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Language acquisition
- 1. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION THEORY ANDITS STAGES भाषा अर्जन सिद्ाांत एवां इिके चरण By: Dr. Shaini Varghese Lecturer, Vidya Bhawan G.S.T.C.
- 2. WHAT IS INTHE BASE OF ANY LANGUAGE? Vocabulary (शब्दावली) (Active/Passive) Phonology (स्वर ववज्ञानां) (Sound System) Script (सलवि) (Establish as a language) Grammar (व्याकरण) (Structure based)
- 3. KEYS TO LANGUAGEACQUISITION By developing language skills Listening (िुनना) Speaking (बोलना) Reading (िढ़ना) Writing (सलखना)
- 4. THEORIES RELATED TOLANGUAGE ACQUISITION: Theory Central Idea Linguist Behaviouris m (व्यवहारवाद ) Children imitate adults Environmental conditioning through reinforcement (…..Say what I say’) B.F. Skinner Cognitivism (संज्ञानवाद ) Language is just one aspect of a child’s overall intellectual development (…’It’s a conscious and reasoned thinking process ) Jean Piaget Innatism / Nativism ( सहजतावाद) Language is an innate capacity Language Acquisition Device (LAD) (…‘It’s all in your mind’) Noam Chomsky Interactionis m (अन्तःक्रियावाद) Emphasis the interaction between child and their care giver (genetic + environmental factors) (…‘Learning from Inside and out’) Jerome Bruner
- 5. WHILE ACQUISITION OFA LANGUAGE, WE HAVE TWO TYPES OF LANGUAGES BEFORE US: First Language (L1) • Generally used for Mother Tongue Second Language (L2) • Also known as Target language / Foreign language
- 6. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Universal process (िावजभौसिक प्रक्रिया) It involves Listening (िुनना) Imitating (अनुकरण करना) Start producing words/ Responding (अनुक्रिया करना)
- 7. SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION First assumes knowledge in First language, then learns elements of new knowledge. (L1 L2) (प्रथि भाषा िें ज्ञान ग्रहण कर नए ज्ञान के तत्वों को िीखना) Its successful acquisition depends on the strength of First language skills. (L1 L2) (िफल अर्जन हेतु प्रथि भाषा का िुदृढ़ होना आवश्यक) Around 5-7 years are taken to acquire advanced fluency in Target language (लक्षित भाषा अर्र्जत करने िें ५-७ वषज लग र्ाते हैं)
- 8. STAGES OF LANGUAGEACQUISITION 1. • Pre Production Stage (िूवज उत्िादक काल) 2. • Early Production Stage (आरांसभक उत्िादक काल) 3. • Speech Emergence Stage (उच्चारण आववभाजव) 4. • Intermediate Fluency (िध्यवती /अन्तःस्थायी प्रवाह काल) 5. • Advanced Fluency (उन्नत प्रवाह काल)
- 9. PRE PRODUCTION STAGE(पूवव उत्पादक काल) Silent/Receptive Period Only focus on listening Receive vocabulary of about 500 words Respond nonverbally by pointing, gesturing, nodding or drawing िौन/ग्रहणशील काल सिफज िुनने िर बल लगभग ५०० शब्दों का ग्रहण होता हे िबिे अध्क अशार्ब्दक अनुक्रिया का उियोग FIRST STAGE: Time taken ( Generally 0 to 6 months)
- 10. EARLY PRODUCTION STAGE(आरंभिक उत्पादक काल) Begin to speak short words Emphasis is still on listening but with greater understanding Absorb new knowledge also Build active vocabulary Use of around 1000 words Often used to construct short phrases or simple sentences लघु शब्दों का उच्चारण अच्छी ििझ के िाथ िुनने िर बल नवीन ज्ञान का ग्रहण िक्रिय शब्दावली बनाना लगभग १००० शब्दों का उियोग लघु वाकयाांश या िरल वाकयों का उियोग SECOND STAGE: Time taken (6 month to 1 year)
- 11. SPEECH EMERGENCE STAGE(उच्चारण आवविावव) Acquire B.I.C.S. (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills) Become more fluent Vocabulary increases with minimal error Develop ability to communicate using simple and complete sentences Develop a vocabulary of around 3000 words Common or familiar situations (understand and speak) आ्ारभूत अन्तःव्यर्कतक िम्प्प्रेषण कौशल का अर्जन भाषा प्रवाह िें ववकाि न्यूनति त्रुटि के िाथ शब्दावली का उियोग िरल एवां िूणज वाकयों दवारा िम्प्प्रेषण ििता का ववकाि लगभग ३००० शब्दों का शब्द भण्डार िािान्य या िररधचत िररर्स्थतत की ििझ एवां बोलने का कौशल THIRD STAGE: Time taken (1 to 3 years)
- 12. INTERMEDIATE FLUENCY STAGE(िध्यवती/अन्तःस्थायी प्रवाह काल) Communicate fluently especially in social language or new situations Develop vocabulary of around 6000 active words Can speak and write complex sentences during regular speaking and writing activities Develop H.O.T.S. (Higher Order Thinking Skill) िम्प्प्रेषण प्रवाहिूणज िुख्यतः िािार्र्क भाषा अथवा नवीन िररर्स्तधथ के िन्दभज िें लगभग ६००० िक्रिय शब्द भण्डार रोर्िराज के उियोग के अलावा र्टिल वाकयों को बोलने एवां सलखने की ििता का ववकाि उच्च स्िार के धचांतन कौशल का ववकाि FOURTH STAGE: Time taken (3 to 5 years)
- 13. ADVANCED FLUENCY STAGE(उन्नत प्रवाह काल) Acquire C.A.L.P. (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) Fluency in all contexts Study complex subjects in the target language with close to the level of ease Idiomatic expression िांज्ञानात्िक अकादसिक भाषा प्रवीणता का अर्जन िभी िन्दभों िें प्रवाटहकता लक्षित भाषा िें आिानी िे र्टिल ववषयों का अध्ययन िुहावरात्िक असभव्यर्कत FIFTH STAGE: Time taken (5 to 7 years)
- 14. PROCESS INVOLVES…… Quality andQuantity of the Language that one hears Consistency of the reinforcement offered by others Shape the child’s language behaviour भाषा को िुनने का गुणात्िक एवां िात्रात्िक अविर प्रततिुर्टि की र्स्थरता बच्चे के भाषागत व्यवहार का बनना
- 15. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION- (SOME IMPORTANTPOINTS TO REMEMBER) A learner must be engaged with the Language Comprehensive input is best for Language acquisition A learner should find opportunities for language acquisition and take advantage of them Passive study can result in incidental learning Main requirement is a communicational environment अध्गिकताज का भाषा के िाथ र्ूझना / व्यस्त रहना भाषा अर्जन हेतु व्यािक िािग्री प्रदान करना भाषा अर्जन हेतु अविर खोर्ना एवां उनिे लाभार्न्वत होना तनर्टिय अध्ययन िे आकर्स्िक अध्गि होना िम्प्प्रेश्नात्िक वातावरण इिकी िुख्य आवश्यकता हे