The document discusses how atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to analyze polymer and particle systems. AFM allows high-resolution imaging of surfaces and can reveal internal structure based on mechanical property mapping without staining. The speaker provides examples of how AFM has been used in cosmetic science, such as analyzing particulate gels in polymers, studying surface structure of different nail polishes and human hair, and examining internal hair structure. AFM is presented as a useful microscopy technique for cosmetic chemists to better understand soft materials at the microscopic level.
24 February 2010: Survey commissioned by the National Consumer Agency shows that consumers in Ireland continue to be most likely to have switched mobile phone provider, car insurance provider or where they do their main grocery shop
Anuj Kumar Gupta is seeking a career opportunity to collaborate with senior management in making critical business decisions. He has an MBA in marketing and operations and experience working in media and communications for Apollo Hospitals and as a secondary data analyst for RND Research. His skills include brand management, social media marketing, and data analysis. He led a project analyzing views on social media and healthcare pages that concluded Apollo Hospital's Facebook page should focus on wellness, new events, and community building.
St. Luke's United Methodist Church has worked with a consulting group called Auxano to develop a new vision and branding strategy. This document outlines a multi-phase plan to introduce a new visual identity aligned with the church's mission and values. It includes developing a logo, branding materials, and website redesign by October 2010, followed by internal and external rollouts in early 2011 to promote the new brand across the church's campuses and ministries.
24 February 2010: Survey commissioned by the National Consumer Agency shows that consumers in Ireland continue to be most likely to have switched mobile phone provider, car insurance provider or where they do their main grocery shop
Anuj Kumar Gupta is seeking a career opportunity to collaborate with senior management in making critical business decisions. He has an MBA in marketing and operations and experience working in media and communications for Apollo Hospitals and as a secondary data analyst for RND Research. His skills include brand management, social media marketing, and data analysis. He led a project analyzing views on social media and healthcare pages that concluded Apollo Hospital's Facebook page should focus on wellness, new events, and community building.
St. Luke's United Methodist Church has worked with a consulting group called Auxano to develop a new vision and branding strategy. This document outlines a multi-phase plan to introduce a new visual identity aligned with the church's mission and values. It includes developing a logo, branding materials, and website redesign by October 2010, followed by internal and external rollouts in early 2011 to promote the new brand across the church's campuses and ministries.
Medan vektor memberikan contoh medan vektor, divergensi dan rotasi medan vektor, serta medan vektor konservatif. Medan vektor adalah fungsi yang mengasosiasikan vektor pada setiap titik ruang.
Anuj Kumar Gupta is seeking a career opportunity to collaborate with senior management in making critical business decisions. He has an MBA in Marketing and Operations and experience working in media and communications for Apollo Hospitals and as a secondary data analyst for RND Research. His skills include brand management, social media marketing, and data analysis. He led a project analyzing views on social media and healthcare pages that concluded Apollo Hospital's Facebook page should focus on wellness, new events, and community building.
Tourism Victoria aims to increase overnight visits from Sydney backpackers aged 18-29 to Melbourne in spring/summer 2010-11 by 15%. Competing destinations include Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory, and New Zealand. The $800k campaign budget gives Tourism Victoria a 15% share of the voice. Advertising will highlight events in Melbourne like the AFL Grand Final, arts festivals, and tennis, and drive traffic to the Backpack Melbourne website. The media plan utilizes radio, print, and online outlets popular with Sydney backpackers to reach them with the campaign message at least four times throughout the campaign period.
This document contains introductions from several students attending Alfredo Palacios school in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The students range in age from 11-13 years old and describe their favorite subjects, which include PE, math, language and history. They note that their classroom has around 29 students. Many students mention enjoying the computer room and science lab. Their school days typically run from 8-12:15 and they have different class schedules on different days of the week. Fridays seem to be a popular favorite day for many of the students.
