The present slides deal with language acquisition theory and its different stages. Language acquisition takes place when one consciously acquires a language. It undergoes various stages- Pre-production stage, Early production stage, Speech emergence stage, Intermediate fluency and Advanced fluency. It begins from developing BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills) to CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency). The whole process involves quality and quantity of the language that one hears and consistency of the reinforcement offered by others which helps in shaping the child's language behaviour.

1. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION THEORY
AND ITS STAGES
भाषा अर्जन सिद्ाांत एवां इिके
चरण
By:
Dr. Shaini Varghese
Lecturer,
Vidya Bhawan G.S.T.C.

2. WHAT IS IN THE BASE OF ANY LANGUAGE?
Vocabulary
(शब्दावली)
(Active/Passive)
Phonology
(स्वर ववज्ञानां)
(Sound System)
Script
(सलवि)
(Establish as a
language)
Grammar
(व्याकरण)
(Structure
based)

3. KEYS TO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
By developing language skills
Listening
(िुनना)
Speaking
(बोलना)
Reading
(िढ़ना)
Writing
(सलखना)

4. THEORIES RELATED TO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION:
Theory Central Idea Linguist
Behaviouris
m
(व्यवहारवाद )
Children imitate adults
Environmental conditioning through reinforcement
(…..Say what I say’)
B.F. Skinner
Cognitivism
(संज्ञानवाद )
Language is just one aspect of a child’s overall
intellectual development
(…’It’s a conscious and reasoned thinking
process )
Jean Piaget
Innatism /
Nativism
( सहजतावाद)
Language is an innate capacity
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
(…‘It’s all in your mind’)
Noam
Chomsky
Interactionis
m
(अन्तःक्रियावाद)
Emphasis the interaction between child and their
care giver
(genetic + environmental factors)
(…‘Learning from Inside and out’)
Jerome
Bruner

5. WHILE ACQUISITION OF A LANGUAGE, WE HAVE
TWO TYPES OF LANGUAGES BEFORE US:
First Language (L1)
• Generally used for Mother Tongue
Second Language (L2)
• Also known as Target language /
Foreign language

6. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 Universal process (िावजभौसिक प्रक्रिया)
 It involves
Listening (िुनना)
Imitating (अनुकरण करना)
Start producing words/ Responding
(अनुक्रिया करना)

7. SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 First assumes knowledge in First language, then learns elements
of new knowledge.
(L1 L2)
(प्रथि भाषा िें ज्ञान ग्रहण कर नए ज्ञान के तत्वों को िीखना)
 Its successful acquisition depends on the strength of First
language skills.
(L1 L2)
(िफल अर्जन हेतु प्रथि भाषा का िुदृढ़ होना आवश्यक)
 Around 5-7 years are taken to acquire advanced fluency in Target
language
(लक्षित भाषा अर्र्जत करने िें ५-७ वषज लग र्ाते हैं)

8. STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
1.
• Pre Production Stage (िूवज उत्िादक काल)
2.
• Early Production Stage (आरांसभक उत्िादक काल)
3.
• Speech Emergence Stage (उच्चारण आववभाजव)
4.
• Intermediate Fluency (िध्यवती /अन्तःस्थायी प्रवाह काल)
5.
• Advanced Fluency (उन्नत प्रवाह काल)

9. PRE PRODUCTION STAGE (पूवव उत्पादक काल)
 Silent/Receptive Period
 Only focus on listening
 Receive vocabulary of
about 500 words
 Respond nonverbally by
pointing, gesturing, nodding
or drawing
 िौन/ग्रहणशील काल
 सिफज िुनने िर बल
 लगभग ५०० शब्दों का ग्रहण
होता हे
 िबिे अध्क अशार्ब्दक
अनुक्रिया का उियोग
FIRST STAGE: Time taken ( Generally 0 to 6 months)

