course material

1. LONU046 International Hospitality And Tourism Management
Answer:
Introduction
With the world cups transforming into a reserved memory and the rise of club competitions
remaining in full swing, it has become essential to consider these kinds of events to be
separate and distinct. Any mega-event like the FIFA World Cup has several outcomes and
has the potential to render impact on a national, international, and local basis. The
stakeholders act as the key participants for any event like the one going to be discussed
with the help of this research paper. As events like this move throughout the globe with
constant monitoring and jurisdiction by FIFA, it cannot be held in a vacuum (Popova 2019).
These events have a global impact and allow different opportunities in the form of allowing
the fans to interact with their sports idols and manifest simple ideas in an international
context.
The purpose of preparing this research report is to highlight the impact of different
fundamental changes that happen to any host country and concerning the infrastructure
and the environmental aspects in terms of national, international, and local basis. With the
help of this research paper, a deep analysis about several outcomes upon the stakeholders
associated with any mega-event like "FIFA World Cup".
Critical Evaluation About Key Impacts
International tournaments create different dynamics and relationships depending upon the
national, local or international context that we rise from competitive level and varied
political context. Mega-events like this have always acted as a vehicle to create a national
identity on a long-term basis. Global events like these are considered to be an arena where
different nations can compete with one another without any sort of War and it can be
fencing that international SMEs"s can overflow easily with symbols like anthems, flags, team
uniforms, images of fans, and many more. These kinds of events would also create a
successful symbolic opportunity to boost international competition and present any nation
in the form of a successful and physical entity. The outcomes of any event towards the local,
national or international context exist in varied forms, be it positive or negative. It is
essential to implement steps to combat the negative outcomes and create a path for

2. enabling the positive outcomes to grow more.
The multiplier effect remains effective in measuring different types of impact towards the
income, output analysis, and employment levels, thus acting as the final demand.
Expenditure patterns of the visitors coming from outside destinations can be easily
identified thus the creation of "direct economic impact" is noticed. Enhancement in the total
number of customers at various service or commodity shops, hotels, restaurants is also
noticed. An increase in output level associated with commodity services where producers
continuously try to meet the increased requirements can be figured out. With producers
enhancing their output levels, an automatic increase is noticed within the supply-demand
that can soon be considered an indirect effect within the local community. Finally, the
induced effect resulting from the increased proportion of income spent on acquiring any
service or final goods is also noticed. The ability to quantify these effects is very crucial to
carry out the screening process in a local context very effectively.
Impact On A Local Context
The creation of events like FIFA is often regarded as critical in different local economies
because it attracts event visitors from varied destinations, thus further inducing the
spending within any particular community. Mega-events like this require moderate
amounts of capital, a relatively high amount of support and energy from the local
communities, and lastly, the average quality of skills to make the event highly successful.
Considering different types of impact, it can be seen that economic features are the most
desired kind of impact noticed by the local community (Bondarik et al. 2020). These types
of mega-events play a key role in uplifting the economic condition of any original local
economy by generating a significant number of jobs and income. Inflows of high amounts of
money are noticed within any local economy. The economic output-input analysis helps
calculate the induced or the indirect effects, commonly falling under the category of
multiplier effects.
Impact Upon The National Context
A huge amount of revenue extractions in advertising and tourism makes the host country of
any particular mega-event like the one discussed in this research paper boost the
economies at a severe rate. Apart from this, constant globalisation has emphasised the
importance of indulging in Foreign Direct Investments especially in the hosting country, if
that falls under the category of developing nations (Ross and Orr 2021). Cultural impacts
can be identified to exist in celebrating and strengthening the national identity amongst the
visitors. Events like this scatter the arena of the tourism industry, thus fetching huge
amounts of economic benefits to the hosting nation.
With globalisation in the surge, it has become mandatory for every country to keep a check
on the environmental issues and adopt measures to combat them at the earliest. Therefore,

3. these kinds of events might lead to faulty constructions, usage of energy at a severe scale,
use of transport in high numbers, adding to the pollution level within the atmosphere. Such
kinds of adverse actions create heavy impact and add to the environmental issues in the
form of climatic changes or minimisation of different essential natural resources.
Impact Upon The International Context
Different nations utilise their own political and civil society engagement during mega-
events like FIFA. Such confrontational approaches have become a symbol of ultras style
within varied canvases of the countries. The international impact can be identified in broad
transnational similarities and does not provide any clear leadership or strategic approaches
concerning performative choreographies, public marches, and banners. A high rate of
hooliganism within different international tournaments can be identified as one area that
has never escaped the arena of academic analysis. Colloquially hooliganism gradually
transformed as an inextricable event. The figuration and analysis performed by various
researchers identified these impacts resulting from poor social identity and on the verge of
a social psychological fandom base analysed with context to crowd dynamics at a certain
match.
Events that happen in a global context often accumulate fans from different parts of the
globe or continents and restore the challenge or debate on a wider context by considering
the ethical issues, Police repressions, and highlighting effective contributions from female
fans. Development of transnational fan clubs that help influence any professionalised global
events and also remains helpful in the creation of further campaigns interventions by
identifying similarity’s themes or any differences to support any kind of fan activists are
some of the impacts noticed on international context (Naheem, 2018). Apart from the
economic, political transformations, or hooliganism, a few other aspects might result in an
international context. Such effects result in a variety of commercialisation football
securitisation at various liminal spaces, with traditional boundaries and temporary
rivalries. Lastly, the impact that fans create during stadium redevelopment also remains a
significant effect. Limited awareness about the behaviour of the fans necessitates the
intervention of Liaison officers and varied projects to keep the fans engaged.
Analysis Of The Key Legacies And Management
Managing The Economic Legacies
The foremost objective is to consider how to be followed to organise the expenses.
Conducting any mega-event requires a huge amount of wealth that must be organized and
spun very accurately—managing the investment. This is another important area that must
be monitored efficiently because during the pre-stage of any event investments in different
activities remain mandatory. The idea is to allow the event to get organised very efficiently
(Doidge et al. 2019). Strengthening the financial sources must be guaranteed to the
optimum level. Follow the steps of conquering and dividing. Lastly, it is essential to keep a

