The document discusses the development of labor unions in the United States. It describes how there was a large gap between the rich and poor in the late 19th century, with a small percentage of people owning most of the wealth. This led local unions to form initially and then expand nationally after the Civil War, though they struggled due to economic conditions. The goals of unions were to improve wages, working conditions, limit work days, and end child labor. Over time, union membership has declined significantly from its peak in the mid-20th century.