The document discusses the fate of the "lost 10,000" Polish prisoners from Starobielsk and Ostashkow camps in addition to the 4,500 killed at Katyn forest. It summarizes evidence that the additional 10,000 prisoners were also executed by Soviet NKVD in spring 1940 and provides details on prisoner transports from the camps. While the exact locations of the additional mass graves are unknown, the document analyzes clues that the prisoners may have been killed near Kharkov and Bologoye and buried in mass graves similar to Katyn, though containing over twice as many victims. It emphasizes the importance of continuing to investigate and uncover the truth about the full scale of the Katyn massacre.
Mark weber an open letter to the rev. mark herbener - journal of historical...RareBooksnRecords
This open letter from Mark Weber responds to questions from Reverend Mark Herbener about what happened to Jews transported to camps like Sobibor, Treblinka, and Chelmno. Weber argues that available evidence shows these were transit camps near the Polish-Soviet border, not extermination camps. Jews were likely detained temporarily and then transported further east into occupied Soviet territories. Contradictory eyewitness accounts and lack of physical evidence make the claims of mass extermination at these camps difficult to believe. The letter calls on Reverend Herbener to consider alternative explanations for what happened to Eastern European Jews during World War 2.
Paul rassinier rassinier to the nation - journal of historical review volum...RareBooksnRecords
In this letter, Paul Rassinier disputes claims made in a book review about his works on concentration camps and the Holocaust. He argues that there is no evidence Hitler or other top Nazis ordered the extermination of Jews. While deaths occurred, he believes the number is around 1 million rather than 6 million. He also argues there is no evidence gas chambers existed in most camps, including Dachau and those in Germany. The question of gas chambers at Auschwitz remains unclear.
The Katyn Forest Massacre involved the murder of thousands of Polish prisoners, including over 8,000 officers, by the Soviet NKVD secret police in 1940. When the mass graves were discovered by Germany in 1943, the Soviet Union falsely blamed the Nazis for the killings. After the war, the Soviet Union continued propagating this lie and the Western allies covered up the true perpetrators to preserve their alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany. It was not until 1990 that the Soviet Union under Gorbachev finally admitted that the Soviet secret police carried out the massacre on Stalin's orders.
Holocaust in Poland. During the II World War, jewish and non-jewish residents of Poland have suffered from Hitler Germany's ruthless policy. In particular, Hitler was aiming to kill every single jew in the world. Jews predominantly were living in Poland, Germany constructed extremination and concentration camps, as well as ghettos within the territory of Poland, in order to ruin them very quickly.
This Presentation was for Holocaust in Central and Eastern Europe Course.
The uprising in Warsaw ended on October 2, 1944 after 63 days of warfare. The capitulation contract secured combatant rights for about 15,000 AK soldiers, including 2,000 women and 900 officers who were transferred to prison camps. Over 650,000 civilians were evacuated from Warsaw through camps and forced labor in Germany. After the capitulation, Germany carried out Hitler's plan to destroy Warsaw, resulting in 58% of buildings being totally destroyed and 17% being partly destroyed, with 90% of historic buildings destroyed.
This article reviews the narrative that the EU applies a double standard with regards to minority rights, demanding more extensive collective rights protections from Balkan states than it requires of itself or its own member states. The author first introduces the differences between individual/collective and positive/negative rights frameworks. She then examines the rights frameworks historically used in Yugoslavia, currently within the EU, and those demanded of Balkan states. The author aims to determine if a real double standard exists and why, and whether such a policy undermines the EU's soft power and human rights goals. The article conducts a nuanced analysis of minority rights approaches across contexts.
The last days_of_the_romanovs-robert_wilton_and_depositions_of_eye_witnesses-...RareBooksnRecords
The document summarizes the last days and fate of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family. It describes how their bodies were discovered in 1918 near Yekaterinburg in a mine shaft, where they had been murdered in July 1918 on the orders of the Bolshevik government. Parts of their remains and belongings were collected and brought to Europe by a Russian investigator. The fate of the Romanov dynasty and what happened to their bodies remained a mystery for many years.
Mark weber an open letter to the rev. mark herbener - journal of historical...RareBooksnRecords
This open letter from Mark Weber responds to questions from Reverend Mark Herbener about what happened to Jews transported to camps like Sobibor, Treblinka, and Chelmno. Weber argues that available evidence shows these were transit camps near the Polish-Soviet border, not extermination camps. Jews were likely detained temporarily and then transported further east into occupied Soviet territories. Contradictory eyewitness accounts and lack of physical evidence make the claims of mass extermination at these camps difficult to believe. The letter calls on Reverend Herbener to consider alternative explanations for what happened to Eastern European Jews during World War 2.
Paul rassinier rassinier to the nation - journal of historical review volum...RareBooksnRecords
In this letter, Paul Rassinier disputes claims made in a book review about his works on concentration camps and the Holocaust. He argues that there is no evidence Hitler or other top Nazis ordered the extermination of Jews. While deaths occurred, he believes the number is around 1 million rather than 6 million. He also argues there is no evidence gas chambers existed in most camps, including Dachau and those in Germany. The question of gas chambers at Auschwitz remains unclear.
The Katyn Forest Massacre involved the murder of thousands of Polish prisoners, including over 8,000 officers, by the Soviet NKVD secret police in 1940. When the mass graves were discovered by Germany in 1943, the Soviet Union falsely blamed the Nazis for the killings. After the war, the Soviet Union continued propagating this lie and the Western allies covered up the true perpetrators to preserve their alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany. It was not until 1990 that the Soviet Union under Gorbachev finally admitted that the Soviet secret police carried out the massacre on Stalin's orders.
Holocaust in Poland. During the II World War, jewish and non-jewish residents of Poland have suffered from Hitler Germany's ruthless policy. In particular, Hitler was aiming to kill every single jew in the world. Jews predominantly were living in Poland, Germany constructed extremination and concentration camps, as well as ghettos within the territory of Poland, in order to ruin them very quickly.
This Presentation was for Holocaust in Central and Eastern Europe Course.
The uprising in Warsaw ended on October 2, 1944 after 63 days of warfare. The capitulation contract secured combatant rights for about 15,000 AK soldiers, including 2,000 women and 900 officers who were transferred to prison camps. Over 650,000 civilians were evacuated from Warsaw through camps and forced labor in Germany. After the capitulation, Germany carried out Hitler's plan to destroy Warsaw, resulting in 58% of buildings being totally destroyed and 17% being partly destroyed, with 90% of historic buildings destroyed.
This article reviews the narrative that the EU applies a double standard with regards to minority rights, demanding more extensive collective rights protections from Balkan states than it requires of itself or its own member states. The author first introduces the differences between individual/collective and positive/negative rights frameworks. She then examines the rights frameworks historically used in Yugoslavia, currently within the EU, and those demanded of Balkan states. The author aims to determine if a real double standard exists and why, and whether such a policy undermines the EU's soft power and human rights goals. The article conducts a nuanced analysis of minority rights approaches across contexts.
The last days_of_the_romanovs-robert_wilton_and_depositions_of_eye_witnesses-...RareBooksnRecords
The document summarizes the last days and fate of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family. It describes how their bodies were discovered in 1918 near Yekaterinburg in a mine shaft, where they had been murdered in July 1918 on the orders of the Bolshevik government. Parts of their remains and belongings were collected and brought to Europe by a Russian investigator. The fate of the Romanov dynasty and what happened to their bodies remained a mystery for many years.
One of the most frequently asked questions about the Holocaust is: How was it humanly possible?
In order to approach this question, a few things must be taken in consideration:
The document provides details about Treblinka death camp, including its location, construction, operations, victims, and significance. It describes how the camp was designed to disguise itself as a transit camp to deceive victims onto trains. Over 800,000 Polish Jews and others were murdered there between 1942-1943. The camp was destroyed by the Nazis in 1943 to cover up evidence but has since been commemorated as a memorial site.
