The document recommends learning the guitar chords D, Cadd9, and G, as these allow a beginner guitarist to play hundreds of songs. It explains that strum patterns are rhythmic strumming repeated over chords to produce a flowing sound, and provides the down-down-down-up-down-up strum pattern as an example that can be used with the G chord. The document advises that learning chords, strum patterns, and rhythm are the three key things needed to start playing guitar at a basic level.