the capacity to handle                         • Madrid Region Statistics Institute
rates of exchange against the euro                                                            up to 70 million passengers                         www.madrid.org/iestadis
                                                 taxis operating in the Madrid Region.
(yearly average) were 1.33 USD; 116                                                                                                               • Madrid Trade Fair Center IFEMA
Yen, and 0.86 £ Sterling.
                                                 They can be hailed anywhere in the          a year, Barajas is the second                        www.ifema.es
                                                 city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
                                                 There are also taxi stations in specific
                                                                                               most important airport in                          • Network of Madrid Technology Parks
Time and Working Hours                           points.                                     Europe in terms of capacity.                         & Clusters
Time zone: GMT+1                                                                                                                                  www.madridnetwork.org
                                                                                            Today, it is already the main link                    • Madrid Chamber of Commerce &
Summer time: From the last Sunday
of March at 2AM to the last Sunday                                                                between Europe and                              Industry
                                                 Holiday Periods and                                 Latin America.                               www.camaramadrid.es
in October at 3AM: GMT+2.
Banks: Mon to Fri from 8:30AM to                 Public Holidays                                                                                  • Madrid Business Confederation CEIM
2:30PM.                                          Spanish employment legislation                                                                   www.ceim.es
Some banks have longer hours on                  provides for a mandatory holiday                                                                 • Avalmadrid
Thursdays and open on Saturdays.                 period of 30 calendar days a year (or                                                            www.avalmadrid.es
Retail Businesses: Minimum: Mon to               22 business days), which are usually                                                             • Madrid Region Enterprise Portal
Sat from 10AM to 2PM, and 5PM to                 taken during the summer months                                                                   www.emprendelo.org
8:30PM (approximately). The Madrid               (July and August). Sundays are non-                                                              • Madrid Region Higher Education
Region’s flexible framework for retail           working days, and there are also 14                                                              Portal
opening hours allows retailers to open           public holidays a year, the dates of                                                             www.emes.es
24 hours a day on business days, and             which vary according to the city and                                                             • Madrid Region Inmigration Portal
up to 22 public holidays a year, should          region (www.mtas.es).                                                                            www.madrid.org/inmigramadrid
they wish to do so.                                                                                                                               • Madrid Migratory Agency
Central, Local, and Regional                                                                                                                      www.madrilenosenelexterior.org
Government: Mon to Fri from 8AM to                                                                                                                • Madrid Region Video Channel
3PM.                                                                                                                                              www.canalcamtv.com

Transport
Air: The Barajas International Airport
is an important link between Latin                                                                                                                Other Useful Websites
America, Europe, and North Africa. Its
location, just 12 kilometers from the
center of the capital city, and                                                                                                                   • Ministry of Economy & Finance
the connections by underground and                                                                                                                www.meh.es
bus, provide travellers with fast,
economical and easy access.                                                                                                                       • Ministry of Industry, Tourism &
                                                                                                                                                  Commerce
Rail: The Madrid Region is at the                                                                                                                 www.mityc.es
center of the Spanish radial railway                                                                                                              • Ministry of Foreign Affairs &
network. The Region is connected to                                                                                                               Cooperation
the main cities across the Peninsula                    Further Information:
                                                                                                                                                  www.maec.es
and Europe, in many cases by high-
speed train (Albacete, Barcelona,                                                                                                                 • Invest in Spain
Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Lerida, Malaga,                                                                                                             www.investinspain.org
Segovia, Sevilla, Tarragona, Valencia,
Valladolid, and Zaragoza).                                                                                                                        • Spanish Institute of Foreign Trade

                                                                             about you




                                                                                                                                                                                         MAYONCNOV©Madrid, PromoMadrid.
                                                                                                                                                  (ICEX)
Underground: The underground                                                                                                                      www.icex.es
network, currently used by 685 million
passengers, is the fourth largest                       Calle Suero de Quiñones, 34                                                               • National Statistics Institute
                                                        E - 28002 Madrid (Spain)                                                                  www.ine.es
network in the world in extension (293
km), the 1st in the world in number of                  Tel.: +34 91 745 01 27                                                                    • Business Single Point of Contact
underground kilometers (260km), and                     Web: www.promomadrid.com                                                                  www.ventanillaempresarial.org
the 3rd in the world in number of                       E-mail: informacion@promomadrid.com
m e t r o s t o p s ( 30 0 s t a t i o n s ) .          twitter.com/promomadrid                                                                   • Official Credit Institute
Comparable underground networks                         www.linkedin.com/company/promomadrid                                                      www.ico.es
are New York, London, and Moscow.
