About light management in poultry

2. PRESENTEDBY
Mr. Dongare SachinVasant
Id. No.- 55572
Courseteacher
Dr. Joti palod
Professor
Livestockproductionand management
GBPUA&T, Pantnagar.
Course No.- LPM-722 Credit: 1+1=2

3. • Visible light (optical radiation) is just tiny
portion of the total electro magnetic
spectrum which includes radio waves,
microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays.
• Characteristics of light:
Wavelength (colour)
Intensity (brightness)
Duration (photoperiod)
MEANING
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4. INTRODUCTION
 Birds are extremely sensitive to photoperiod.
 Growing pullets, when they reach a certain
stage of sexual maturity, are stimulated by
increasing day-length.
 Longer days cause release of LH and FSH from
the anterior pituitary. These set of hormones
stimulate the process leading to sexual
maturity and egg laying.
 Artificial lighting for chicken was first carried
out to prevent the drop of egg production when
the days became shorter.
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5. GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF LIGHTING
 It will influence the age of sexual maturity.
 It will influence feed consumption.
 In addition to the influence of growth light will
effect:-
 Progressive growth of the digestive system
 Gradual adaption to a body clock(eg. anticipation
of a dark period)
 Lack of night time energy supply when dark
periods are too long
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6. LIGHT REQUIREMENT IN DIFFERENT SPECIES
Species Light req.
Chicken 1 to 2 watt per chick (10 lux intensity)
Duck 1 to 2 watt/duckling
Quail 1 to 2 watt/ 4 chicks
Guinea fowl 1 to 2 watt/keet
Emu 1 foot candle for 24 hours (40 watt bulb for every 100 sq ft.
area)
Turkey 23 hours on (80 to 100 lux) from day 1 to day 5.
From day 5 to 10 increase the dark period gradually.
Day 11 onwards at least 8 hours darkness (40 lux)
Ostrich 24 hours light(80 lux intensity) for first 3 weeks after that
night light is not required
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7. LIGHTING DURING BROODING PERIOD
 An intermittent lighting program is preferred.
 If not, then use 22 hours of light from 0–3
days and 21 hours of light from 4–7 days.
 Do not use 24 hours of light.
 Brightness (30–50 lux) during 0–7 days helps
chicks quickly find feed and water and adapt
to the new environment.
 After the first week, reduce light intensity and
begin slow step-down lighting program.
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9. INTERMITTENT LIGHTING FOR CHICKS
 Use from 0–7 days (can be used up to 14 days
of age).
 Synchronizes chick’s activities and feedings.
 Establishes more natural behavior of
rest and activity.
 May improve 7 day livability and pullet body
weight.
 May improve antibody response from
vaccinations.
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10. GENERAL GUIDELINE FOR LIGHTING DURING
GROWING
 When pullets are transferred to layer
house at 15 to 16 weeks, add 1 hour to
the day-length for proper growth.
 Increasing day-length 15 min every other
week until 16 hrs are reached.
 Maintain 16 hrs thereafter.
 Intensity 40 to 50 lux is sufficient at feeder
and water level.
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11. CONTD…
 Never decrease light on pullets in the on-set of
egg production.
 Vices (picking) can often be controlled by using
red bulbs or the same by higher wattage.
 Position lights to minimize bright and dark areas
in the house.
 Alternating the height of lights improves light
distribution to all cage levels.
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12. GENERAL GUIDELINE FOR LIGHTING DURING
LAYING
 In the production as well as the rearing
periods, the lighting program greatly
influences the feed consumption.
 In addition, during all its life, a chicken remains
sensitive to changes in the duration of
illumination.
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13. CONT…
The objective of the lighting programs during
production period is:
 Toencourage growth at start of lay.
 To counteract the harmful effects of
decreases in natural day length.
 To control the liveability through the light
intensity management.
 Toimprove egg shell quality.
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15. CUSTOMIZED LIGHTING PROGRAMS FOR
OPEN-SIDED HOUSING
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16. MIDNIGHT FEEDING/LIGHTING PROGRAM
 Optional lighting technique that promotes
greater feed intake encourage growth at start
of lay.
 Used whenever more feed intake is desired.
 Increases calcium absorption during the night,
when most egg shell is formed.
 Helps maintain feed consumption in hot climates.
 Midnight feeding may increase feed intake 2–5
g/day per bird.
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17. MIDNIGHT FEEDING/LIGHTING PROGRAM
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18. GENERAL POINTS OF LIGHTING
 The bulb has to be provided at a height of 7-8 ft
above the flour space.
 Distance between two bulb must be about 10 ft.
 Distance between 2 tube light (fluorescent)
should be 15 ft.
 Keep light bulbs clean once in 15 days to prevent
loss of intensity.
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19. COLOUR OF LIGHT
FACTOR Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
Improves growth - - - Yes -
Depresses feed
efficiency - - Yes Yes -
Lower age at sexual
maturity - - - Yes Yes
Increase age at sexual
maturity Yes Yes Yes - -
Enlarge the eye - - - - Yes
Reduces nervousness Yes - - - -
Lower cannibalism Yes - - - Yes
Increase egg production Yes Yes - - -
Lower egg production - - Yes - -
Increase egg size - - Yes - -
Improve male fertility - - - Yes Yes
Lower male fertility Yes - - - -
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20. LIGHT REFLACTORS
 Reflectors increase the light intensity by about
50% at bird level.
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21. SUMMARY OF LIGHTING SCHEDULES AND
INTENSITIES
Bird type Lighting hour and intensity
Young chickens (1st week)
22 hrs (0 - 3) days and 21 hrs (4 - 7)days
or
Intermittent lighting at 40 lux intensity.
Young chickens (2nd week)
20 hrs continuous lighting orIntermittent
Lighting at 30 lux intensity.
Growing pullets (3 to 11 wks)
From 18 hrs to 10 hrs continuous lighting.
Step-down lighting at (5 to 15) luxintensity.
Growing pullets (12 to 15 wks) From 12 hrs constant light at (15 to 30)
lux.
Growing pullets
(16 to 23 wks)
From 13 hrs to 15 hrs continuouslighting.
Step-up lighting at (30 to 40) luxintensity.
Layers (after 24 wks) From 16 hrs constant light at (40 to 50) lux.
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22. THANK YOU