The document summarizes the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist terrorist organization led by Dragutin Dimitrijevic that aimed to destabilize the Austro-Hungarian empire and unite Bosnia with Serbia. On the day of the assassination, Princip encountered Ferdinand's motorcade after another member of the Black Hand failed in his first attempt to kill Ferdinand with a grenade. This assassination sparked increased tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that led to the start of World War I.
Wojtek the Soldier Bear was a Syrian brown bear that served with the Polish II Corps during World War II. He was adopted by Polish soldiers in 1942 and helped carry ammunition crates during the Battle of Monte Cassino in 1944. Wojtek was officially enlisted in the Polish Army with his own rank as a private. After the war, he lived in Edinburgh Zoo until his death in 1963 at age 21, having become a beloved mascot of the Polish Army.
We spoke a few weeks ago about the mass murder of the leadership stratum of the Polish nation by the Soviet secret police in the Katyn Forest in April 1940. We discussed that genocidal atrocity in the light of the ongoing Jewish campaign to portray Jews as the principal victims of the Second World War and to collect reparations from the rest of the world today. A good deal of interest in that broadcast was expressed by listeners, many of whom had not been acquainted previously with the facts of the Katyn atrocity. Today I will explore this general subject further. I will tell you about the fate of the Ukrainian nation at the hands of the Soviet secret police.
Cursed Soldiers or Damned Soldiers refers to various Polish resistance movements that continued fighting against the Stalinist government in Poland after World War II and into the mid-1950s. One of the largest battles between Polish resistance fighters and Soviet forces took place in May 1945 where underground Polish forces killed up to 70 Russian agents. In June-July 1945, a joint Soviet-Polish operation captured over 2,000 suspected anti-communist Polish fighters, with around 600 presumed to have died in Russian custody. By the early 1950s, nearly 250,000 former Polish underground fighters had been imprisoned or sent to work camps by Russian and Polish secret police, with around 20,000 estimated killed or tortured to death.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 sparked World War I. A Serbian nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand, led by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic, supplied weapons and training to six assassins including Gavrilo Princip. Despite security failures, Princip was able to fatally shoot the Archduke and his wife, setting off a chain of events that led to global war. The assassination occurred on the anniversary of a historic Serbian defeat, and removed a moderate who opposed war with Serbia, ensuring a strong Austrian response and retaliation against Serbia that engulfed the major European powers.
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising began in January 1943 as the Nazis started the second round of deportations of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to concentration camps. Members of the Jewish resistance groups engaged the Nazis in combat and their numbers grew to over 1,000 fighters by April 1943, though they were poorly armed with only pistols, revolvers, and small quantities of rifles. On April 19, 1943 the Nazis entered the ghetto intending to crush the uprising in three days, but were ambushed by Jewish fighters using Molotov cocktails and other improvised weapons, though the ghetto was ultimately burned to the ground by the Nazis over the following weeks. Approximately 13,000 Jews were killed during
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army
to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet
Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces.
However, the Soviet advance stopped short, enabling the Germans to regroup and demolish the
city while defeating the Polish resistance, which fought for 63 days with little outside support.
It stared on August 1st 1944.
When it ended 150,000 - 200,000 W\Varsovians were dead and whole city lied in ruins.
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding Stutthof concentration camp. It summarizes that Polish historians claim Stutthof became a makeshift extermination camp in 1944, gassing many Jewish inmates. However, some Western historians who acknowledge the Holocaust make no claim of extermination at Stutthof. The document aims to investigate the claims of gassing and function of Stutthof through analysis of original documents from Polish and other archives.
Operation Reinhard was the code name given to the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews in Poland between 1942-1943. The three main camps for this operation were Sobibor, Belzec, and Treblinka. Treblinka was divided into two camps - Treblinka I was a labor camp and Treblinka II was an extermination camp containing gas chambers. Over 800,000 people were murdered at Treblinka before it was closed in 1943 as Allied forces advanced.
Communist party line fbi file series in 25 parts - vol. (3)RareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
James b. whisker karl marx anti-semite - journal of historical review volum...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an analysis of Karl Marx's views on Judaism and Jews as expressed in his 1843 work "On the Jewish Question." The author argues that Marx held strongly anti-Semitic views, believing that Judaism was nothing more than a means to acquire material wealth through usury and money-lending. Marx accused Jews of reducing all objects and human relations to their monetary value, causing alienation. While Marx did not propose a Jewish conspiracy, he saw the Jewish mentality as wholly incompatible with his vision of a humane socialist society and believed emancipation required liberation from Jewish influence. The author asserts Marx's anti-Semitism helped enable later acceptance of anti-Semitic ideas in Germany.
Robert c. black politics, prejudice, and procedure - the impeachment trial o...RareBooksnRecords
- The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson in 1868 was highly political but not as unfair as traditionally believed. While political and personal biases existed, procedural rulings often favored Johnson's defense. Chief Justice Chase, who presided over the trial, had his own political ambitions and worked to Johnson's benefit, helping acquit him by one vote. The impeachment was an inherently political act, as the Constitution intends impeachment trials to be, and claims of unfairness do not stand up to scrutiny.
John bennett the holocaust debate - journal of historical review volume 2 n...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes a speech given by John Bennett on the Holocaust debate. Some key points:
1) Bennett argues that there is little freedom of speech in the US to debate important issues like the Holocaust. While the US Constitution guarantees free speech, the media suppresses discussion of the Holocaust.
2) In contrast, Australia has more freedom of speech on this issue, with debates occurring on television and in major newspapers. However, this is largely due to Bennett initiating the debate.
3) Bennett questions the mainstream Holocaust narrative and argues that freely debating the facts would show it to be untrue. However, suppression of discussion prevents arriving at the truth. Asking the right questions about events like Ausch
Nordling, carl how many jews died in the german concentration camps - journ...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes Carl Nordling's analysis of Walter N. Sanning's book "The Dissolution of East European Jewry", which investigates Jewish population loss during World War 2. Nordling examines statistical data on 722 identified European Jews and finds it supports Sanning's estimates that around 2.2 million Jews emigrated from German-controlled areas in 1939-1941, and around 300,000-500,000 Jews were unaccounted for by the end of the war. Based on camp registration numbers from Auschwitz and Theresienstadt, he estimates around 420,000 Jews were missing from German concentration camps.
James j. martin where was general marshall - journal of historical review v...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the mystery surrounding General George C. Marshall's whereabouts and actions in the 24 hours leading up to the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941. While immense volumes have been written on Pearl Harbor, Marshall's actions during this critical period are still unknown. As Army Chief of Staff, Marshall was directly in charge of the Army command at Pearl Harbor and thus his role in the events leading up to the attack are of immense significance. However, the document notes that partisan defenses of official versions and the emotional baggage surrounding accounts of the attack have helped fuel the ongoing mystery around Marshall's missing hours before the bombing.
Percy l. greaves, jr. marshall before the joint congressional committee- jo...RareBooksnRecords
General Marshall was called to testify before the Joint Congressional Committee investigating the events preceding the Pearl Harbor attack. Due to Marshall's new assignment to address problems in China, his testimony was shortened. Lieutenant General Gerow testified before Marshall to establish the administration's position that Pearl Harbor commanders were adequately alerted. Gerow accepted responsibility for any failure to properly inquire about General Short's response regarding the alert. Marshall's testimony was also friendly, with Marshall unable to recall many details. He could not provide clear details about his movements and actions on the day of the Pearl Harbor attack.
Communist party line fbi file series in 25 parts - vol. (4)RareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes while also improving mood and reducing stress and anxiety. Exercising for at least 30 minutes per day several times a week is recommended to gain these health benefits.
Percy l. greaves, jr. the mystery of pearl harbor - journal of historical r...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the controversy surrounding the attack on Pearl Harbor and whether President Roosevelt deliberately withheld information to draw the US into World War 2. It argues that the official investigations, led by Justice Roberts, were biased as the members were appointed by Secretary of State Stimson who wanted to deflect blame. It criticizes the work of historian Samuel Eliot Morison and author Roberta Wohlstetter for uncritically accepting the official narrative and ignoring evidence that senior officials in Washington shared responsibility for failing to warn Pearl Harbor.