                                                                                                                                 www.madrid.org



                                                                                                                                                                                                                   6

Madrid Facts and Figures

  • 1.
    GENERAL INFORMATION Location andGeography The Madrid Region is one of the most Political Situation areas. The collections of the Prado, Education The Madrid Region, located at the densely populated regions of Europe, The Madrid Region is one of Spain’s 17 Reina Sofía, and Thyssen art museums The Madrid Region has an extensive geographic center of the Iberian with a ratio of 804 inhabitants per sq Autonomous Regions. Its basic political are of particular importance, with 5 educational network ranging from the Peninsula; covering a surface area km. Of the 179 municipalities located system is stipulated in the Autonomous million visitors each year. primary to the postgraduate of 8,028 sq. km is an inland region in the Madrid Region, the most densely Statute (Organic Law 3/1983, of 25 level. The education system which represents 1.6% of the national populated is the capital city of Madrid, February 1983), part of the Spanish The Madrid Government invests in its sets basic education – infant, territory. The Region is located on a which, with over 3.3 million inhabitants, Constitution dated December 29 th urban space, and offers its citizens the primary and secondary – as high central plateau and its north- is also the most populated city in Spain. 1978. Spain has been a member of the pleasure of enjoying several green compulsory and free. MADRID western part is very mountainous EU since 1986. areas, historic as well as innovative Education can be free or (maximum elevation reaches 2,430 m. Climate buildings, and extensive public spaces. subsidized, as various types and minimum elevation is 430 m. Madrid has a continental climate with Spain is a stable democracy, and has a The Region has more than 600 of educational centers are four clearly-defined seasons. The Parliamentary Monarchy. The Head of buildings that are of artistic heritage, available: public (entirely financed by Madrid has a more than 69 cultural venues including Population average annual temperature is 14.6°C, State is King Juan Carlos I, and the theaters, opera houses, dance centers, public funds), state-subsidized (partially privileged The Madrid Region has approximately it rains an average of 63 days/year and Parliament is elected by universal subsidized), and private schools geostrategic the skies are completely clear 97 days/ suffrage every four years. The current and about 30 auditoriums for concerts. location. 6.5 million inhabitants (2010). The (entirely financed by private funds). year. The sun shines more often than President of the Madrid Regional In addition, three of its towns have been population of the region has grown declared National Heritage sites by considerably over recent years and has not in Madrid, with an annual average Government is Esperanza Aguirre Gil The Madrid Regional Government is of 2,769 hours of sun (www.inm.es). de Biedma of the People’s Party UNESCO: Alcala de Henares, El Escorial, very diverse origins. Over 1 million of increasingly incorporating bilingual (Partido Popular). and Aranjuez. inhabitants, equivalent to 16.3% of the education into compulsory education total, are foreigners. More than half of centers in the Region, through the Close to Madrid, one can find the cities the foreigners living in the Madrid Bilingual School Plan which began in of Avila, Toledo, Segovia, and Cuenca, Region come from Latin America. The 2004. At present, 242 schools offer Madrid, with enabling to easily access a wide variety Region is also the principal receptor of Population Pyramid MEN 100 and more WOMEN English-Spanish bilingual education, 804 habitants 95 a 99 of National Heritage sites. per sq. km, workers that decide to move to Europe of the Madrid benefiting approximately 55,000 90 a 94 from Latin America. Region by age group primary school pupils. is one of the 85 a 89 The Madrid Region is an important most and nationality 80 a 84 densely (2008) international tourism center. In 2010 Life expectancy of the citizens of the 75 a 79 More than 152,000 foreign students populated 70 a 74 the Region attracted a record of 9.8 Madrid Region is one of the highest in (non-university) study in the Madrid regions in 65 a 69 million tourists, making it the first Europe. the world: 85 years for women, and 79 60 a 64 Region, which represent 19.8% of the region in Spain in number of tourists. for men. 55 a 59 total number of foreign students in all 50 a 54 The Madrid Region has excellent Origins according to Nationality (2010): of Spain. Within the non-university 45 a 49 facilities to host congresses, events, education, there are also close to 50 Country % of the 40 a 44 and meetings. IFEMA, the City of Number foreign 35 a 39 institutions that offer official foreign Origin population Conference Center, the Madrid 30 a 34 studies, mainly from other EU countries, 25 a 29 Congress Center, and the Trade Fair Romania 218,876 20.6% as well as various other international 20 a 24 Center in Casa de Campo are state- Most populated Ecuador 112,998 10.6% 15 a 19 schools. Morocco 85,524 8.1% of-the-art facilities, and further towns and 10 a 14 Colombia 65,168 6.1% complete the excellent hospitality and cities in the 5a9 In the Madrid Region, there are a total Peru 57,775 5.4% 0a4 services infrastructures for business Madrid Region. of 16 universities: seven public and nine Bolivia 46,390 4.4% 350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0 0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 tourism. China 44,304 4.2% private, including 2 of the 3 Spanish Spain EU (27) Other Nationality Dominican Republic 34,411 3.2% distance education universities. In total, The Madrid Region has close to 47,000 Bulgaria 32,758 3.1% there are almost 195,000 students Paraguay 30,435 2.9% Source: Madrid Statistics Institute. establishments: 8,000 restaurants (12 attending Madrid universities. 40% of of them with a Michelin star), 2,000 Source: National Statistics Institute. Language cafeterias and 37,000 bars that offer the Madrid Region’s active population Foreign Population in the Madrid Region by Municipality and % of the Municipality’s The official language of the Madrid has a university degree, making it a wide variety of the best selection population (2010) Region is Spanish, which is the official the second region in Europe in from the Region, Spain, and Foreign Total % of foreign language in more than 22 countries, this aspect. international cuisines. The athletic Municipality Population Population population and the most spoken language in 27 facilities of the Madrid Region are Madrid (capital city) 568,214 3,273,049 17.4% countries. It is also the third most characterized by both their large Religion Alcala de Henares 42,670 204,120 20.9% spoken language in the world today The Spanish Constitution San Sebastián variety and quantity (over 12,000), with El Escorial de los Reyes Parla 32,013 120,182 26.6% (close to 500 million people), and the defines the state as Mostoles 29,027 206,015 14.1% the presence, for example, of 27 golf Alcobendas Alcalá second most common language used nondenominational, Las Rozas de Henares Fuenlabrada 27,624 198,973 13.9% courses throughout the Region. Majadahonda Torrejón for international communication. and with freedom de Ardoz Getafe 26,516 169,130 15.7% Pozuelo MADRID Coslada Torrejon de Ardoz 23,858 118,441 20.1% The city of Madrid has 18 sq. meters of religion, Alcorcón Leganés Leganes Alcorcon 24,729 21,312 118,227 168,299 13.0% 12.7% Culture and Tourism of green space per inhabitant, very though a large Mostoles Fuenlabrada Getafe The Madrid Region offers a broad range superior to the 10 sq. meters majority of Parla Coslada 20,782 91,218 22.8% of cultural, leisure and sporting recommended by the World Health Spaniards state Alcobendas 18,687 110,080 17.0% Arganda del Rey 14,889 53,135 28.0% activities including more than 100 Organization. Madrid is also the second they are Catholic. Aranjuez Majadahonda 10,375 69,439 14.9% museums, as well as numerous art city in the world with most trees along Las Rozas 10,220 88,065 11.6% galleries, and exhibition and artistic its streets (around 300,000). Source: National Statistics Institute. 1
  • 2.
