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1
2
Denominazioni
• Euskadi
• Euskal Herria
3
Suddivisioni
• Hego Euskal Herria – Hegoalde
(Sud), province in territorio spagnolo
• Ipar Euskal Herria – Iparralde (Nord),
province in territorio francese
4
Comunità Autonoma Basca
le tre province di Araba,
Bizkaia e Gipuzkoa – nel
loro insieme denominate
provincias vascongadas –,
che formano una delle
diciassette Comunidades
Autónomas dello Stato
spagnolo, la Comunidad
Autónoma Vasca (CAV),
creata con lo Statuto del
1979 (Statuto di Gernika)
ai sensi della Costituzione
del 1978
5
Nafarroa (Navarra)
la Nafarroa garaia
(“Navarra” in castigliano),
che forma una Comunidad
Autónoma uniprovinciale –
sempre all’interno dello
Stato spagnolo –, la
Comunidad Foral de
Navarra (CFN), creata con
la Ley Orgánica de
Amejoramiento de los
Fueros Navarros del 1982,
uno Statuto di iniziativa
parlamentare non
sottoposto a referendum;
6
Iparralde
i tre territori di Lapurdi,
Nafarroa beherea e Zuberoa
– acquisiti dalla Francia con
il Trattato dei Pirenei del
1660 –, che dal 1790 fanno
parte, insieme al territorio
non basco del Béarn, del
Dipartimento dei Pirenei
Atlantici, compreso, dal
1982, nella regione Aquitana
7
8
9
Elementi differenzianti
• Lingua basca (euskera, euskara)
• Diritto forale
• Complesso rituale e festivo
10
Euskera
Lingua non indeuropea, di origine incerta, e di
diffusione prevalentemente orale fino ad epoche
recenti
11
Bernart Etxepare
Linguae Vasconum
Primitiae
1545
Primo libro in euskera
12
Dialetti (euskalkiak)
13
Koldo Zuazo
14
Euskara Batua (unificato)
Aranzazu, 1968
15
Koldo Mitxelena José Luis Alvarez “Txillardegi”
16
Evoluzione della popolazione bilingue attiva, 1991-2011 (% sulla
popolazione con età maggiore o uguale ai 16 anni)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1991 2011
Cav Navarra Iparralde Euskal Herria
Fonte: V Encuesta Sociolingüística. Viceconsejería de Política Lingüística, Gobierno Vasco,
2011, www.euskadi.net
17
Distribuzione studenti per modello linguistico, età 3-18, CAV (1985-
2013)
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
1985-86 1990-91 2005-06 2012-13
Model A Model B Model D
Fonte: Eustat
18
Distribuzione studenti per modello linguistico, età 3-16, Navarra (1990-
2012)
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
19990-91 2005-06 2011-12
Modello A Modello G Modello D
Fonte: Governo della CFN, Dip. Educazione
19
Le politiche linguistiche: diffusione, attori, e conflitti
Territorio Diffusione Attori Conflitti
Cav Tendenza alla
crescita
- Istituzioni
autonome (HABE)
- AEK (movimenti
sociali)
- HABE Vs AEK
- governo regionale
socialista (non
nazionalista) dal
marzo 2009)
- Etxepare Institutoa
Navarra Moderata
tendenza alla
crescita
- Governo regionale
- AEK
AEK (e attori culturali
in generale) Vs UPN
e governo regionale
Iparralde Tendenza
decrescente
- Seaska,
- Ikastolak
- ICB
- AEK
- Richiesta di una
maggiore azione
istituzionale
20
Conflicts in korrika:AEK Vs Habe
-Social movement
organisation
- bottom-up and
participatory teaching
approach
- language support and
diffusion strongly related
to the broader nationalist
aim of independence
- Public body part of the
autonomous institution
(BAC)
- professionalised top-
down teaching
approach
- no political aims linked
to language support
and teaching
21
Are changes taking place in
Basque ethnolinguistic
mobilisation? The case of
Korrika?