The document discusses how atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to characterize the surface and internal structure of rubber and plastics materials at high resolution. AFM is presented as a problem-solving tool that can identify issues like changes in film surface morphology or thermoplastic elastomer composition that affect performance. The technique is also proposed as a potential quality assurance method for validating properties like rubber particle size that current tools cannot detect but are important to final product behavior.
The document proposes Riccione, Italy as the location to host the 2012 FPA World Flying Disc Championship. It highlights Riccione's experienced organization from previously hosting events, ideal summer location on the Adriatic Coast with beach and entertainment, large audience and media coverage, infrastructure to host a big tournament, nightlife and parties, and convenient transportation. The bid emphasizes its readiness and professionalism to host an excellent event for players and grow the sport on a massive scale.
The document discusses testing done to develop a corrosion resistant coating for hydraulic motors used in food processing machines. Experiments were conducted to understand the corrosion issues with the existing nickel plated motors when exposed to salt water, sea air, and cleaning agents. Factors like crystal structure, type of corrosion, and environment were considered. Testing of different plating compositions was done by exposing coated sample motors to a saline containment chamber for up to 409 hours. The results showed some coatings provided better corrosion resistance than nickel plating. The research aimed to define coating requirements to protect motors for less than $168 each while exposed to operating conditions.
Forensic engineers use various analytical tools to determine why products fail. Some of the key tools discussed include optical microscopy for initial sample observation up to 500,000x magnification, SEM for high resolution surface images, EDS for elemental analysis, and metallographic cross-sections to view sample edges. Other tools provide more specialized analysis like surface topography with AFM, chemical composition with FTIR and GC-MS, and crystalline structure with XRD. Understanding the capabilities of these tools helps attorneys maximize an expert's analysis in product failure cases.
Different Coating Processes for Surface Hardening of AluminiumIRJET Journal
The document discusses different coating processes that can be used for surface hardening of aluminum, including:
1. Chemical vapor deposition processes like metal organic vapor phase epitaxy and electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition.
2. Physical vapor deposition processes such as cathode arc deposition, electron beam physical vapor deposition, ion plating, ion beam assisted deposition, pulsed laser deposition, and vacuum deposition.
3. Chemical and electrochemical techniques including anodizing, chromate conversion coating, and plasma electrolytic oxidation.
4. Spraying processes like high velocity oxygen fuel spraying, plasma spraying, thermal spraying, and laser coating.
The document provides details on these various coating processes and their applications in hard
Image analysis and Laser Particle Diffraction study of ProRoot-MTA, Portland ...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Image analysis and Laser Particle Diffraction study of ProRoot-MTA, Portland cement and Bismuth Oxide-A comparative study by MMA Rafique* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Impact of RoHS Legislation on the High Performance Industry
In 2006 the European Union issued a Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) which among other materials banned the use of lead in electronics. The Aerospace and Defense (A&D) industry in the US designs and manufactures products that carry more than three billion passengers worldwide on any given day as well as systems which are vital to our national security. In order to transition to lead-free electronics the A&D industry demands careful analysis and research into the performance, reliability and safety of these materials in order to maintain public safety and assure our war-fighters’ mission success is not compromised or risked. In this effort the College of Engineering at Tuskegee University and the Boeing Company has teamed to fill some of the many knowledge gaps that surround this new technology. Researchers at Tuskegee are undertaking an effort to understand the growth mechanism associated with the formation of tin whiskers and how to mitigate these risks. Since the formation of binary compounds are suspected of causing fractures in these new Pb-free solder alloys, Tuskegee is studying the migration of binary compounds in a root cause investigation. Also Tuskegee is studying the effects tin whiskers may have on the ability of conformal coatings to protect Circuit Boards from corrosion.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Medan vektor memberikan contoh medan vektor, divergensi dan rotasi medan vektor, serta medan vektor konservatif. Medan vektor adalah fungsi yang mengasosiasikan vektor pada setiap titik ruang.
