Lathes are versatile machine tools that can perform turning, tapping, forming, threading, and other machining operations. The lathe rotates the workpiece against a stationary tool to remove material and shape the workpiece. It consists of a headstock, tailstock, carriage, and bed. The headstock holds and rotates the workpiece while the tailstock supports the other end. The carriage moves the tool crosswise. Common lathe operations include facing, contour turning, tapering, chamfering, cutoff, boring, threading, and drilling. Different tool orientations and feeds are used to machine the workpiece into the desired shape.

2. Lathes is one of the most versatile machine tools in the
industry, used to perform a variety of machining
operations.
The lathe is applied to the tool and rotated to perform
various operations. It can be used for turning, tapping,
forming turning, spiral cutting, finishing, passivation,
boring, spinning, grinding, polishing, etc.
The main function of the lathe is to remove the material
from the work piece and make the work piece the desired
shape and size. During the travel of the lathe, the work
piece is rotated against the tool to achieve material
removal and the direction of tool movement becomes
feed.

3. Headstock:
The headstock is usually located
on the left side of the lathe and is
equipped with gears, spindles,
chucks, gear speed control levers,
and feed controllers.
Tailstock:
Usually located on the right side
of the lathe, the work piece is
supported at the end.

4. Bed:
The main parts of the lathe, all parts
are bolted to the bed. It includes the
headstock, tailstock, carriage rails and
other parts.
Carriage:
The carriage is located between the
headstock and the tailstock and
contains apron, saddle, compound
rest, cross slide and tool post

5. Lead Screw:
Lead screw is used to move the
carriage automatically during
threading.
Feed Rod:
It is used to move the carriage
from left to right and vice versa.

6. In lathe machine the work part is rotates and the tool remains stationary .
Lathe machine operations involve the turning , drilling, facing, boring
threading and many more. Various tools and different orientation of the
tool is used to get the desired shape. All these methods are mainly basic
turning operations. Lets discuss these methods.

7. Facing:
Facing is used to make a flat surface at the end of the
work piece. The work part should be rotating and the
implied feed should be radial. S0 –
Feed for facing operation in lathe machine : Radial
feed.
Contour turning:
In this operation of lathe machine the tool is not fed
in a straight path . Instead the tool follows a contour.
A contoured form is created in the turned part.
Feed : Contoured feed . Not parallel to the axis of of
w/p roatation.

8. Form turning:
In this method a special shaped tool is used .
The tool is inserted radially.
Feed for forming : Radial.
Taper turning:
Like contour turning the tool is not fed
parallel to the axis of rotation of the work
part. The tool is fed at an angle. This turning
operation gives a conical and taper cylindrical
shape.
Feed : radial (in an angle)

9. Chamfering:
Only the cutting edge is used at the corner
of cylindrical shapes which is used for stress
relieving of the workpiece.
Cutoff or Parting:
In parting operation the tool is fed radially
and the end part of the workpiece is cut off.
Feed : Radial.

10. Boring:
A single point tool head is fed linearly to the
end of the workpiece (on the inside
diameter) .
Feed : Linear.
Threading:
A pointed tool is used at the outside surface
of the workpiece with linear feed.

11. Drilling:
Drilling and reaming is done by feeding the
lathe tool along the axis of the rotating job
part.
Knurling:
It is a metal forming method which creates
a regular cross hatched pattern. It is not a
machining process. It does not involve any
cutting of the metal