Adriano Cirulli
University of Rome “La Sapienza”
22
Korrika is a ritualisation of
Basque territorial integrity
Language-Territory-National identity
23
24
25
Transcending Boundaries: Korrika
as integrating ritual
• Social Movements and conflicts not
directly related to linguistic issues
• Inmigrants
• Basque Diaspora
• Exporting the ritual (corre llengua in
Catalonia or Ar Redadeg in Brittany)
26
27
28
29
30

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Lingua basca: origini, storia e conflitti

  • 1. 1
  • 3. 3 Suddivisioni • Hego Euskal Herria – Hegoalde (Sud), province in territorio spagnolo • Ipar Euskal Herria – Iparralde (Nord), province in territorio francese
  • 4. 4 Comunità Autonoma Basca le tre province di Araba, Bizkaia e Gipuzkoa – nel loro insieme denominate provincias vascongadas –, che formano una delle diciassette Comunidades Autónomas dello Stato spagnolo, la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (CAV), creata con lo Statuto del 1979 (Statuto di Gernika) ai sensi della Costituzione del 1978
  • 5. 5 Nafarroa (Navarra) la Nafarroa garaia (“Navarra” in castigliano), che forma una Comunidad Autónoma uniprovinciale – sempre all’interno dello Stato spagnolo –, la Comunidad Foral de Navarra (CFN), creata con la Ley Orgánica de Amejoramiento de los Fueros Navarros del 1982, uno Statuto di iniziativa parlamentare non sottoposto a referendum;
  • 6. 6 Iparralde i tre territori di Lapurdi, Nafarroa beherea e Zuberoa – acquisiti dalla Francia con il Trattato dei Pirenei del 1660 –, che dal 1790 fanno parte, insieme al territorio non basco del Béarn, del Dipartimento dei Pirenei Atlantici, compreso, dal 1982, nella regione Aquitana
  • 7. 7
  • 8. 8
  • 9. 9 Elementi differenzianti • Lingua basca (euskera, euskara) • Diritto forale • Complesso rituale e festivo
  • 10. 10 Euskera Lingua non indeuropea, di origine incerta, e di diffusione prevalentemente orale fino ad epoche recenti
  • 15. 15 Koldo Mitxelena José Luis Alvarez “Txillardegi”
  • 16. 16 Evoluzione della popolazione bilingue attiva, 1991-2011 (% sulla popolazione con età maggiore o uguale ai 16 anni) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1991 2011 Cav Navarra Iparralde Euskal Herria Fonte: V Encuesta Sociolingüística. Viceconsejería de Política Lingüística, Gobierno Vasco, 2011, www.euskadi.net
  • 17. 17 Distribuzione studenti per modello linguistico, età 3-18, CAV (1985- 2013) 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00% 80,00% 1985-86 1990-91 2005-06 2012-13 Model A Model B Model D Fonte: Eustat
  • 18. 18 Distribuzione studenti per modello linguistico, età 3-16, Navarra (1990- 2012) 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00% 80,00% 19990-91 2005-06 2011-12 Modello A Modello G Modello D Fonte: Governo della CFN, Dip. Educazione
  • 19. 19 Le politiche linguistiche: diffusione, attori, e conflitti Territorio Diffusione Attori Conflitti Cav Tendenza alla crescita - Istituzioni autonome (HABE) - AEK (movimenti sociali) - HABE Vs AEK - governo regionale socialista (non nazionalista) dal marzo 2009) - Etxepare Institutoa Navarra Moderata tendenza alla crescita - Governo regionale - AEK AEK (e attori culturali in generale) Vs UPN e governo regionale Iparralde Tendenza decrescente - Seaska, - Ikastolak - ICB - AEK - Richiesta di una maggiore azione istituzionale
  • 20. 20 Conflicts in korrika:AEK Vs Habe -Social movement organisation - bottom-up and participatory teaching approach - language support and diffusion strongly related to the broader nationalist aim of independence - Public body part of the autonomous institution (BAC) - professionalised top- down teaching approach - no political aims linked to language support and teaching
  • 21. 21 Are changes taking place in Basque ethnolinguistic mobilisation? The case of Korrika? Adriano Cirulli University of Rome “La Sapienza”
  • 22. 22 Korrika is a ritualisation of Basque territorial integrity Language-Territory-National identity
  • 23. 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. 25 Transcending Boundaries: Korrika as integrating ritual • Social Movements and conflicts not directly related to linguistic issues • Inmigrants • Basque Diaspora • Exporting the ritual (corre llengua in Catalonia or Ar Redadeg in Brittany)
  • 26. 26
  • 27. 27
  • 28. 28
  • 29. 29
  • 30. 30