Anuj Kumar Gupta is seeking a career opportunity to collaborate with senior management in making critical business decisions. He has an MBA in Marketing and Operations and experience working in media and communications for Apollo Hospitals and as a secondary data analyst for RND Research. His skills include brand management, social media marketing, and data analysis. He led a project analyzing views on social media and healthcare pages that concluded Apollo Hospital's Facebook page should focus on wellness, new events, and community building.
Tourism Victoria aims to increase overnight visits from Sydney backpackers aged 18-29 to Melbourne in spring/summer 2010-11 by 15%. Competing destinations include Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory, and New Zealand. The $800k campaign budget gives Tourism Victoria a 15% share of the voice. Advertising will highlight events in Melbourne like the AFL Grand Final, arts festivals, and tennis, and drive traffic to the Backpack Melbourne website. The media plan utilizes radio, print, and online outlets popular with Sydney backpackers to reach them with the campaign message at least four times throughout the campaign period.
This document contains introductions from several students attending Alfredo Palacios school in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The students range in age from 11-13 years old and describe their favorite subjects, which include PE, math, language and history. They note that their classroom has around 29 students. Many students mention enjoying the computer room and science lab. Their school days typically run from 8-12:15 and they have different class schedules on different days of the week. Fridays seem to be a popular favorite day for many of the students.
The document discusses how atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to characterize the surface and internal structure of rubber and plastics materials at high resolution. AFM is presented as a problem-solving tool that can identify issues like changes in film surface morphology or thermoplastic elastomer composition that affect performance. The technique is also proposed as a potential quality assurance method for validating properties like rubber particle size that current tools cannot detect but are important to final product behavior.
The document proposes Riccione, Italy as the location to host the 2012 FPA World Flying Disc Championship. It highlights Riccione's experienced organization from previously hosting events, ideal summer location on the Adriatic Coast with beach and entertainment, large audience and media coverage, infrastructure to host a big tournament, nightlife and parties, and convenient transportation. The bid emphasizes its readiness and professionalism to host an excellent event for players and grow the sport on a massive scale.
The document discusses testing done to develop a corrosion resistant coating for hydraulic motors used in food processing machines. Experiments were conducted to understand the corrosion issues with the existing nickel plated motors when exposed to salt water, sea air, and cleaning agents. Factors like crystal structure, type of corrosion, and environment were considered. Testing of different plating compositions was done by exposing coated sample motors to a saline containment chamber for up to 409 hours. The results showed some coatings provided better corrosion resistance than nickel plating. The research aimed to define coating requirements to protect motors for less than $168 each while exposed to operating conditions.
Forensic engineers use various analytical tools to determine why products fail. Some of the key tools discussed include optical microscopy for initial sample observation up to 500,000x magnification, SEM for high resolution surface images, EDS for elemental analysis, and metallographic cross-sections to view sample edges. Other tools provide more specialized analysis like surface topography with AFM, chemical composition with FTIR and GC-MS, and crystalline structure with XRD. Understanding the capabilities of these tools helps attorneys maximize an expert's analysis in product failure cases.
Different Coating Processes for Surface Hardening of AluminiumIRJET Journal
The document discusses different coating processes that can be used for surface hardening of aluminum, including:
1. Chemical vapor deposition processes like metal organic vapor phase epitaxy and electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition.
2. Physical vapor deposition processes such as cathode arc deposition, electron beam physical vapor deposition, ion plating, ion beam assisted deposition, pulsed laser deposition, and vacuum deposition.
3. Chemical and electrochemical techniques including anodizing, chromate conversion coating, and plasma electrolytic oxidation.