One of the most frequently asked questions about the Holocaust is: How was it humanly possible?
In order to approach this question, a few things must be taken in consideration:
The document provides details about Treblinka death camp, including its location, construction, operations, victims, and significance. It describes how the camp was designed to disguise itself as a transit camp to deceive victims onto trains. Over 800,000 Polish Jews and others were murdered there between 1942-1943. The camp was destroyed by the Nazis in 1943 to cover up evidence but has since been commemorated as a memorial site.
The document summarizes the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist terrorist organization led by Dragutin Dimitrijevic that aimed to destabilize the Austro-Hungarian empire and unite Bosnia with Serbia. On the day of the assassination, Princip encountered Ferdinand's motorcade after another member of the Black Hand failed in his first attempt to kill Ferdinand with a grenade. This assassination sparked increased tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that led to the start of World War I.
Wojtek the Soldier Bear was a Syrian brown bear that served with the Polish II Corps during World War II. He was adopted by Polish soldiers in 1942 and helped carry ammunition crates during the Battle of Monte Cassino in 1944. Wojtek was officially enlisted in the Polish Army with his own rank as a private. After the war, he lived in Edinburgh Zoo until his death in 1963 at age 21, having become a beloved mascot of the Polish Army.
We spoke a few weeks ago about the mass murder of the leadership stratum of the Polish nation by the Soviet secret police in the Katyn Forest in April 1940. We discussed that genocidal atrocity in the light of the ongoing Jewish campaign to portray Jews as the principal victims of the Second World War and to collect reparations from the rest of the world today. A good deal of interest in that broadcast was expressed by listeners, many of whom had not been acquainted previously with the facts of the Katyn atrocity. Today I will explore this general subject further. I will tell you about the fate of the Ukrainian nation at the hands of the Soviet secret police.
Cursed Soldiers or Damned Soldiers refers to various Polish resistance movements that continued fighting against the Stalinist government in Poland after World War II and into the mid-1950s. One of the largest battles between Polish resistance fighters and Soviet forces took place in May 1945 where underground Polish forces killed up to 70 Russian agents. In June-July 1945, a joint Soviet-Polish operation captured over 2,000 suspected anti-communist Polish fighters, with around 600 presumed to have died in Russian custody. By the early 1950s, nearly 250,000 former Polish underground fighters had been imprisoned or sent to work camps by Russian and Polish secret police, with around 20,000 estimated killed or tortured to death.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 sparked World War I. A Serbian nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand, led by Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic, supplied weapons and training to six assassins including Gavrilo Princip. Despite security failures, Princip was able to fatally shoot the Archduke and his wife, setting off a chain of events that led to global war. The assassination occurred on the anniversary of a historic Serbian defeat, and removed a moderate who opposed war with Serbia, ensuring a strong Austrian response and retaliation against Serbia that engulfed the major European powers.
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising began in January 1943 as the Nazis started the second round of deportations of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to concentration camps. Members of the Jewish resistance groups engaged the Nazis in combat and their numbers grew to over 1,000 fighters by April 1943, though they were poorly armed with only pistols, revolvers, and small quantities of rifles. On April 19, 1943 the Nazis entered the ghetto intending to crush the uprising in three days, but were ambushed by Jewish fighters using Molotov cocktails and other improvised weapons, though the ghetto was ultimately burned to the ground by the Nazis over the following weeks. Approximately 13,000 Jews were killed during
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army
to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet
Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces.
However, the Soviet advance stopped short, enabling the Germans to regroup and demolish the
city while defeating the Polish resistance, which fought for 63 days with little outside support.
It stared on August 1st 1944.
When it ended 150,000 - 200,000 W\Varsovians were dead and whole city lied in ruins.
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding Stutthof concentration camp. It summarizes that Polish historians claim Stutthof became a makeshift extermination camp in 1944, gassing many Jewish inmates. However, some Western historians who acknowledge the Holocaust make no claim of extermination at Stutthof. The document aims to investigate the claims of gassing and function of Stutthof through analysis of original documents from Polish and other archives.
Operation Reinhard was the code name given to the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews in Poland between 1942-1943. The three main camps for this operation were Sobibor, Belzec, and Treblinka. Treblinka was divided into two camps - Treblinka I was a labor camp and Treblinka II was an extermination camp containing gas chambers. Over 800,000 people were murdered at Treblinka before it was closed in 1943 as Allied forces advanced.
Communist party line fbi file series in 25 parts - vol. (3)RareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
James b. whisker karl marx anti-semite - journal of historical review volum...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an analysis of Karl Marx's views on Judaism and Jews as expressed in his 1843 work "On the Jewish Question." The author argues that Marx held strongly anti-Semitic views, believing that Judaism was nothing more than a means to acquire material wealth through usury and money-lending. Marx accused Jews of reducing all objects and human relations to their monetary value, causing alienation. While Marx did not propose a Jewish conspiracy, he saw the Jewish mentality as wholly incompatible with his vision of a humane socialist society and believed emancipation required liberation from Jewish influence. The author asserts Marx's anti-Semitism helped enable later acceptance of anti-Semitic ideas in Germany.
Robert c. black politics, prejudice, and procedure - the impeachment trial o...RareBooksnRecords
- The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson in 1868 was highly political but not as unfair as traditionally believed. While political and personal biases existed, procedural rulings often favored Johnson's defense. Chief Justice Chase, who presided over the trial, had his own political ambitions and worked to Johnson's benefit, helping acquit him by one vote. The impeachment was an inherently political act, as the Constitution intends impeachment trials to be, and claims of unfairness do not stand up to scrutiny.
John bennett the holocaust debate - journal of historical review volume 2 n...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes a speech given by John Bennett on the Holocaust debate. Some key points:
1) Bennett argues that there is little freedom of speech in the US to debate important issues like the Holocaust. While the US Constitution guarantees free speech, the media suppresses discussion of the Holocaust.
2) In contrast, Australia has more freedom of speech on this issue, with debates occurring on television and in major newspapers. However, this is largely due to Bennett initiating the debate.
3) Bennett questions the mainstream Holocaust narrative and argues that freely debating the facts would show it to be untrue. However, suppression of discussion prevents arriving at the truth. Asking the right questions about events like Ausch
Nordling, carl how many jews died in the german concentration camps - journ...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes Carl Nordling's analysis of Walter N. Sanning's book "The Dissolution of East European Jewry", which investigates Jewish population loss during World War 2. Nordling examines statistical data on 722 identified European Jews and finds it supports Sanning's estimates that around 2.2 million Jews emigrated from German-controlled areas in 1939-1941, and around 300,000-500,000 Jews were unaccounted for by the end of the war. Based on camp registration numbers from Auschwitz and Theresienstadt, he estimates around 420,000 Jews were missing from German concentration camps.
James j. martin where was general marshall - journal of historical review v...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the mystery surrounding General George C. Marshall's whereabouts and actions in the 24 hours leading up to the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941. While immense volumes have been written on Pearl Harbor, Marshall's actions during this critical period are still unknown. As Army Chief of Staff, Marshall was directly in charge of the Army command at Pearl Harbor and thus his role in the events leading up to the attack are of immense significance. However, the document notes that partisan defenses of official versions and the emotional baggage surrounding accounts of the attack have helped fuel the ongoing mystery around Marshall's missing hours before the bombing.
Percy l. greaves, jr. marshall before the joint congressional committee- jo...RareBooksnRecords
General Marshall was called to testify before the Joint Congressional Committee investigating the events preceding the Pearl Harbor attack. Due to Marshall's new assignment to address problems in China, his testimony was shortened. Lieutenant General Gerow testified before Marshall to establish the administration's position that Pearl Harbor commanders were adequately alerted. Gerow accepted responsibility for any failure to properly inquire about General Short's response regarding the alert. Marshall's testimony was also friendly, with Marshall unable to recall many details. He could not provide clear details about his movements and actions on the day of the Pearl Harbor attack.
