The document provides guidance for constructing a conceptual framework in research, highlighting its importance in illustrating relationships between study concepts and directing the research process. It outlines the steps for developing a framework, including finalizing a research topic, conducting a literature review, identifying variables, and defining key terms with conceptual and operational definitions. The text emphasizes the distinction between theoretical and conceptual frameworks and their roles in enhancing research clarity and focus.

1. Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 3: Constructing a Research Framework
Lesson 1
Creating a Conceptual
Framework and Defining
Terms

2. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
How can you
best construct
a conceptual
framework for
your research?
2

3. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 3
● Construct a conceptual
framework based on a research
topic of interest.
● Apply the appropriate definition
for terms used in the study.
3

4. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 4
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5. ENGAGE
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Conceptual Framework
Conceptual framework offers an illustration
of how the entire research process will be
explored, and explains the relationships of the
concepts in the study.
5

6. ENGAGE
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Significanc
e of the
Conceptual
Framework
6
● guides the researchers to
construct the study according
to their perspective
● highlights the significance of
the study

7. How can a conceptual
framework benefit your
research?
7

8. ENGAGE
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Research Frameworks
Theoretical framework refers to the theory
where the researcher based their study.
Conceptual framework is the synthesized
ideas and concepts from different related
sources.
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9. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT 9
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10. Remember
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A theoretical framework is based
on an established theory whereas
the conceptual framework is an
illustration of the researcher’s
viewpoint of the study.

11. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
How to
construct a
conceptual
framework
11
1. Finalize the research topic.
Choose a topic that is based
on your interest and
academic strand.

12. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
How to
construct a
conceptual
framework
12
2. Conduct a literature review.
The literature review must be
credible and scientific.

13. Tip
13
It is best to consult published
journals for your research to
ensure that studies are credible,
recent, and up-to-date.

14. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
How to
construct a
conceptual
framework
14
3. Decide which variables are to
be investigated.
Distinguish the main
variables to be studied and
identify possible
relationships based on the
gathered literature.

15. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
How to
construct a
conceptual
framework
15
4. Construct the conceptual
framework.
Create the conceptual
framework using the related
studies. Main variables and
the research process must be
emphasized.

16. What counts as a “good”
conceptual framework?
16

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Example
17
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Example
18
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19. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Defining
Terms
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20. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Definition of Terms
Defining terms is necessary to establish
boundaries on how certain terms will be used
in the study.
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21. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Conceptual
and
Operational
Definitions
21
Conceptual definitions are the
theoretical or abstract meaning
of a concept.
Operational definitions refer to
how a variable was used or
measured in the study.

22. ENGAGE
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Example of a Conceptual Definition
22
22
Profit is the difference between the amount
earned and the amount spent in buying,
operating, or producing something.

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EVALUAT
Example of an Operational Definition
23
23
Profit refers to the amount earned in selling
garments for the month of January.

24. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Example of a Conceptual Definition
24
24
Self-esteem is the degree of one’s own worth
and respect.

25. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Example of an Operational Definition
25
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Self-esteem refers to the score gained in the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

26. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Example of a Conceptual Definition
26
26
Current refers to the movement of electricity
in a particular direction.

27. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Example of an Operational Definition
27
27
Current is the rate at which an electric charge
flows measured in Amperes.

28. What are the consequences of not
precisely defining the terms used in
the study?
28

29. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Develop a conceptual framework for the given
variables below. Then, define the terms using
conceptual and operational definitions:
● online learning
● classroom learning
● academic performance of students
Practice
29

30. ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
Quick Check
Why is it necessary to conduct first a
literature review before constructing the
conceptual framework?
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31. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Which is more important, the theoretical
framework or the conceptual framework?
Why?
Quick Check
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31
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32. ENGAGE
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EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAGE
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EVALUAT
A. Pollution refers to the amount of carbon
dioxide emission in Metro Manila.
B. Pollution is a substance that has harmful
or poisonous effects in the environment.
Quick Check
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33. Wrap Up
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The conceptual framework integrates
concepts and ideas gathered from
different sources.
The theoretical framework of a study
refers to the existing theory where the
researchers based their study.

34. Wrap Up
34
Both the conceptual and theoretical
framework give direction to the study by
emphasizing the main constructs and
concepts in a research study.
The two types of definitions used in a
study are the conceptual definition and
operational definition.

35. Wrap Up
35

36. Bibliography
36
Adom, Dickson, Emad Kamil Hussein, and Joe Adu Agyem. “Theoretical and
Conceptual Framework: Mandatory Ingredients of a Quality Research.”
International Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 438-441.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322204158_THEORETICAL_ AND_
CONCEPTUAL_FRAMEWORK_MANDATORY_INGREDIENTS_OF_A_QUALITY_RE
SEARCH.
Akintoye, Akintola. “Developing Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks.”
PowerPoint Presentation, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United
Kingdom, July 3, 2015.
https://jedm.oauife.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Akintola-Akintoye
_Developing-Theoretical-and-Conceptual-Frameworks.pdf

37. Bibliography
37
Imenda, Sitwala. “Is There a Conceptual Difference between Theoretical and
Conceptual Frameworks?” Journal of Social Sciences 38, no. 2 (2014): 185-
195. doi:10.1080/ 09718923.2014.11893249.
Latham, John. “Conceptual Framework.” John Latham. Accessed April 9, 2020.
https://www.drjohnlatham.com/frameworks/research-methods-framework/
conceptual-framework/
.
Leary, Mark R. Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods. 6th ed. New Jersey:
Pearson, 2012.

38. Bibliography
38
Regionel, Patrick. “Conceptual Framework: A Step by Step Guide on How to Make
One.” Simplyeducate. January 25, 2015.
https://simplyeducate.me/2015/ 01/05/conceptual-framework-guide/
Swaen, Bas. “Conceptual framework.” Scribrr. Last modified November 21, 2019.
https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/conceptual-framework/
“Writing Definitions.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. Accessed April 10, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments
/definitions.html