4. Spraying processes like high velocity oxygen fuel spraying, plasma spraying, thermal spraying, and laser coating.
The document provides details on these various coating processes and their applications in hard
Image analysis and Laser Particle Diffraction study of ProRoot-MTA, Portland ...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Image analysis and Laser Particle Diffraction study of ProRoot-MTA, Portland cement and Bismuth Oxide-A comparative study by MMA Rafique* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Impact of RoHS Legislation on the High Performance Industry
In 2006 the European Union issued a Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) which among other materials banned the use of lead in electronics. The Aerospace and Defense (A&D) industry in the US designs and manufactures products that carry more than three billion passengers worldwide on any given day as well as systems which are vital to our national security. In order to transition to lead-free electronics the A&D industry demands careful analysis and research into the performance, reliability and safety of these materials in order to maintain public safety and assure our war-fighters’ mission success is not compromised or risked. In this effort the College of Engineering at Tuskegee University and the Boeing Company has teamed to fill some of the many knowledge gaps that surround this new technology. Researchers at Tuskegee are undertaking an effort to understand the growth mechanism associated with the formation of tin whiskers and how to mitigate these risks. Since the formation of binary compounds are suspected of causing fractures in these new Pb-free solder alloys, Tuskegee is studying the migration of binary compounds in a root cause investigation. Also Tuskegee is studying the effects tin whiskers may have on the ability of conformal coatings to protect Circuit Boards from corrosion.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
MATERIALS USED FOR DENTAL IMPLANT / dental implant courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MATERIALS USED FOR DENTAL IMPLANT/orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Applications of atomic force microscope(by kanupriya)KANUPRIYASINGH19
The document discusses applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in physical and materials sciences as well as nanotechnology. Some key applications discussed include:
1) Measuring surface roughness of materials like metals, polymers, and medical implants to understand properties.
2) Probing mechanical properties like hardness of polymer films and crystals at the nanoscale.
3) Imaging crystal structures with atomic resolution to study arrangements of atoms.
In nanotechnology, AFM is used for measuring nanoparticles, studying mechanical properties of nanotubes, and constructing nanodevices through direct manipulation of components.
This document discusses improving the properties of NiTi dental alloys through laser surface treatment. Key points:
- Laser surface treatment of NiTi samples led to a 1549% improvement in corrosion resistance and a 368% increase in hardness compared to untreated samples.
- Higher laser powers of 500-600W provided better results, with a 613% improvement in corrosion resistance and 141% increase in hardness over lower laser powers.
- Laser treatment also reduced nickel ion dissolution by 310%, with higher laser powers further lowering nickel ion release. Overall, laser surface treatment enhanced the corrosion resistance, hardness, and biocompatibility of the NiTi dental alloy.
Physical characterization of glassy materials using ultrasonic non destructiveSidek Aziz
This document summarizes a presentation on characterizing glassy materials using ultrasonic non-destructive techniques. It discusses the amorphous nature of glasses and their structure, including examples like silicate, borate, tellurite and phosphate glasses. It also describes preparing glass samples, analyzing their density and molar volume using various techniques, and measuring their ultrasonic properties to characterize the materials without damaging them.
IRJET- Comparative Studies on Copper Removal by Sawdust and Iron Oxide Na...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the comparative removal of copper using sawdust and iron oxide nanoparticles as adsorbents. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of parameters like pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on copper removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiencies achieved were 81.32% for sawdust and 98.02% for iron oxide nanoparticles at pH 6 and an equilibrium time of 100 minutes. Column studies showed maximum removal of 68.82% for sawdust and 92.06% for iron oxide nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited better adsorption capacity for copper compared to sawdust. The study provides removal efficiencies of the adsorbents under different conditions
This document provides an overview of laser surface alloying. It discusses how laser alloying uses a high-power laser to heat and melt a material's surface while injecting alloying powders, forming intermetallic compounds that improve properties like wear resistance. Key parameters like laser power and scanning speed must be controlled. Aluminum is commonly alloyed via this process due to its light weight and versatility. The document reviews aluminum applications and designations, different coating processes including laser alloying, and concludes that laser-alloyed aluminum surfaces have attractive characteristics for applications requiring strength, corrosion resistance, and low weight.