    ECONOMY AND INFRASTRUCTURES Macroeconomic Data Madrid Regional GDP According to Activity (2010) Transport The Madrid Region has a significant, The Madrid Region is geographically located at the center of the Iberian Peninsula’s road and rail growing economy. In terms of GDP, it networks within the Iberian Peninsula. Agriculture 0.1% Construction 9.1% represented almost 20% of the Spanish Services 80.4% economy in 2010. Madrid’s economy is The motorway network of the Madrid Region comprises 6 national radial motorways (A1 to A6), 4 Industry 10.4% beltways (M30, M40, M45 and M50), and 4 toll motorways (R2 to R5). The Madrid Region is also particularly based on the services sector, which generates 80% of the connected by a high speed train (AVE) to Albacete, Barcelona, Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Lerida, Malaga, regional Gross Added Value. The Madrid Segovia, Sevilla, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Region had an annual average growth of 1.5% during the 2006-2010 period). The Madrid Region has three airports: Barajas, Torrejon, and Cuatro Vientos. The Barajas Airport is the largest airport in the Iberian Peninsula, the 4th in Europe, and the 11th largest in the world in Macroeconomic Indicators of numbers of passengers (almost 50 million in 2010). The construction of Terminal 4, inaugurated in the Madrid Region (2010) February 2006, has elevated the capacity of the Barajas International Airport to up to 70 million Indicator Data passengers/year. Around 30% of the flights between Europe and Latin America go through Barajas. It also concentrates 56% more transactions/operations, 70% more passengers and 259% more GDP at current prices (Millions of E) 209,342 GDP variation 0.7% Source: The Madrid traffic load than the second airport in Spain. Inflation Income per capita (E) 1.8% 32,923 Statistics Institute. Comunications The Madrid Region is home to a large part of Spain’s industry Activity Rate 65.1% Unemployment Rate 16.0% The services sector sector’s and telecommunications infrastructures. It has the represents 80.4% largest fiber optic network in Spain, and it receives more Source: The Madrid Statistics Institute, National than half of all national investment in telecommunications Statistics Institute. of the regional GDP. infrastructure. The most important companies in the sector are based in the Madrid Region. In 2010, the Madrid Region was the first Spanish region in 26% of all ICT companies in Spain terms of homes connected to the Internet (74%), and with Human Capital broadband connection (67%). The Spanish average is The Madrid Region offers outstanding are based in Madrid, as well as 22% of all biotechnology companies, and respectively 67 and 57%. Also, 90% of the regional human capital. The active population population has access to third generation networks. comprises 3,411,000 workers (2nd more than 62% of companies in the quarter 2011), and the activity rate is Aerospace sector. The Madrid Region 65.1% (2010 average). is home to 33% of ICT employees in Main Logistics Centers in the Madrid Region (2010) Spain, 44% of Biotechnology’s, and 1 Coslada Transport Center 57% of Aerospace’s. Annual salaries are generally divided Business Structure 2 Coslada Logistic Platform and Dry Tres Cantos 16 into 12 monthly payments and 2 Port The Madrid Region hosts 270,000 There are more than half a million San Sebastián M-607 de los Reyes extra payments. Social Security 3 Barajas Air Cargo Center A-6 A-1 17 contributions are divided between workers in the High-Technology and businesses in the Madrid Region, Alcobendas 14 4 Knowledge Intensive services (2nd which represent 15% of all Spanish Abroñigal Renfe Terminal the employer and the employee. The R-2 region in Europe). companies. More than 75% of these 5 Mercamadrid Las Rozas Barajas Airport Minimum Inter-professional Salary belong to the services sector. A-2 (SMI) is revised every year, and for 6 Madrid Transport Center Population employed by Majadahonda 15 2011 it was established at 8,979E per 7 Vicálvaro Renfe Terminal 3 Alcalá de year. (www.seg-social.es). economic activity (2nd quarter 2011) Companies in the Madrid Region (2011) Madrid Henares Sector Total 8 Villaverde Renfe Terminal Pozuelo de Sector % Alarcón 18 Torrejón Boadilla 1 2 de Ardoz More than 36,000 students graduate Commerce 98,494 9 Neissa Sur de Monte Services 83.0% Coslada San Fernando from Madrid universities every year, Industry 9.7% Construction 67,929 10 CLA Logistic Supply Center M-30 de Henares Construction 6.9% Industry 25,097 of which 34% are from technical and 11 Carpetania Logistic Center 7 Agriculture 0.4% Rest of Services 310,149 4 experimental sciences schools. Total 501,669 A-5 M-40 Total 100.0% 12 Logistic Center Madrid Sur 6 Source: National Statistics Institute. Source: National Statistics Institute, Central 5 Business Directory (DIRCE), 2011. 13 Automotive City Móstoles Alcorcón M-45 8 R-3 Number of students enrolled in universities, according to area of study (2009-2010) 14 Logistic Center Madrid Este Leganés 9 Getafe Social Sciences Technical Health Experimental 15 Prologis Alcalá 13 Fuenlabrada 11 A-3 TOTAL* and Law Schools Humanities Sciences Sciences 12 10 Arganda 16 San Agustín de Guadalix R-5 M-50 del Rey Madrid Region 194,194 91,970 56,008 11,295 22,358 12,563 17 Meco Logistic Center Spain 1,200,763 615,060 306,521 98,959 107,818 72,405 18 Puerta de Madrid Industrial Park Pinto A-4 Parla Madrid/Spain (%) 16.2% 15.0% 18.3% 11.4% 20.7% 17.4% 19 “La Sendilla” Logistic Center A-42 R-4 Madrid by Area 100% 47.4% 28.8% 5.8% 11.5% 6.5% 20 19 * Distance learning universities are not taken into account 20 Las Canteras industrial Park Source: University Coordination Board. Ministry for Science and Innovation. Source: PromoMadrid Desarrollo Internacional de Madrid. 2
  • 3.