Communist party line fbi file series in 25 parts - vol. (4)RareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes while also improving mood and reducing stress and anxiety. Exercising for at least 30 minutes per day several times a week is recommended to gain these health benefits.
Percy l. greaves, jr. the mystery of pearl harbor - journal of historical r...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the controversy surrounding the attack on Pearl Harbor and whether President Roosevelt deliberately withheld information to draw the US into World War 2. It argues that the official investigations, led by Justice Roberts, were biased as the members were appointed by Secretary of State Stimson who wanted to deflect blame. It criticizes the work of historian Samuel Eliot Morison and author Roberta Wohlstetter for uncritically accepting the official narrative and ignoring evidence that senior officials in Washington shared responsibility for failing to warn Pearl Harbor.
Joseph halow innocent in dachau-the trial and punishment of franz kofler e...RareBooksnRecords
- The document describes the author's experience as a court reporter at the Dachau war crimes trials in Germany after World War II.
- As a reporter, the author witnessed the trial of Rudolf Merkel, a 15-year-old German boy sentenced to life in prison for striking an American pilot who had parachuted into his town, which deeply affected the author.
- Over time, the author came to believe that the trials he reported on did not achieve true justice and were biased against Germans, as they relied on motivated witnesses seeking revenge and there was evidence of coerced and exaggerated testimony against defendants.
James j. martin raphael lemkin and the invention of 'genocide' - journal of...RareBooksnRecords
Raphael Lemkin was a Polish-Jewish lawyer who coined the term "genocide" and campaigned for it to be recognized as an international crime. The document provides background on Lemkin's life and career prior to World War 2, including his work for the League of Nations promoting international laws and his escape from occupied Poland to the US in 1941. It notes that little is known about Lemkin's early life and activities during World War 1. The document also discusses Lemkin's numerous government positions in the US during World War 2 working on issues related to occupied territories and his publishing of his major work "Axis Rule in Occupied Europe" in 1944 which analyzed Nazi policies of oppression and first proposed the term "gen
The central-construction-office-of-the-waffen-ss-and-police-in-auschwitz-carl...RareBooksnRecords
The document outlines the reorganization of SS construction offices in June 1941, requiring them to be named "Central Construction Office of the Waffen-SS and Police [location]" and standardizing their organization and reporting structures, with the goal of providing continuous oversight of construction work across offices.
The gas-vans-a-critical-investigation-by-santiago-alvarez-and-pierre-maraisRareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview and summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas vans to exterminate victims during the Holocaust. It scrutinizes wartime documents, photos, witness statements from over 30 trials. The book asks whether evidence is reliable, documents genuine, and whether claimed operations could actually occur as described. It finds major issues with evidence that gas vans were used as mobile gas chambers to systematically murder people.
This document provides background on the historiography of Treblinka and outlines the key debates regarding whether it functioned as an extermination camp or a transit camp. According to official history, 700,000-3,000,000 Jews were gassed at Treblinka between 1942-1943. However, revisionist historians argue this narrative is untenable given a lack of documentation and the technical feasibility of mass gassings and cremations. The document examines different perspectives on Treblinka and sets up an analysis of the camp's likely function in later chapters.
Mattogno carlo the first gassing at auschwitz genesis of a myth - volume 9 ...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes the sources related to the alleged first gassing at Auschwitz in September 1941. It describes four eyewitness accounts and documents from the war period that reference an experiment using gas on around 850 Soviet prisoners of war. However, it notes that the details provided by witnesses differ and there is no documentary evidence. It aims to critically analyze the sources and methodology used to establish the myth of the first gassing.
To Zoe, Aliza, Liat, Andrew, Morgan:
I created this presentation with custom animation, which does not work with this website. HOWEVER, if you look near the top, above the presentation box, there is a link to download the powerpoint. Please download it and view the slideshow on Microsoft Powerpoint -- then you can actually read the text!
Thanks, and sorry for the inconvenience.
-Justine
In southern Poland lies the small town of Oswiecim, also known by its German name Auschwitz. During World War II, the Nazis established a concentration camp just outside the town. Between 1940 and 1945, as many as 3 million prisoners, mostly Jews and Poles, were systematically murdered at Auschwitz and the neighboring camp at Treblinka. After the war, the facilities at Auschwitz were turned into a Polish museum documenting the Nazi atrocities that occurred there.
The Nazi regime established over 10,000 concentration and forced labor camps across occupied Europe between 1933-1945. In occupied Poland, concentration camps served as places for mass murder of Jews and Polish elites. Six dedicated extermination camps were built in Poland for industrial scale genocide - Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek. These camps utilized gas chambers and gas vans to systematically murder millions of Jews transported there by rail. Concentration camps also subjected prisoners to horrific human experiments, starvation rations, beatings and disease. By 1945 over 11 million people had passed through the camp system, with over 6 million murdered in Polish territories alone, including
Gulag Presentation Natalia Keritsis April 15 2007KNatalia
The document provides an overview of the Gulag Archipelago in the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin from the 1910s to 1953. It describes how the Solovetsky monastery was converted into the first Gulag camp in the 1920s and how the system rapidly expanded, housing millions of prisoners through forced labor and brutal conditions. Harsh punishments including torture and public executions were used to maintain control over the prisoners. The worst camps were in remote areas like Kolyma in Siberia, where hundreds of thousands of prisoners died from starvation, overwork, and exposure. Many famous writers and intellectuals were imprisoned in the Gulag system during Stalin's purges. In total, it is estimated that around 60 million people passed through the
The document provides details about daily life at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during World War 2. It describes the main camps - Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II Birkenau, and Auschwitz III Buna-Monowitz. Birkenau functioned as both a concentration camp and extermination camp, housing prisoners and carrying out mass killings using gas chambers. The document outlines prisoner demographics, the timeline of prisoner transports and killings, and excerpts from the diary of SS doctor Johann Paul Kremer describing selections and gas chamber operations.
M. seleshko vinnytsia -- the katyn of ukraine - journal of historical revie...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an eyewitness account from a Ukrainian man about the mass graves discovered in Vinnytsia, Ukraine in 1943. It describes how a German commission, including the eyewitness as an interpreter, exhumed thousands of bodies from mass graves where the Soviet NKVD had buried victims. Many local Ukrainian residents identified clothes and belongings of family members they had been told were in exile. The eyewitness details several examples of women recognizing clothes or possessions of husbands who had been arrested but were actually among the executed victims. The account aims to reveal the scale of the tragedy and purge of enemies by the NKVD in Ukraine as preparation for war with Germany.
The document discusses King Haakon VII and Crown Prince Olav of Norway taking refuge in a forest during German bombings of Molde, Norway in 1940. Former Defense Minister Quisling demanded the king abdicate, but he refused. By 1941, the king and prince had set up residence in London along with leaders of other occupied countries. The document provides background on Quisling and his role in Norway during the German occupation in World War II.
Anthony Dragan. Vinnytsia: A Forgotten HolocaustВасиль Петренко
52-page Anthony Dragan Vinnytsia: A Forgotten Holocaust in pdf. Five excerpts can be read below:
1. After the mass arrests, relatives tried to secure some measure of "justice", but seeking "justice" in this system was in and of itself a crime. And so they did what they could — they kept vigil at the prison walls, went to the NKVD offices, and in their naiveté, even went so far as to write to Stalin himself, asking him to help them in finding and freeing their relatives. But in ninety nine out of a hundred cases, the response was that those arrested had been sentenced as "enemies of the people" and sent to far-off camps, "without the right to correspond". Some 10 thousand of these "enemies of the people," sent off to far-away camps, "without the right to correspond," were found, with their hands bound behind their backs and their skulls crushed, in the mass graves of Vinnytsia.
2. Out of the 169 female corpses that were exhumed, 49 were completely nude. According to the report of the medical commission, these were all women of young age, as were the majority of female corpses that were clad only in long shirts. This suggested, and was later borne out in testimony, that these women had been raped prior to being executed. Only the corpses of a few older women were found fully clothed. There were only a few cases where the female corpses were found with their hands bound.