THEORETICAL ASPECT OF THE MUTUAL ATTRACTION AND REPULSION BETWEEN CHARGE PART...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the theoretical aspects of attraction and repulsion between charged particles. It summarizes research on developing composite materials using natural fibers reinforced with polymer matrices. Specifically, it examines creating polymer matrix composites using Luffa cylindrical fibers. The fibers are treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to increase surface roughness and reaction sites at the fiber-matrix interface, improving mechanical bonding and properties. The treated composites will then be tested under different environmental conditions to evaluate their mechanical properties and moisture absorption characteristics. The goal is to develop low-cost composite materials for various industrial applications.
TALAT Lecture 1202: Metallography of Aluminium AlloysCORE-Materials
This lecture aims at providing a survey of the metallographic techniques available for the examination of aluminium and its alloys. The information must be sufficient to be sure that the students and the users are able to choose the most suitable technique to solve their problems in the examination of samples. The lecture should contain a direct understanding of the main problems in the metallography of the different classes of aluminium materials.
Surface modification can be used to alter
or improve these characteristics, and so
surface analysis is used to understand
surface chemistry of material, and
investigate the efficacy of surface
engineering. From non-stick cookware
coatings to thin-film electronics and bioactive
surfaces, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy is one of the standard
tools for surface characterization.
This document provides information about the Engineering Chemistry textbook for the diploma course in engineering at the Directorate of Technical Education in Tamil Nadu, India. It includes details such as the authors and reviewers of the book, a foreword describing the importance of chemistry for engineering, and a table of contents outlining the topics covered in the first and second semesters. The book aims to teach chemistry concepts and principles to engineering students in a simple and easy to understand manner.
Seminar on Electrochemical Surface StructuringSRINJOY GUHA
This document presents information on electrochemical surface structuring techniques. It discusses electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrochemical micro machining (EMM), noting they are commonly used for surface structuring to enhance tribological properties. When ECM is applied at the micro scale, it is termed EEM. The document outlines techniques for controlling surface topography at the micrometer and nanometer scales using EMM and describes recent developments in EMM for titanium surface structuring, including oxide film laser lithography and producing well-defined multi-scale surface structures.
1. Expert Vision for a
Changing World
AFM Applications for Polymer and
Particle Systems
Michael P. Mallamaci, Ph.D.
PolyInsight LLC
526 South Main Street, Suite 414
Akron, Ohio 44311
(330) 777-0025
mike@polyinsight.com
http://polyinsight.com
2. Agenda
• Brief History of PolyInsight
• Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM)
– Surface characterization technique
– Internal structure technique
• Using AFM in Cosmetic Science
– Particulate gels in polymer modifiers
– Surface structure of different nail polishes
– Surface structure of human hair
– Internal structure of human hair
• Summary / Q & A
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 2 of 30
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3. PolyInsight
• Small team of experts in the physical and
chemical structure of rubber and plastics
• Laboratory operation with several
microscopes and related sample
preparation equipment in-house
• Located in Akron, Ohio at the Akron Global
Business Accelerator
• Partnerships with The University of Akron
and other regional laboratories providing
additional instrument access
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4. PolyInsight (cont’d)
• Continuous operation since July 2003
• Services include:
– Failure Analysis
– Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM)
– Polymer and Chemical Analysis
– Consulting and Litigation Support
• Developed a portfolio of over 50 clients
nationally and overseas
• Medical/Healthcare, Automotive, Industrial
Coatings, and Consumer Products
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5. Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM)
• High spatial resolution
imaging of surface
topography
• Similar to stylus
profilometry, except 1 nm
resolution
• Probe interacts with surface
to reveal mechanical
properties at high resolution
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 5 of 30
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6. Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM)
Change in amplitude Lag in phase related
provides topography to viscoelasticity
or material stiffness
Free amplitude = Ao
Damped amplitude at
setpoint S = As
Ao As
Phase lag
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 6 of 30
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7. Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM)
Veeco Dimension 3000 AFM Veeco MultiMode AFM
(large sample sizes) (highest spatial resolution)
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8. Surface Characterization via AFM
• The height of surface features can be
measured quantitatively with 0.1 nm
resolution
• Atomic step heights on crystals, DNA
molecules, proteins, semiconductor
lithography applications
• Maximum height of features allowed is ~
