Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian philosopher and writer from the 15th century. He is best known for his work The Prince, where he advised rulers on how to effectively govern their countries. In the book, Machiavelli emphasized that it is better for rulers to be feared than loved. He also argued that leaders should prioritize military strength and discipline to maintain power. Machiavelli's works had lasting influence and the concept of "Machiavellian" politics is still used today to describe cunning approaches to governing.