10. EARLY PRODUCTION STAGE (आरंभिक उत्पादक काल)
 Begin to speak short words
 Emphasis is still on listening
but with greater
understanding
 Absorb new knowledge also
 Build active vocabulary
 Use of around 1000 words
 Often used to construct short
phrases or simple sentences
 लघु शब्दों का उच्चारण
 अच्छी ििझ के िाथ िुनने िर
बल
 नवीन ज्ञान का ग्रहण
 िक्रिय शब्दावली बनाना
 लगभग १००० शब्दों का उियोग
 लघु वाकयाांश या िरल वाकयों
का उियोग
SECOND STAGE: Time taken (6 month to 1 year)

11. SPEECH EMERGENCE STAGE (उच्चारण आवविावव)
 Acquire B.I.C.S.
(Basic Interpersonal
Communicative Skills)
 Become more fluent
 Vocabulary increases with
minimal error
 Develop ability to communicate
using simple and complete
sentences
 Develop a vocabulary of around
3000 words
 Common or familiar situations
(understand and speak)
 आ्ारभूत अन्तःव्यर्कतक
िम्प्प्रेषण कौशल का अर्जन
 भाषा प्रवाह िें ववकाि
 न्यूनति त्रुटि के िाथ शब्दावली
का उियोग
 िरल एवां िूणज वाकयों दवारा
िम्प्प्रेषण ििता का ववकाि
 लगभग ३००० शब्दों का शब्द
भण्डार
 िािान्य या िररधचत िररर्स्थतत
की ििझ एवां बोलने का कौशल
THIRD STAGE: Time taken (1 to 3 years)

12. INTERMEDIATE FLUENCY STAGE (िध्यवती/अन्तःस्थायी प्रवाह काल)
 Communicate fluently
especially in social
language or new situations
 Develop vocabulary of
around 6000 active words
 Can speak and write
complex sentences during
regular speaking and
writing activities
 Develop H.O.T.S. (Higher
Order Thinking Skill)
 िम्प्प्रेषण प्रवाहिूणज िुख्यतः
िािार्र्क भाषा अथवा नवीन
िररर्स्तधथ के िन्दभज िें
 लगभग ६००० िक्रिय शब्द भण्डार
 रोर्िराज के उियोग के अलावा र्टिल
वाकयों को बोलने एवां सलखने की
ििता का ववकाि
 उच्च स्िार के धचांतन कौशल का
ववकाि
FOURTH STAGE: Time taken (3 to 5 years)

13. ADVANCED FLUENCY STAGE (उन्नत प्रवाह काल)
 Acquire C.A.L.P.
(Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency)
 Fluency in all contexts
 Study complex subjects in
the target language with
close to the level of ease
 Idiomatic expression
 िांज्ञानात्िक अकादसिक भाषा
प्रवीणता का अर्जन
 िभी िन्दभों िें प्रवाटहकता
 लक्षित भाषा िें आिानी िे
र्टिल ववषयों का अध्ययन
 िुहावरात्िक असभव्यर्कत
FIFTH STAGE: Time taken (5 to 7 years)

14. PROCESS INVOLVES……
Quality and Quantity of
the Language that one
hears
Consistency of the
reinforcement offered by
others
Shape the child’s
language behaviour
भाषा को िुनने
का गुणात्िक एवां
िात्रात्िक अविर
प्रततिुर्टि की
र्स्थरता
बच्चे के भाषागत
व्यवहार का बनना

15. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION-
(SOME IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER)
 A learner must be
engaged with the
Language
 Comprehensive input is
best for Language
acquisition
 A learner should find
opportunities for
language acquisition and
take advantage of them
 Passive study can result in
incidental learning
 Main requirement is a
communicational
environment
 अध्गिकताज का भाषा के िाथ
र्ूझना / व्यस्त रहना
 भाषा अर्जन हेतु व्यािक
िािग्री प्रदान करना
 भाषा अर्जन हेतु अविर
खोर्ना एवां उनिे लाभार्न्वत
होना
 तनर्टिय अध्ययन िे
आकर्स्िक अध्गि होना
 िम्प्प्रेश्नात्िक वातावरण इिकी
िुख्य आवश्यकता हे