6 µm, so surfaces must be “smooth”
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 8 of 30
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9. Surface Characterization via AFM
Roughness Analysis – Surface of Polymer Stent
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 9 of 30
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10. Surface Characterization via AFM
NIST Gold – 30nm spheres
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 10 of 30
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11. Surface Characterization via AFM
Nano-drug particles – unknown size
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 11 of 30
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12. Particle size analysis using Veeco Nanoscope software
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 12 of 30
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13. Internal Structure via TEM
• Classic technique for
examining the structure of
composite materials is
Transmission-Electron
Microscopy (TEM)
• Materials must be thinned to
~ 100 nm or less to be
electron transparent
• Image contrast is based on
either electron diffraction
(crystalline materials) or
mass-density (amorphous
materials)
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 13 of 30
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14. Internal Structure of Soft Materials via TEM
• Sample preparation technique for obtaining
electron transparent thin sections is
cryoultramicrotomy
• Mass-density image contrast is enhanced by
using heavy-metal stains, such as RuO2 or OsO4
• TEM offers highest spatial resolution possible at
< 0.1 nm, plus chemical ID techniques
• Time-consuming sample preparation ($$$)
• Difficulty with complex multi-component systems
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 14 of 30
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15. Internal Structure of Soft Materials via AFM
• Probe interaction with the surface can
image “mechanical property” distribution
with high spatial resolution (1-5 nm)
• Cryoultramicrotomy must be used to
expose the internal structure – cut open in
cross-section and look at the surface
• Relies on surface structure being
representative of internal structure (just
like polished sections)
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 15 of 30
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16. Internal Structure of Soft Materials via AFM
• Incompatible 4
component
polymer blend
can be imaged
– PP (brightest)
– PA (round, less
bright)
– PE (dark orange)
– SEBS (black,
surrounds PA)
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 16 of 30
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17. Review of AFM Capabilities
• High spatial resolution imaging of surfaces
• Quantitative measurement of surface
roughness and particles on substrates
• Imaging of internal structure based on
mapping of mechanical properties
• Complex structures can be imaged, no
stains required
• Environmental control possible: air, inert
gas, temperature
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 17 of 30
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18. Using AFM in Cosmetic Science
• Particulate gels in polymer modifiers
– Appearance, processing
• Surface structure of different nail polishes
– Reflectivity, composition
• Surface structure of human hair
– Damage, deposits
• Internal structure of human hair
– Dyeing
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 18 of 30
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19. Particulate gels in polymer modifiers
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 19 of 30
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20. Particulate gels in polymer modifiers
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 20 of 30
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21. Particulate gels in polymer modifiers
Good Bad
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 21 of 30
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22. Surface structure of different nail polishes
Clear top coat
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 22 of 30
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23. Surface structure of different nail polishes
“Metallic silver” pigment in top coat
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 23 of 30
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24. Structure of Hair
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 24 of 30
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25. Surface structure of human hair
Deposit
Scales
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 25 of 30
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26. Surface structure of human hair
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 26 of 30
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27. Internal structure of human hair
Cuticle
Cortex
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 27 of 30
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28. Internal structure of human hair
Cortex
Cuticle
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 28 of 30
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29. Internal structure of human hair
Cortex
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 29 of 30
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30. Summary
• AFM has unique strengths as a high
resolution microscopy technique
• Routine use as a tool for cosmetic
chemists is possible: can “see” things that
other techniques cannot
• Offers quantitative microscopic
measurement tool for “soft” cosmetic
systems
Society of Cosmetic Chemists February 16, 2010 Slide 30 of 30
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