3. All of the exhumed corpses showed signs of having been shot, most of them in the back of the head. The cause of death could not be determined only in those few cases where the corpse was damaged in the process of being exhumed. In most of the cases, bullets were found still embedded in the skulls. Many bore signs indicating that more than one bullet had been used: 6,360 victims were shot twice; 78 victims were shot three times; and two victims were shot four times; the remainder were either shot once, or the number of shots could not be determined. Some of the skulls were either bashed in or showed signs of having received severe blows, most likely, with a pistol. Some of the corpses had been shot in the forehead or in the temple.
4. As for the place of execution, the reports of the commission concurred with the accounts given by witnesses that, except for a very few, the victims were not executed at the site of the burial. This was confirmed by the absence of cartridges at the sites. The fact that few cartridges were found, and that only a few corpses were found on top of piles of clothing beneath which lay hundreds of corpses, indicates that only a few victims were executed directly at the burial spot.
5. The Nazi crimes have been investigated and documented by the Nuremberg Trials. Some of the countless crimes perpetrated by the Communist regime under Stalin's dictatorship were condemned by his own "advisers" and henchmen after his death.
Remembrance, Rescue, & Recovery: Going Home to PolandWarren Blumenfeld
This PowerPoint traces the journey of Dr. Warren J. Blumenfeld who traveled back to his ancestral home of Krosno, Poland to conduct genealogy and Holocaust research, and in doing so, he returned home to a place he had never been before.
The Tragedy of Vinnytsia materials on Stalin's policy of extermination in Ukr...Василь Петренко
The Vinnytsia massacre was a mass execution of (mostly ethnic Ukrainian) people in the Ukrainian town of Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in 1937–1938. Mass graves in Vinnytsia were discovered during the German occupation of Ukraine in 1943. The investigation of the site first conducted by the international Katyn Commission coincided with the discovery of a similar mass murder site of Polish prisoners of war in Katyn. Because the Germans utilized this evidence of Communist terror to discredit the Soviet Union internationally, it became one of the better researched sites of the politically motivated NKVD massacres among many in Ukraine.
The document presents illustrations by Auschwitz survivor Jan Komski depicting life in Nazi concentration camps. Komski was imprisoned in multiple camps including Auschwitz from 1940 to 1945. The illustrations show the starvation, suffering, and brutal treatment prisoners endured, including roll calls, punishment for infractions, collecting corpses, and liberation. After the war, Komski immigrated to the US and worked as an illustrator until his death in 2002 at age 87.
The document discusses the history of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp complex during World War II. It details how the city of Oswiecim, Poland was occupied by German forces in 1939 and incorporated into the Third Reich. During the war, Auschwitz consisted of the main camp along with subcamps including Auschwitz II-Birkenau and Auschwitz III-Monowitz. The camp held over 1 million victims, mostly Jews but also Poles and others. It was liberated by Soviet forces on January 27, 1945 but the camps remained in operation by the NKVD as prisoner camps until 1946. Auschwitz remains a symbol of the tragic mass destruction
Croatian introlerance history by ian stalcar furacSuzana Delic
The document discusses examples of intolerance and injustice in Croatian history, including concentration camps like Jasenovac where tens of thousands were killed during World War II. It also mentions Stara Gradiška camp, Jazovka pit where Croatian soldiers were killed, and Goli Otok prison island used by the communist regime. More recently, thousands were killed and went missing during the Croatian War of Independence in the 1990s, such as in the Vukovar massacre and Ovčara prison camp. The document concludes by stating Croatia will work to destroy injustice and create a fairer society.
Mainstream historians claim that the very first gassing of human beings at Auschwitz occurred on September 3, 1941 in the basement of Block 11. However, Carlo Mattogno's analysis of sources finds the accounts of this event to be contradictory and confusing regarding key details like the date, victims, and method. Mattogno argues there is no clear historical evidence that it took place as described.
The document provides information about Auschwitz concentration camp, including:
- It was the largest Nazi concentration camp established during World War II where over 1 million people, mostly Jews, were killed between 1940-1945.
- Prisoners were either killed in gas chambers using Zyklon-B gas or died from disease, malnutrition and brutal treatment by guards.
This document provides details about the liberation of Nazi concentration camps at the end of World War II. It describes the horrific conditions found at Buchenwald and Ohrdruf concentration camps, including thousands of emaciated corpses and barely living prisoners. High-ranking American generals including Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley visited Ohrdruf and were deeply disturbed by what they saw, with Patton vomiting in response. Eisenhower realized it was crucial for soldiers and the world to understand the atrocities being committed in the camps.
Similar to Louis fitz gibbon hidden aspects of the katyn massacre - journal of historical review volume 1 no.1 (20)
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This document contains the first of four technical reports authored by Fred Leuchter between 1988-1991 regarding the alleged homicidal gas chambers at Nazi camps. The First Leuchter Report provides an engineering analysis of the facilities at Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek and concludes there were no execution gas chambers at those locations based on forensic evidence. It is accompanied by introductions, critical remarks addressing the report's claims, and supporting documents. The subsequent Leuchter Reports examine other camps and critique a book supporting the gas chamber narrative. This edition aims to make the reports accessible again while addressing their claims through additional commentary.
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This document provides an introduction and summary of Arthur R. Butz's book "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century". The book argues that the presumed extermination of European Jews during World War II has not been proven and may be a hoax. Butz, a professor of electrical engineering, conducted a detailed analysis of Holocaust claims and evidence. Over 500 pages, he examines testimony from war crimes trials, demographic data, and technical aspects of the alleged gas chambers. Butz concludes that no solid evidence exists to confirm Nazi plans to exterminate Jews, and questions key pillars of the Holocaust narrative. The book caused major controversy upon publication for challenging mainstream views on the Holocaust.
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This document is a book review that critiques Raul Hilberg's seminal work "The Destruction of the European Jews". The review finds that while much of Hilberg's work rests on reliable sources, its title of "Destruction" is inaccurate and should have been "The Persecution of the European Jews". Additionally, the review notes inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony and a lack of documentation of an overarching Nazi policy of annihilation. The review aims to provide a reliable account of how the Holocaust allegedly occurred while also revealing the questionable evidence underlying the accepted narrative.
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This document provides a summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas chambers mounted on trucks to murder victims. It scrutinizes all known wartime documents, photos, and witness statements on this topic from over 30 trials. The result of the research is described as "mind-boggling." The book asks whether witness statements are reliable, documents are genuine, the claimed vehicles could have operated as described, and where physical evidence of victims and vehicles might be. It aims to get to the truth of the gas van claims through a critical analysis of all available evidence and testimony.
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This document provides an analysis and refutation of claims made by bloggers on the "Holocaust Controversies" blog regarding the "Aktion Reinhardt" camps - Bełzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. It is presented in two parts. Part one introduces the authors and their perspective, examines sources used by opponents to claim mass killings occurred at these camps, and outlines the propaganda origins of the "extermination camps" narrative. It questions official versions of events and Nazi policy. Part two will continue examining evidence for gas chambers and alleged mass killings through archeological evidence, witness testimony and evaluation of claims made by opponents. The authors aim to show flaws in arguments claiming mass killings took place.
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This document examines the alleged homicidal gas chambers known as the "Bunkers" at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. It argues that the story of the Bunkers originated from wartime rumors within the camp that were later transformed into propaganda by resistance groups. Historians then uncritically accepted witness testimony as fact. A thorough examination of tens of thousands of documents from the Auschwitz construction office finds no evidence that the Bunkers ever existed, contradicting their portrayal in historical accounts. The document aims to fill gaps in the official historiography by analyzing archival documents, construction reports, maps, and logistical considerations regarding the alleged Bunkers.