    Foreign Trade inthe Madrid Region The Madrid Region is the second Spanish region in terms of export volume Madrid’s Trade Balance by Product Type (11.3% of the national total), and the second in imports (21.1% of the national (millions of E, 2010) total). The coverage rate is 41.5%. Groups Exports Imports Trade Balance Coverage Rate Food 898 3,612 -2,714 25% The main destinations and origins of goods are EU countries. The three most Energy Products 1,818 2,380 -562 76% active sectors in foreign trade (semi-manufacturing, capital goods, and Raw Materials 239 437 -198 55% automotive sectors) represent almost 75% of total imports and exports. Semi-Manufactured goods 7,202 13,427 -6,225 54% Capital Goods 6,345 16,633 -10,288 38% Automotive goods 1,737 5,101 -3,364 34% Trade Balance and Coverage Rate in the Madrid Region and Durable Consumer Goods 254 1,854 -1,600 14% Spain (millions of E, 2010) Manufactured Goods 1,669 6,756 -5,087 25% Others 787 251 536 314% Exports Imports Trade Balance Coverage Rate Total 20,948 50,451 -29,502 42% Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Spain 185,799 238,082 -52,283 78.0% Madrid Region 20,948 50,451 -29,502 41.5% Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Healthcare System Madrid’s Exports by geographical area (2010) The Madrid Region has an excellent healthcare system, with 86 private and Madrid’s Trade Balance by Geographical Area Latin America Africa 5.7% Rest of 5.4% public hospitals. Boasting over 37,700 (millions of E, 2010) America Other doctors, Madrid is the region of Spain 0.1% countries Exports Imports Trade Balance North America 6.6% 7.4% w i t h t h e g re a test n u m b e r of professionals in this sector. Oceania Total 20,948 100.0% 50,451 100.0% -29,502 Asia 8.5% 1.7% UE-27 12,424 59.3% 32,493 64.4% -20,069 Rest of Europe 1,126 5.4% 2,280 4.5% -1,154 Rest of Asia 1,786 8.5% 8,887 17.6% -7,101 Europe North America 1,386 6.6% 3,798 7.5% -2,413 5.4% Life expectancy in the Latin America 1,125 5.4% 1,408 2.8% -282 Rest of America 14 0.1% 15 0.0% -1 Madrid Region, slightly Africa 1,187 5.7% 887 1.8% 300 above 79 years for men and Oceania 347 1.7% 135 0.3% 212 Other countries 1,553 7.4% 547 1.1% 1,006 85 years for women, is one Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. of the highest in the world. UE - 27 59.3% Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Madrid’s Imports by geographical area (2010) Latin America 2.8% Other Countries 1.1% Oceania North America 7.5% 0.3% Rest of Africa 1.8% Europe 4.5% UE - 27 64.4% Asia 17.6% Madrid is the second region in volume of exports Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. in Spain. 3
  • 4.
