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Macro 15

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Gale Pooley
Gale Pooley

Macro 15

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Lecture 15 Macroeconomics
Exam 2 Friday November 1 Testing Center Chapters 10-16
Two Problems Unemployment Inflation
Chapter 15 Central Banks Money Supplies Fractional Reserve Banking Reserve Ratio - Money Multiplier Monetary Tools Systemic Risks Control AD-AS Model
Jerome Powell Chairman Federal Reserve Bank
Who is the chairman of the central bank in your country?
AD Real GDP Growth Rate Inflation Rate π LRAS SRAS Recession Inflation
Negative Positive Shift Left Shift Right Aggregate Supply Curve Bad weather Good weather Higher oil price Lower Oil Price Tech slump Tech boom Higher business taxes or regulations Lower business taxes or regulation War, Earthquake, Pandemic Smooth production Aggregate Demand Curve Slower Money Supply Growth Faster money Supply Growth Fear Confidence Reduced Wealth Increased Wealth Higher Personal Taxes Lower Personal Taxes Lower Government Spending Higher Government Spending Decreased Export Growth Increased Export Growth Increased Import Growth Decreased Import Growth
Negative Positive Shift Left Shift Right Aggregate Supply Curve Bad weather Good weather Higher oil price Lower Oil Price Tech slump Tech boom Higher business taxes or regulations Lower business taxes or regulation War, Earthquake, Pandemic Smooth production Aggregate Demand Curve Slower Money Supply Growth Faster money Supply Growth Fear Confidence Reduced Wealth Increased Wealth Higher Personal Taxes Lower Personal Taxes Lower Government Spending Higher Government Spending Decreased Export Growth Increased Export Growth Increased Import Growth Decreased Import Growth
Federal Reserve Bank - FED Money Supply U.S. Treasury Banks Payment System
Money Supply Tools Excess Reserves Rate Open Market Operations Discount Rate Reserve Ratio
Central Bank Recession Unemployment Inflation
AD Real GDP Growth Rate Inflation Rate π LRAS SRAS Recession Inflation
Reserve Ratio Fractional Reserve Banking Money Multiplier
Reserve Ratio Fraction of deposits that must be held in reserve
Money Multiplies as it is spent and re-spent and re- spent again and again… RR = 1÷ MM Money Multiplier
Reserve Ratio RR = 1÷ MM Money Multiplier MM = 1÷ RR
Reserve Ratio Money Multipler 100% 1 50% 2 20% 5 10% 10 5% 20 1% 100
Discount Rate Rate the FED charges member banks
Discount Rate Currently 2.75% Average 4.45% (1950 - 2017)
Discount Rate
Discount Rate Influences other rates
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Time to Maturity Interest Rate FED Changes Discount Rate Other Rates Follow
Pattern?
Open Market Operations Buying and Selling Financial Instruments
Banks now have more cash to loan Central Bank Public Banks Increase Money Supply? Buy bonds for cash
Banks now have less cash to loan Central Bank Public Banks Decrease Money Supply? Sell bonds for cash

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