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This document provides an introduction and background to the study of the term "special treatment" as it was used in documents related to the Auschwitz concentration camp. It discusses how the term has traditionally been interpreted by historians as being a code word referring to the killing of inmates. However, the author argues that the term had a variety of meanings depending on the context, and was not always a reference to killing. The document outlines how the author will analyze original documents to understand the actual meaning of "special treatment" and related terms, rather than relying on predetermined assumptions. It aims to show that "special treatment" was a normal bureaucratic concept rather than a code word for murder.
This document provides a summary of a book that critically analyzes claims about the Sobibor camp. It questions the mainstream historiography of Sobibor and argues that evidence does not support the claim that it was an extermination camp where 170,000-250,000 Jews were gassed and buried in mass graves. The book examines eyewitness testimony, documents, archeological evidence, and material evidence like fuel requirements for mass cremations. It concludes that Sobibor was likely a transit camp where Jews were temporarily housed before being deported east, challenging the notion that it was a site of industrialized mass murder.
This document is a book that presents lectures on controversial issues related to the Holocaust. It aims to introduce readers to Holocaust revisionist arguments and counterarguments in an accessible dialogue format. Over 500 pages, it examines topics such as Holocaust propaganda, missing Jews, survivor testimonies, documentary evidence from camps like Auschwitz, and censorship of revisionist ideas. The editor's preface discusses why Holocaust revisionism remains an important subject that powerful groups seek to suppress.
The document discusses Jewish emigration from Germany in the 1930s. It makes three key points:
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2) Emigration occurred through a lawful, regulated process with cooperation between German and Jewish authorities, not as a clandestine flight as sometimes portrayed. Jews received help and advice from both sides.
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This document is Germar Rudolf's address to the Mannheim District Court from November 15, 2006 to January 29, 2007. It discusses Rudolf's peaceful resistance against what he sees as an unjust prosecution for his scientific work questioning aspects of the Holocaust narrative. The document covers scientific, judicial, and legal considerations and argues that resistance against an oppressive state is obligatory. It includes appendices with expert assessments supporting Rudolf's work, documentation of the court proceedings, and illustrations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concentration camp at Majdanek in Poland. It discusses how Majdanek has been portrayed in official Western historiography, Polish historiography, and revisionist literature. Official Western sources claim Majdanek served as both a labor and extermination camp, where Jews were gassed upon arrival if deemed unfit for work. However, Western historiography has largely neglected detailed study of Majdanek. Polish sources also claim mass murder occurred at Majdanek through gassing and other means. Revisionist literature disputes claims of mass extermination and argues the camp functioned primarily as a labor camp. The document aims to provide an objective, evidence-based study of Majdanek through analysis
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
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An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Louis fitz gibbon hidden aspects of the katyn massacre - journal of historical review volume 1 no.1
1. Hidden Aspects of the
Katyn Massacre
"The Lost 10,000"
Louis FitzGibbon
In his magnum opus, Gulag Archipelago Solzhenitsyn
says:
"Theytook those who were too independent,too influen-
tial, too noteworthy;they took particularlymany Poles from
formerPolishprovinces.(Itwas then thatill-fatedKatyn was
filled up; and then too that in the northern camps they
stockpiled fodder for the future army of Sikorski and
Anders)".
But 'Katyn' is a collectiveword used to embrace not only
those 4,500 found in the forest of that name, but a further
10,000 murdered at the same time. These were the men
imprisoned at Starobielsk Camp (about 4,000) and at Os-
tashkow Camp (about6,000).It is customaryto refer to them
briefly as "the other 10,000-whose whereabouts have re-
mained a mystery." But 10,000murdered prisoners cannot
be dismissed in so short a sentence. This figure represents
perhaps the total population of a sizeabletown or,if seen as
anarmyadvancingacrossthe plain it would appear a mighty
host indeed. One thing is certain: just as no word ever came
fromthe4,500Poles in Kozielskcamp afterMay 1940,sotoo
was nothing again heard after that date from the 4,000 in
Starobielsk camp, nor from the 6,000 in Ostashkow camp.
They could not just vanish, and their bodies must be some-
where. But where?
At thispoint itisinterestingtonotethatwhentheGermans
'firstuncovered the corpsesin Katyn forestthey gaveoutthat
they had found 11,000. They did this for propaganda pur-
poses and later amended the figure to the true one of 4,254.
However, the Soviets also used the figure of 11,000 when
trying to pin Katyn on Herman Gaering at Nnremberg, but
2. 32 JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL REVIEW
there was a far more cynical reason. After all the Soviets
knew the true figureas they had carried out the massacre.But
they quoted 11,000at Nuremberg in an effort to smudge the
truth and somehow 'loose' the victims from Starobielsk and
Ostashkow. As most people now know the Soviet accusation
about Katyn fell to the ground and it is a matter for interna-
tional shame that the whole subject was dropped and no
mention of Katyn appears in the final judgement of the
Nuremberg trials. So in this strange way some 10,000 men
were seemingly made to disappear as if they had never
existed at all. It is for that reason that I have entitled this
lecture: "The Lost 10,000."
No Historical Review would be complete until every effort
has been made to unravel this man-made mystery, com-
pounded as it is by the cowardice of the international com-
munity in creating the "cover-up" which has banned the
whole subject of Katyn from the pages of readily available
records. But in the very name of humanity these lost men
must be found;the manner of their passing must be recorded
and proclaimed, and they must be given back their rightful
places in the annals of time. To achieve this should be a
solemn duty with any positive and sincere research body in
the name of Truth as well as in the name of Compassion.
Now I have said that most of the prisoners from Kozielsk
Camp were murdered in Katyn forest; in fact the number of
corpses was 4,254 + 1 making 4,255. It is known that 245
were capriciously spared so that we arrive at the correct
number originally imprisoned in that camp, which was
4,500. We must now consider the numbers spared from the
other two camps, and they are as follows:
......From Ostashkow Camp .I24
From Starobielsk Camp ........79
Thus of the 6,500originally imprisoned in Ostashkow Camp
6,376were murdered,and of the 3,920 originally imprisoned
in Starobielsk Camp, 3,841 were murdered. If we now add
theselast twototals of victims together wearrive ata.figureof
10,217-and that is the matter we are considering today.
3. JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW
10,217Polish prisoners eachindividuallyshot in theback of
the head by the Soviet NKVD in the Spring of 1940. Re-
member also that the Russian attackupon Poland of 17 Sep-
tember 1939was all over by 28 September in that year, and
recallthat the Germans did not attackthe SovietUnion until
June of 1941. Spring 1940 was, therefore, 'peacetime' in
Russia-and this makes the massacre all the more cold-
blooded and calculated. But it was, as we know,a deliberate
attempt to cut off the flower of Poland by liquidating the
leaderssoastoleavetheremainderof thepopulationrudder-
less. Such an act is known by no other na& than Genocide!
In this casenot onlyunpunished,but alsounmentioned! We
must now return to the two camps at Starobielsk and Os-
tashkowasbeingthelastplacesknownfor certainin connec-
tion with the "lost 10,000."
On 5 April 1940thesenior Polish officerat Starobielskwas
a MajorNiewiarowski and at 9:00 a.m. on that daythe Soviet
camp commander Lt. Colonel Boreshkov, with Kirshov,the
political commissak, called on Niewiarowski and told him
that the camp was being wound up and that onthe sameday
the first batch of officer-prisoners numbering 195 was to
leave.
"Where to?" asked Major Niewiarowski.
"Where ...?" Boreshkov drawled his answer, "Home! To
your own homes. You will be sentfirst to transit camps,and
then-to where you came from; to your wives." Then he
laughed. And from then on, transports were sent out daily
afterroll-callsinBlock20.Thedailygroupsvariedfrom60to
240 persons. One day while all this was going on a Lt.
Mlynarski asked Boreshkov: "Why do you send us away in
groups of 240 at the most? Having brought us all here in
thousands, you could surely send us back the same way?"
"We can't," he replied. "The whole world is at war. We
have to be ready too. We cannot spare the transport."