    LEGAL FRAMEWORK Inward Investmentin the Madrid Region Outward Investment in the Madrid Region The most common corporate entities in Spain are the Sociedad Anonima (S.A), and the Sociedad de Responsibilidad Limitada The Madrid Region receives the highest percentage of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Among all Spanish regions, the Madrid Region is the principal investor in overseas markets. (S.L.), which are roughly equivalent to Spain. Between 2006 and 2010, an inward capital flow of 62,705 million euros was registered, During the 2006-2010 period, an outward flow of 120,504 million euros was registered, respectively a Public Limited Company which is equivalent to 68.3% of the national total of inward FDI (excluding Spanish holding equivalent to 49.8% of the national total of outward FDI. The Madrid Region mainly invests (PLC), and a Private Limited Company (Ltd). companies). European countries, United Arab Emirates, and the United States are the countries in Europe, Brazil, and the U.S. Between 2006 and 2010, 13.6% of outward investment from There is also the Sociedad Limitada Nueva that invest the most in the Madrid Region. the Madrid Region was invested in Latin America, which represented 60.6% of total Spanish Empresa (S.L.N.E.) which could translate investment in this area. Total Spanish direct investment in this area reached 27,087 million into New Business Limited Company, that Furthermore, with the increasing globalization of Latin American companies, the Madrid euros during this period, placing Spain as the second main investor country in Latin America. simplifies and reduces the administrative Region has become the natural place for them to make the move into Europe, due to, among formalities and time required to incorporate other reasons, the shared language, as well as the accumulated experience of our professionals a new company, to less than 48 hours. in business development in Latin America. During the 2006-2010 period, the Madrid Region received more than 1,312 million euros in FDI from Latin America, particularly from Mexico. Since 2005, a Sociedad Anónima Europea Madrid’s Outward FDI by Destination Country (2006-2010) (European Limited Company), can also be set up for holdings of companies located in Madrid’s Inward FDI by Country of Origin (2006-2010) Country Millions of e % of Madrid FDI different EU member states. Country Millions of e % of Inward FDI United Kingdom 47,990 39.8% Spain has signed a total of 71 APPRIs (Bi- Netherlands 13,069 10.8% lateral agreements for the Protection and Hungary 8,332 6.9% Promotion of Reciprocal Investment), 17 of Italy 18,490 29.5% Brazil 6,261 5.2% which are with Latin American countries. United Kingdom 15,831 25.2% Mexico 6,241 5.2% Germany 8,046 12.8% France 5,674 4.7% Through these agreements, Madrid benefits United Arab Emirates 3,314 5.3% from a stable and secure legal framework Italy 5,417 4.5% France 2,795 4.5% in which to carry-out investments. United States 5,254 4.4% United States 2,669 4.3% Germany 2,971 2.5% Netherlands 2,521 4.0% Portugal 2,655 2.2% The taxation system is made up of different Luxemburg 1,304 2.1% Sweden 962 1.5% Others 16,184 13.8% types of taxes, the main ones being Total 120,504 100,0% Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Mexico 862 1.4% Others 5,910 9.4% Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Físicas, I.R.P.F. (Income Tax), Impuesto sobre Total 62,705 100.0% Sociedades, I.S. (Corporate Tax), and Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido, I.V.A. Madrid’s Outward FDI by Sector (2006-2010) (Value Added Tax) (www.meh.es). The FDI in the Madrid Region is mainly concentrated in the energy sector. Sector Millions of e Sectorial Distribution The Madrid Region has one of the most Madrid’s Inward FDI by Sector (2006-2010) of Madrid FDI favorable tax systems in Spain. One of the main regional benefits is the one point tax Telecommunications 44,781 37.2% cut on the Income Tax rate, the near entire Sector Millions of e % of Inward FDI Financial Services 23,119 19.2% elimination of the Inheritance and Donation Insurance 7,115 5.9% Electricity and Gas Energy Production & Distribution 25,893 41.3% Tax, the reduction of the Capital Transfer Building construction 6,929 5.8% Wholesale and Commerce Intermediaries, except motor vehicles 14,177 22.6% Warehouses and transport related activities 5,094 4.2% Tax when acquiring a property for large Oil Industries 3,367 5.4% Metal, iron and steel 3,436 2.9% families, and the increase of the minimum Banking and other Financial Services 2,654 4.2% Non-metallic minerals 2,809 2.3% value to be exempt from Wealth Tax. Real Estate 2,126 3.4% Real Estate 2,613 2.2% Telecommunications 1,239 2.0% Radio and Television 2,426 2.0% Expatriates assigned to work in Spain have Others 13,250 21.1% Waste collection, treatment and disposal 2,415 2.0% the possibility of benefiting from lower Total 62,705 100.0% Others 19,763 16.4% income tax rates if they opt to settle their Source: Ministry of Industry, Total 120,504 100.0% taxes through the Income Tax for Non- Tourism and Trade. Source: Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Residents. Under this regime, a general rate of 24% is applied to salary income earned in Spain during a maximum period of six years, and up to a maximum amount of 600,000 E/per year. The Foreign Asset-Holding Entities A national economic engine and leader: (Entidades de Tenencia de Valores Extranjeros, ETVE) are corporations that the Madrid Region, covering just 1.6% of the Spanish enable to avoid double taxation by means of the non-integration in the tax-base of the territory, represents more than 19% of the dividends and surplus value obtained abroad (exemption method). national economy, and the income level is 22% Spain has also signed agreements with a total of 93 countries in order to allow greater than the EU-27 average. companies to avoid double taxation. 82 of them are currently in effect, and the rest are under negotiation. 4
  • 5.