4. check upon the emotions. As there might be situations where emotional breakdown might
occur due to poor performance of the managing team, hence it is very crucial to keep a
check upon the economic legacies.
Managing the environmental legacies
Any mega-event requires different socio-ecological long-term consequences to remain in
the best shape. Human interactions towards the environment must remain positive because
during any event, people focus upon indulging in any event and don't care about the
negative consequences that might occur to nature (Leopkey, B. and Ellis, 2019). Shaping up
the environmental trajectories is also very crucial because without so, the hosting country
might land in deep trouble. The climatic conditions of the adjoining area of the event might
get disturbed which would not leave a positive message to the countries who are in line to
host any mega-event like this sort. Instructions to the visitors about the way they must
participate in the event and do’s and the don'ts remain to some of the most crucial concerns
of the host country.
Managing The Environmental, Economic, And Social Legacies
Focusing on cohesion in the community is essential during any mega-event like this.
Improved accessibility is essential because mega-events like this symbolise the gathering of
huge amounts of people in one place. Different programs that guarantee the completion of
the event successfully are essential. Looking after the health issues and the sanitation
facilities are some of the most important social legacies that must be kept in mind to combat
any adverse situation at the earliest.
Enhanced volunteerism is also crucial to guide the visitors effectively and enable them to
understand the rules and regulations associated with the event.
Managing Of Different Tourism Legacies
Food And Accommodation Services
Restaurants: Food-related operations are still restricted, even as barriers are relaxed. But
the restaurant businesses suffered a lot (Camerin, F. and Longato, 2021). Hence, several
nations mandated restaurant and catering service providers to promote social distancing in
dining facilities, restrict their operation to deliveries exclusively in specific cases, or
completely shut down operations.
Shared Accommodation Services: COVID reportedly strains shared accommodation
services, with reports of a drop in rental reservations. Air travel laid off 25% of its
employees in 2020 (Khalid et al. 2021)
Hotels: Establishments all across the globe have reported extremely low occupancy or were

5. compelled to shut in big numbers. Prominent hotel chains' stock values have plunged. This
was expected approximately 76percent of European hotels would be closed. Numerous
forms of community accommodation, such as hostels, may be jeopardised in the long haul.
Transport And Tour Operators
Railways: Railways are losing a lot of money and attracting many tourists because
workforce mobility is regulated or barred, even in countries where limitations are being
eased.
Cruise: A few cruises' inabilities to disperse and reimburse passengers, cruise lines had
been confronted with the challenge of ensuring guest and crew security whilst also
jeopardising bookings and revenues (Üngüren and Güçlü 2021).
Aviation: Airways resorted to reduce significantly, so in some cases, halt and revoke their
planes and activities, inflicting hardship on employees and reliant companies in the short-
term.
Communication Of Ideas
Communication of the ideas is crucial because it allows proper collaboration among
different sets of people and enables the successful completion of any globalised event like
this. Such types of strategies remain in the following forms:
a) Involving Stakeholders: Focusing on stakeholders' interests and priorities is a crucial
component of destination management for building credibility and facilitating interaction
(Kristinae et al. 2020). Experts from specified countries, cities, towns, or states, restaurants,
hotels, eateries, marketplaces, tour operators, and travel agencies are the stakeholders.
b) Social Media Strategies: Sites such as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube are perfect for
reaching out to consumers and promoting their trips. The range of destination management
strategies accessible here is nearly endless, ranging from conventional promotional
postings, photos, and streaming video to challenges and possibly even viral multimedia or
meme material.
c) Official Websites: Irrespective of why they are travelling, many people today utilise the
internet to study their location before making a reservation. A destination webpage is an
excellent way to highlight USPs (Cambra-Fierro et al. 2022), engage directly with the
targeted audience, and market the event destination including photos, multimedia, even
augmented reality excursions.
Conclusion
Conducting any mega-event passes through several essential stages to be scrutinised
effectively to avoid any adverse situation. For any event, stakeholders remain the main
partners who are directly or indirectly responsible for the successful completion of the

6. event. The basic idea is to manage different types of economic, social, and environmental
legacies efficiently and render necessary efforts to perform them in a very crucial way. This
research paper will allow the users to gain necessary ideas in handling any mega-event like
the one discussed in this assignment.
References
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