On26 Aprilthetransportswerestoppeduntil 2 Maywhen
again a certain number were sent off. There was another
delay until 8, 11and 12 May on which days the last bans-
ports left Starobielskcamp, and it had been noted that each
daily group had been selected from many different prison
blocks and nevm included groups of friends but in total
4. JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL REVIEW
comprised men unknown to each other. This was brought to
the notice of the Camp Commander who always replied to
the effect that it did not matter as all the prisoners would
meet up again in thetransit camps. It appearsthat on 25 April
one group of 63 was herded into railway trucks and sent to
Voroshilovgrad and from there to Kharkov, where the train
was held up. One of the prisoners managed to poke his head
through a gap in the door and speak to a railway worker who
was tapping the wheels with a hammer.
"Comrade," whispered the prisoner, "is this Kharkov?"
"Da-Yes, Kharkov. Prepare to leave the train. This is
where all 'yours' are unloaded and sent further in vehicles."
"Where to?" asked the prisoner.
The railway worker shrugged his shoulders,spat between
the wheels and said no more.
Sometimes in history disjointed snippets of information
drift in like flotsam, and one such is a report that when the
Germans were later being driven back from the Kharkov area
Russian shells were bursting north of the town. It is said that
one barrage of exploding shells caused "corpses to fly in the
air, as if from some burial ground." There is no further
corroboration to this item.
It is now time to turn to the camp at Ostashkow which was
in a disused monastery in the middle of a lake, joined to the
mainland by a bridge. From there too, after 4 April 1940,
groups of prisoners were formed and similarly assured that
they were being sent home. We have seen that 124 were
capriciously spared of the total 6,500.Where did the rest go?
Senior Constable of the Polish Police Forces, A. Woronecki,
related a story of a conversation he had with one of the camp
guards who, in exchange for a pinch of foul black Soviet
tobacco, agreed to "let the secret out."
"You will never see your comrades again...."
"Why-where are they?"
"It isn't true that they are sent home. Neither were they
sent to labor camps,"
"Well, then ...what is the truth?"
The guard smoothed outa scrap of newspaper, inserted the
5. JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW
tobacco,and rolled a cigarette. He inhaled the first puffand
said:
"They have drowned them all...."
Military Police Sergeant J.B. who was also a prisoner at
Ostashkow, confirmed everything related by others-the
prisoner transports always comprised groups of between 60
and 300 men. One day he wandered into the camp bakery
wherehewas onfriendlytermswithNikityn,the chiefbaker.
"Where are they sending us? Do you know?"
"Na sievier, braktu (To the north, my friend). They are
sending you somewhere to the North" answered Nikityn.
On 28 April 1940 this Sergeant was in a group of 300
leaving the camp. And they went northwards along the
Leningrad line. At Bologoye, his truck with others was de-
tached and sent off in the direction of Rhzev, while the
remainder could be seen still standing at Bologoye..
So here, at least, are two place names: Kharkov and
Bologoye. We are, perhaps, getting closer to the solution. It
I must now be recalled that after the German attack on Russia
of 1941the Soviets were rolled back almost to the gates of
Moscow and, in desperation, sought everywhere and any-
how to find the means to halt the advances of the
Wehrmacht. Onesuch solution was toforman armyfromthe
1%million Poles they had fed into the Gulag Archipelago.
This army,under the commandof GeneralAnders,had come
together as Poles dragged themselves across Siberiato join.
They came from all parts of Russia-weary, suffering from
1 dysentery and emaciated from their sufferings. But all were
private soldiers; the officers were missing! General Anders
set up a special office to try and trace these officers,and it
1 was in that office that a list of the missing was compiled.
On 26 April 1943,a woman named Katarzyna Gasziecka,
reportedto the office. Shewas the wife of one of the missing
1 officers,and she had this to say:
I In June1941,among a crowd of 4,000 men and women all
I
deportedfromPoland,I was shippedoverthe White Sea.We
weresailingfromArkangeltotheestuaryof theriverPeczora.
Theyweresendingusforfurtherslavelaborandmisery,andI
was sitting on the deck of thebarge. I feltabitter yearning to
6. 36 JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW
be free; to return to Poland, and to see my husband again-I
began to cry. This attracted the attention of a young Russian
soldier who came over and asked me what was the matter, to
which I replied:
"My fate. Is it also forbidden in your country to cry? I am
crying also over my husband's fate."
"And who was he?"
"A Captain."
The Bolshevik burst into scornful laughter.
"Your tears won't help him anymore. All your officers were
drowned here. In this very sea.'' Then he cruelly told me that
he himself had taken part in the convoy which had trans-
ported about 7,000 people, mostly Polish officers and mem-
bers of the Polish police. They had been towed out in two
barges which were later cut adrift and sunk. "All went
straight to the bottom." He went away, but another Russian,
not a soldier but a barge crewman,came to me. He tried to say
something comforting and ended:
"It is true what you have just heard. I also saw it with my
own eyes. The barge crew was taken off into the towing ship.
The barges had been pierced through. It was an awful sight.
No one could have saved himself."
This theory of the prisoners from Ostashkow being
drowned in the White Sea is the onewhich most Poles know,
and which many believe. The train route to the White Sea
leads from Ostashkow through Bologoye. But it was also
known that many thousands of Poles had been sentNorth,all
to work as slavelaborers on the new railway system,and they
had not been officers. Indeed many of these private soldiers
found their way back to join General Anders' Army.
Logically this theory of drowning in the White Sea does
not stand up. The liquidation of the three camps at Kozielsk,
Starobielsk and Ostashkow was centrally planned, and as we
know, the inmates of Kozielsk were taken to the nearest
convenientlysecret place,and there shot-at Katyn. Further,
evidence and commonsense points to the fact that it would
be militarily better to take the prisoners by train to a railway
station nearest to the place of execution and transport them
thence by automobile or truck. To take many thousands of
prisoners hundreds of miles to the White Sea was to risk
escapes and the operation being witnessed by too many of
the local population. However the transport of the prisoners
7. JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW
from Starobielsk camp to Kharkov by train does fit in with
the Katyn plan and thus there is reasan to suppose that the
Ostashkow prisoners were dealt with in a similar way-
1 meaning that they were taken by train to Bologoye and
thence by diesel truck to some nearby wood for extermina-
tion.
i This is as far as speculation amongstPoles of my acquain-
tance goes-10,000 men buried; piles of corpses, one above
1 another, compressed into a liquifying mass of putrefacation,
3 just as at Katyn-but over twice as many. The mind is stun-
) ned at the thought of these two mass-burialplaces, probably
alike in every way to the mass graves at Katyn. Men with
bullet holes in the backs of their heads-some with their
hands tied; some with sawdust stuffedinto their mouths to
prevent them crying out. A scene of horror and satanic pur-
pose!
But there was another clue. On 14May 1962Congressman
Derwinslcy made a significant speech in the House of Rep-
resentatives in which he tried to establish a special House
Committee on Captive Nations and used as his main argu-
I menttheKatyn caseand thefindingsofthe SelectCommittee
I of 1952.He referred to a resolution passed in 1949 by the
1
National Council of thePolish Republicon the motion of the
Polish Government-in-Exile. This resolution expressed
I gratificationthat the initiative for an independent investiga-
1 tion of the Katyn massacre had been undertaken in the Un-
ited States, and expressed confidence that:
"peoplewith sufficient moral strength would be found in
, thefreeworld,abletobeartheburdenof struggleforthetruth
and to wage this struggle victoriously."
He told Congress how the Sovietshad refused to take part
in the Select Committeeof 1952and quoted their Memoran-
dum dated 29 February 1952:
"The question of the Katyn crimehad been investigatedin
1944 by an official commission, and it was establishedthat
the Katyn case was the work of Hitlerite criminals,as was
made public in the press on 26 January1944.For 8 years the
Government of the United Statesdidnotraise any objections
to such conclusion of the Commission until recently,"
Congressman Derwinsky went on to quote the words of
8. 38 JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL REVIEW
Representative Madden who, in 1952, addressed a mass
meeting of Poles in London and, inter alia, said:
"Katyn is not only a Polish issue, but one that affects the
conscience of the entire civilized world being at the same
time a threat to this world."