    Research and Development Professionals Dedicated to RDI (2009) The Madrid Region is the national leader Science and Technology Parks in the Madrid Region Total Personnel (equivalent to full time) 53,171 in Research, Development, and Innovation PromoMadrid, Desarrollo Internacional de Madrid (c) Business Sector 23,586 (RDI). The Region is the headquarters for Public Administration 15,365 17 of the 19 Public Research Bodies which Education 14,220 manage some of the programs in the Source: National Statistics Institute. National Research, Development and Ciudad del Accessibility and Logistics Innovation Plan, and execute a large part Parque Tecnológico Conocimiento In 2009, the Madrid Region was home Infrastructures of RDI activities financed by public funds. de Madrid Ae BS ICT En O Parque Científico to 24.6% of the national total of The geographical location of the Madrid The Madrid Region is also home to 8 Ae BS ICT In de Madrid personnel dedicated to RDI activities, Region -in the center of the Iberian Spanish Royal Academies. Colmenar Viejo and over 25% of the Researchers Tres Cantos BS ICT Peninsula- and the radial transport system COMUNIDAD DE MADRID En Ev Nt working in Spain. guarantee efficient transportation and Innovation indicators (2009-2010): Madrid-Cantoblanco communication with the rest of the • The Madrid Region is the national leader Tecnotrescantos country, ensuring a delivery in less than in terms of expenditure in RDI, which Bioparque Human Resources in 12 hours to the rest of the Peninsula. This represents 2% of the GDP. BS Region Science & Technology Tecnoalcalá has encouraged a vast majority of • 27% of national expenditure on RDI Tres Cantos (thousands of people) Ch ICT BS companies to set up their Distribution originates from Madrid. Île de France 3,705 Center for the Iberian Peninsula in Madrid. • 28% of Spanish private expenditure on Alcalá de Henares Madrid Region 1,891 RDI hails from Madrid. Montegancedo Lombardia 1,821 Catalonia The largest logistics space in Spain (24.5 • The Madrid Region is home to 24.6% of Ae BS ICT 1,523 Andalucia 1,480 million sq. meters) is located in the Madrid RDI professionals in Spain. Boadilla del Monte Oberbayern Region, and has inter-modal facilities, 1,378 • 33% of Spanish IT professionals are Istanbul 1,364 infrastructures, and services. In total, the located in Madrid. Madrid Rhône-Alpes 1,361 Madrid Region has more than 20 • 22% of all Spanish patent concessions Tecnomóstoles Campus Sur Vallecas Mazowieckie 1,324 specialized logistics platforms. were registered in the Madrid Region. ICT En O Au In O Source: Eurostat. • During the 2005-2009 period, 28% of Móstoles Madrid - Vallecas Among the Region’s infrastructures, the Spanish-published works in international Dry Port of Coslada is of particular journals hail from the Madrid Region. importance. It is the first inland maritime • The Region has 11 Science and Technology customs site in the EU in terms of volume parks (either working or under construction), (65,000 TEUs/year), and is located near which have the capacity to welcome over Parque Tecnológico the Barajas International Airport. It has a 1,900 companies. Tecnoleganés Tecnogetafe Ciudad de Madrid surface area of 140,000 sq. meters, and ICT In Nt Ae ICT En In connects the Madrid Region by train with Ae En Au Nt O The Madrid Regional Government actively Leganés Getafe the five major ports on the coasts of the Madrid - Villaverde supports Public Private Partnership (PPP) Peninsula: Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, in the sciences. The “madri+d” network Valencia, and Lisbon. (www.madrimasd.org) brings together public and private research institutions The Madrid Regional Government has with regional business associations, so as Science and technology park implemented the Logistics Infrastructure Ch Chemicals to improve the competitiveness of the Development Plan which seeks to double Region through knowledge and innovation Park under construction the logistics capacity of the region to 50 In Industry and engineering transfer, as well as commercialization. million sq. meters. The Plan will entail the Madrid Network creation of nine new logistics centers, an Au Automobile Furthermore, the Madrid Institute for intermodal platform, a cargo airport, the Advanced Studies (“Instituto Madrileño de Parks associated to a university Nt Nanotechnology and materials connection among logistics centers in the Estudios Avanzados”) (www.imdea.org), is Region, and the development of a railway Ae Aeroespatial En Energy the institutional body responsible for PPPs bypass system for goods. All of the latter in science and research. This institute is will significantly improve delivery times. BS Biotechnology and life O Other organized into the following areas of sciences knowledge: water, food sciences, biomedicine, social sciences, energy, ICT Information and Communication Technologies mathematics, materials sciences, regenerative medicine, nanoscience, Ev Environment networks, and software. The Madrid Region has a network of clusters that promote the 12 sectors that The Madrid Region is the national leader are economically strategic for the Region: Aerospace, Biotechnology, Health, Graphic Design, Financial Services, Security, in terms of expenditure on RDI, Audiovisual, Renewable Energies, Tourism, Automotive, Logistics, and a Platform representing 2% of GDP for the Spanish language (www.madridnetwork.com). 5
  • 6.
