RWS Lesson 3 - Implicit and Explicit Claims

1. Introduction
Critical Reading Leads to Significant Understanding
Readers interact with the material through critical reading.
When you practice critical reading, you are not just gathering
information; you are also judging the importance and
legitimacy of the information you have gathered by judging
the purpose, manner of presentation, and holistic
development of the arguments presented in the text.
To properly evaluate the ideas you have gathered while
reading, you must be able to know the different kinds of
information which are explicit information and implicit
information.

2. Explicit and Implicit
Claims in a Text
Reading and Writing Skills
2nd
Semester | SY 2016-2017
Miss Hazel Angelyn E. Tesoro
Teacher III

3. Explicit Information
•The information
stated in the text
•Are pieces of
information stated
in the given
passage
Implicit Information
•The information
that is not directly
presented in the
text
•Are details that
need to be read in
between the lines
for the writer’s idea
to be understood

4. Think Critically
Situation: You were chosen to be part of the
school debate team to represent the District in
the 53rd Governor’s Debate Cup to be held next
month. The theme of the competition
revolves on the Zero Waste Movement.
Problem: You know nothing about zero waste.
Question: What will be your first tactic to win
the competition?

5. Reading
Informatio
n
Gathering
Discussion
Proofs
or
Claims

6. Proofs or Claims
•Can be used based on the type of
presentation or argumentation that we
would like to do after reading

7. Three
Kinds of
Claims
Claim of
Fact
Claim of
Value
Claim of
Policy
A piece of information grounded
on reliable authority such as
science or history
A piece of
information focused
on relative
judgment such as
goodness or
badness, and
usually addressed
based on standards
A specific
statement on
procedures or laws
that need to be
modified based on
certain issues or
conditions
Most of the time, a
claim of policy asks
for plans of action
to solve current
problems

8. Sample Text using Claim of Fact
The devastation experienced by the
Philippines during Typhoon Yolanda
shows the readiness of disaster relief
protocols established by the government.
•Defend and refute this claim by using
events as proof.

9. Sample Text using Claim of Fact
Cory Aquino is the first female President
of the Republic of the Philippines.
•Defend and refute this claim by using
events as proof.

10. Sample Text using Claim of Value
Cloning is wrong.
•What is the claim trying to prove?

11. Sample Text using Claim of Value
Pre-marital sex is immoral.
•What is the claim trying to prove?

12. Sample Text using Claim of Policy
The Child Protection Policy in the
Philippines must be strengthened.
•What is the claim trying to demand?
•What should be adopted? Why?

13. Point out where are the claims of
fact, value, and policy are used.
Childhood obesity in our country has more than
tripled in the past 30 years. Today, one in six
children in our country is obese. This is unacceptable.
As parents, we try to provide a better future for our
children, better than we’ve ever had. We need to
stand up and do what we can. We can start by
supporting the passing of the anti-junk food bill in
schools and other child-friendly areas.
-Adapted from Sample Op-Ed on Childhood Obesity

14. Got questions?


15. Practice
•Identify which type of claim the
following statements are making by
writing CF for Claim of Fact, CV for
Claim of Value, and CP for Claim of
Policy.

16. 1
Excessive consumption of alcohol can
lead to many illnesses.

17. 2
Honesty is the best policy.

18. 3
Television newscasting influences the
way Filipinos think about social and
political issues.

19. 4
The Civil Service Exam (CSE) Study
Guide is an excellent tutorial for
students and professionals preparing to
take the CSE.

20. 5
To attract more students, this college
must review and revise its course
offerings.

21. 6
The existence of nuclear weapons has
prevented the outbreak of World War III.

22. 7
An improved sewer system would solve
these flood drainage problems.

23. 8
The Philippines should protect its
domestic industries with tariffs and
quotas.

24. 9
Obesity can cause heart disease.

25. 10
Solar and wind power are better sources
of energy than oil, gas, or coal.

26. Any questions,
so far? 

27. Assignment
•As a student, why do you have to learn
using the claim of fact, claim of policy,
and claim of value?
•What benefits can you gain from being
able to learn how to use proofs or claims
in argumentation?

28. Assignment
•In a whole sheet of yellow paper, create
a comprehensive mind map (with sub-
branches if needed) showing 10 ways to
use proofs or claims (claim of fact,
claim of policy, and claim of value) in
daily life situations.
•Due: next RWS meeting

29. Got questions?


30. Quiz

31. Quiz
Identify what is being asked for.

32. 1
Kind of information that is directly stated
in the given passage

33. 2
Kind of information that need to be read
in between the lines before the idea is
understood

34. 3
Can be used as a supporting evidence for
an argument or discussion; another term
for claim

35. 4
A kind of claim that is based on reliable
authority such as science or history

36. 5
A kind of claim that is based on
procedures or laws that need to be
modified based on certain issues or
conditions and presents problems that
need to be solved