Lee Krahenbuhl - Tooth Decay High in Children
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Lee Krahenbuhl - Tooth decay is the top oral health issues for many children in Qatar. A recent study was conducted by the Al Wakra Hospital’s Prosthodontics consultant, Dr. Mohamed Sultan al-Darwish and found that of 2,113 students 85 percent of them had tooth decay. These students come from 12 different government schools and 4 different private schools and were 50 percent boys and 50 percent girls. Dr. al-Darwish received his PhD in the UK from the University of Gloucestershire based on this research. He used four other dentists and six data-entry dental assistants with him on the project to evaluate the students. Dr. al-Darwish explained that tooth decay is usually caused by many factors, but has to do with plaque bacteria which diffuses into hard dental tissues that dissolves the mineral content of teeth. He adds, “the three essential factors for dental caries are dental plaque, which can contain harmful bacteria, carbohydrates in the diet and susceptible teeth. The prevalence of dental caries among the school children in Qatar is 85%. The mean value of DMFT is 4.6, 4.8, and 5.5 for 12, 13, and 14-year-old children, respectively. These values are well above the recommended levels of the World Health Organization (WHO), which suggests no more than a DMFT of 3 at the age of 12 years.” He concludes that there needs to be more of an awareness of the oral health needs of schoolchildren in Qatar. Dr. al-Darwish’s study also looked at the associations of the children’s oral health with their knowledge of oral health, their teeth irregularity, and their lifestyle (TV habits, Internet use, passive smoking, and diet). Dr. al-Darwish’s research will probably be added to the world database of oral heath and diseases to supplement the records of the WHO. The WHO may compare this study in Qatar with similar results that they have found in the Eastern Mediterranean in order to find some sort of solution. Dr. al-Darwish’s study recommends the best way to improve the student’s oral health is to educate parents and school teachers with accurate information in order to raise the general health awareness of those in the area.
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The Seven Days Battles took place from June 26-July 1, 1862 as the Union attempted to retake Richmond, Virginia, the new Confederate capital. After the First Battle of Bull Run, General George McClellan assembled the Army of the Potomac near Richmond. However, before McClellan could advance, the ironclad ships CSS Virginia and USS Monitor battled to a draw. McClellan then landed near Richmond but was stalled by General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia in a series of battles along the Chickahominy River known as the Seven Days Battles. Though momentum shifted, McClellan retreated to the James River, believing his forces were outnumbered. Richmond was saved and the Union withdrew.
battles of civil war
John Brown raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1859 in an attempt to start a slave rebellion and arm freed slaves. The raid failed as Brown did not gain the support of local slaves and was surrounded by local militia and US Marines. Brown was captured and later hanged for treason against Virginia. Though unsuccessful, the raid heightened sectional tensions between north and south and helped propel the nation toward civil war.
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GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
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