    Official Websites ofthe USEFUL INFORMATION Madrid Region Currency and Exchange Bus: The Madrid Region also has a total of 4,000 public buses. • Madrid Regional Government Rates www.madrid.org Spain’s currency is the euro. In 2010, Taxis: There are more than 15,000 With the capacity to handle • Madrid Region Statistics Institute rates of exchange against the euro up to 70 million passengers www.madrid.org/iestadis taxis operating in the Madrid Region. (yearly average) were 1.33 USD; 116 • Madrid Trade Fair Center IFEMA Yen, and 0.86 £ Sterling. They can be hailed anywhere in the a year, Barajas is the second www.ifema.es city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. There are also taxi stations in specific most important airport in • Network of Madrid Technology Parks Time and Working Hours points. Europe in terms of capacity. & Clusters Time zone: GMT+1 www.madridnetwork.org Today, it is already the main link • Madrid Chamber of Commerce & Summer time: From the last Sunday of March at 2AM to the last Sunday between Europe and Industry Holiday Periods and Latin America. www.camaramadrid.es in October at 3AM: GMT+2. Banks: Mon to Fri from 8:30AM to Public Holidays • Madrid Business Confederation CEIM 2:30PM. Spanish employment legislation www.ceim.es Some banks have longer hours on provides for a mandatory holiday • Avalmadrid Thursdays and open on Saturdays. period of 30 calendar days a year (or www.avalmadrid.es Retail Businesses: Minimum: Mon to 22 business days), which are usually • Madrid Region Enterprise Portal Sat from 10AM to 2PM, and 5PM to taken during the summer months www.emprendelo.org 8:30PM (approximately). The Madrid (July and August). Sundays are non- • Madrid Region Higher Education Region’s flexible framework for retail working days, and there are also 14 Portal opening hours allows retailers to open public holidays a year, the dates of www.emes.es 24 hours a day on business days, and which vary according to the city and • Madrid Region Inmigration Portal up to 22 public holidays a year, should region (www.mtas.es). www.madrid.org/inmigramadrid they wish to do so. • Madrid Migratory Agency Central, Local, and Regional www.madrilenosenelexterior.org Government: Mon to Fri from 8AM to • Madrid Region Video Channel 3PM. www.canalcamtv.com Transport Air: The Barajas International Airport is an important link between Latin Other Useful Websites America, Europe, and North Africa. Its location, just 12 kilometers from the center of the capital city, and • Ministry of Economy & Finance the connections by underground and www.meh.es bus, provide travellers with fast, economical and easy access. • Ministry of Industry, Tourism & Commerce Rail: The Madrid Region is at the www.mityc.es center of the Spanish radial railway • Ministry of Foreign Affairs & network. The Region is connected to Cooperation the main cities across the Peninsula Further Information: www.maec.es and Europe, in many cases by high- speed train (Albacete, Barcelona, • Invest in Spain Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Lerida, Malaga, www.investinspain.org Segovia, Sevilla, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza). • Spanish Institute of Foreign Trade about you MAYONCNOV©Madrid, PromoMadrid. (ICEX) Underground: The underground www.icex.es network, currently used by 685 million passengers, is the fourth largest Calle Suero de Quiñones, 34 • National Statistics Institute E - 28002 Madrid (Spain) www.ine.es network in the world in extension (293 km), the 1st in the world in number of Tel.: +34 91 745 01 27 • Business Single Point of Contact underground kilometers (260km), and Web: www.promomadrid.com www.ventanillaempresarial.org the 3rd in the world in number of E-mail: informacion@promomadrid.com m e t r o s t o p s ( 30 0 s t a t i o n s ) . twitter.com/promomadrid • Official Credit Institute Comparable underground networks www.linkedin.com/company/promomadrid www.ico.es are New York, London, and Moscow. www.madrid.org 6