Continuing his speech, Congressman Derwinsky then
made a statement of great significance, albeit that it was
somehow not singled out for special attention at the time. He
referred to the publication in 1957 of a Secret Soviet docu-
ment in a German weekly periodical. Giving the date of the
document as 10 June 1940,it was said to contain details of
how the three camps (Kozielsk,Starobielsk and Ostashkow)
were wound up, and thus contained the solution to the
mystery which has bothered so many, and which we are
discussing today, namely the whereabouts of "the other
10,000" who were not found in the death-pits of Katyn.
In 1974 I was actively engaged, as Hon. Secretary, on the
work of the Katyn Memorial Fund, and thus was once more
contemplating the whole ghastly story. Not forthe firsttime I
was filled with a smoldering rage that no nation had forced
this issue to the attention of an international tribunal, but
instead had allowed the Katyn case to fade away or had
participated in the vast cover-up which somany havebeen at
pains to create. And again I found myself pondering the
mystery of the "lost 10,000." Somehow these men must be
found-but how? And then I re-read Congressman Derwins-
ky's speech of 1962 and suddenly the Secret Report of 10
June1940seemed to jump out of the page as if highlighted in
heavy type. This Report must be found even if it was pub-
lished in 1957-some 17 years previously. But again, how
was this nebulous reference to be tracked down?
I made numerous enquiries amongst my many Polish
friends, and although some had vaguely heard of the Report
none could give a clue as to how it was to be traced, and
certainly none had ever seen it. I was astonished to find that
no one seemed to have even made any effort to trace this
obviously most important document,relating as it appeared
to over twice the number of victims as were found at Katyn.
Now all during the work of the KatynMemorial Fund quiet
9. JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL m W
encouragementhad been offered by the GermanEmbassy in
London and on several occasions I was privileged to have
conversations with Herr Karl Gunthervon Hase,the Ambas-
sador. He knew what the SovietNKVD were like for he had
been captured at Stalingrad after which he had spent five
years in a Russian prisoner-of-war camp at Vologda, and he
had said to me that ifthere was anything he could ever doto
help he would be pleased to do so. At the time I overlooked
this kind offerasI did not then seewhat he could do,but now
his words cameback to me with startling clarity. The Secret
SovietReport was published in aGerman weekly newspaper
calledSieben Tage (SevenDays)and presumablya copy ofit
must exist somewhere in Germany. Who better to trace it
than the German Ambassador? I approached him with my
request immediately.
At first he was hesitant, but I pointed out that it had been
theGermanswhohad discoveredthe mass gravesof Katynin
1943sowhy not completethe exerciseand discoverthevital
clueto "The Other 10,000." He took the point and promised
to make enquiries.
Timepassed and Iheard no more. Imade a further enquiry
and was told thatSieben Tagehad been out of print for many
yearsand,as a publication, was now defunct.Nevertheless,I
was informed, investigations were going on for the the
methodicalGermansfeltsurethat acopyof therelevantissue
must be on file somewhere.
And then late in aDecember evening of that same 1974the
GermanPress attache telephoned meto saythat a photocopy
of the vital page was onhis desk at that moment. I grabbed a
taxiand drovestraighttotheGermanEmbassyat 23Belgrave
Square.Likeaman whose spadehits metalin atreasurehunt
Ifelta greatthrill of expectation.And then, quite suddenly,I
had thereport in my hand. Was it authentic? Why was it that
only this insignificant and now defunct weekly paper had
published it?
I showed a copy to a friend who is the CommunistAffairs
correspondent of the British Daily Telegraph and after exa-
mining the photocopy report and the rubber stamps unpon
10. 40 JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW
it, he pronounced that in his opinion it was genuine. The
answer to the second question as to why it had not received
greater publicity lay in the fact that in 1957the war had been
over only twelve years and the greatmass of guilt piled upon
the German nation still lay heavy and leaden upon all. Ger-
mans just did not want to hear any more about massacres,
mass-graves,war crimes or even the war. Further mention of
Katyn would inevitably bring down a hail of abuse based on
the "Holocaust" story and thus it was best left alone. Such
had been Allied propaganda that even some Germans
thought they were responsible for Katyn and not the Soviets.
In view of all this it seemed reasonable to suppose that this
was the reason why the Report was never fully publicized
nor followedup. But the Secret SovietReport is probably one
of the most significant documents in recent history and it
should be re-printed a million times over. Copies should be
sent to every international jurist and every responsible
politician. It stands as a terrible indictment of a most hor-
rendous crime committed in peace-time against defenseless
prisoners-of-war as a gross act of Genocide and one of the
darkest chapters of recent centuries.
Here, then, is the text of the Report:
Secret!
Union of the Socialist Soviet Republics.
People's Commissariat for
Internal Affairs.
Headquarters of the NKVD.
region of Minsk.
(Department.....)
10 June 1940
To: The Headquarters of
the NKVD Moscow.
Official Report
By Order of the Headquarters of the NKVD of February 12,
1940 the liquidation of the three Polish prisoner-of-war
11. JOURNALOF HISTORICAL REVIEW 41
campswas carriedoutin the regionsof thetowns of Kozielsk,
Ostaschkovo and Starobyelsk. The operation of liquidating
theabovethreenamedcampswas completedon6Juneof that
year. Comrade Burjanoff, who had been seconded from the
Central Office, was appointed to be in charge.
Under the above-mentioned Order the camp at Kozielsk
was liquidated first of all by the security forces of the Minsk
headquarters of the NKVD in the area of the city of Smolensk
duringthe period between 1Marchand 3 May of thatyear. As
securityforcesterritorial troops,in part from the 190thRifle
Regiment were employed.
The Second action under the above Order was carried out
inthearea of thetown of Bologoyebythesecurityforcesof the
SmolenskheadquartersoftheNKVD,and wasalsocoveredby
troops of the 129thRifle Regiment (VelikeLuki);it was com-
pleted by 5Juneof that year.TheCharkowheadquartersof the
NKVD was entrusted with carrying out the third liquidation
ofthe camp of Starobyelsk.It was carriedoutinthearea of the
Dergachi settlement with the assistanceof security forces of
the 68th Ukrainian Rifle Regiment ofthe territorial troops on
2 June.In this case the responsibility and leadership in this
action was entrusted to the NKVD Colonel B. Kutschov.
A copy of this report is being sent simultaneously to the ,
NKVD GeneralsRaichmann and Saburin for their attention.
The OrganizationalHead of the Office of
the NKVD, area of Minsk:
TARTAKOW.
I Thus, if the report isauthentic (and what reason is there to
suppose it is not?) the riddle is solved.
4,254 Polish prisoners were shot at Katyn.
3,841 were shot at Dergacki, near Kharkov and
6,376 were shot near Bologoye
a total of 14,471-and none of them have received an iota of
justice nor has any man paid anything forthis most dastardly
crime!
At this time, in September 1979, we are nearly at the
forti& W v r s a r y of the Soviet inviision of Poland; an
12. 42 IOURNAL OF HISTORICAL REVIEW
invasion which led to the deportation of ll/z million Poles
eastwards from whom the cream was skimmed and brutally
murdered. It seems an appropriate moment again to call for
an international pronouncement on the Katyn massacre for
one thing is certain; the case will never die until that pro-
nouncement is made and the perpetrators condemned.
Neither will history be complete until those missing
thousands are restored to their rightful place within it. It is a
solemn duty to put this matter to rights. No one can bring
back the dead but at least this awful chapter must no longer
be covered up, as it has been to the eternal shame of human
conscience. I call, therefore, for a fresh investigation in the
forthcoming twelve months sothat the year 1980,thefortieth
anniversary of the Katyn Crime may bear as fruit an awaken-
ing of public desire for Truth such as will lead to the missing
judgement in this case. This call for justice should best come
from a country which for solong has cherished Freedom and
Justice-the United States of America.