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1. The document discussed different types of isomers including constitutional isomers, which have the same molecular formula but different connectivity, and stereoisomers, which have the same connectivity but different spatial arrangements.
2. Conformational isomers result from rotation about single bonds, while configurational isomers include cis-trans isomers of alkenes and cyclic alkanes.
3. Isomerism, including constitutional, stereoisomers, conformational isomers, and configurational isomers, arises from different
O documento introduz os conceitos básicos da síntese orgânica, incluindo sua definição e histórico, grupos funcionais comuns, nucleófilos e eletrófilos, mecanismos de reação representados por setas curvas, e diagramas de coordenadas de reação. A síntese orgânica é definida como o processo de obtenção de compostos complexos a partir de precursores simples em uma ou mais etapas de reação.
The document summarizes various reagents used in organic synthesis, including their properties and reactions. It discusses sodium amide/ammonia for Birch reduction and benzyne formation. It also covers 1,3-propanedithiol for umpolung reactions to form cyclic ketones. Various oxidizing agents are described for baeyer-villiger oxidation and epoxidation reactions, including peracids, osmium tetroxide, and potassium permanganate. The effects of solvent and migratory aptitude in these reactions are also highlighted. Further reagents discussed include diisobutylaluminum hydride, Simmons-Smith reagent for cyclopropanation, and organoboranes.
Silicone rubber is produced through a multi-step process beginning with reducing silica to silicon, which is then reacted with methyl chloride to form chlorosilanes. These chlorosilanes undergo hydrolysis or methanolysis to form siloxane oligomers, which are then cured using a peroxide or platinum catalyst to form cross-linked silicone rubber. Silicone rubber has advantages over organic rubbers including greater heat resistance, flexibility over a wide temperature range, chemical stability, and physiological inertness. It is used widely in applications such as electronics, seals and gaskets, medical devices, construction, office equipment, and leisure products.
This document discusses methods of organic synthesis, specifically the metathesis of olefins. Metathesis is a reaction where the alkylidene groups of olefins are interchanged, catalyzed by complexes of molybdenum, tungsten, or ruthenium. Examples show olefins converting to mixtures of other olefins. Grubbs catalysts, a series of ruthenium carbene complexes, are also discussed and can tolerate multiple functional groups and solvents. The second generation Grubbs catalyst has higher activity and stability than the first generation.
This document provides an introduction to alcohols. It begins by defining alcohols and phenols. It then discusses the classification of alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group. The document outlines some common nomenclature and naming conventions for alcohols and phenols. It also discusses some typical physical properties of alcohols like boiling point, solubility, and acidity due to hydrogen bonding. Finally, it briefly introduces some common preparation methods for alcohols like Grignard synthesis and hydrolysis of alkyl halides.
Here is a “Polyurethane Foam Datasheet Template“. TDSmaker offer you free Datasheet/ Specsheet/ Techsheet. Visit to ( https://www.tdsmaker.com ) to get start with free template.
1. The document discussed different types of isomers including constitutional isomers, which have the same molecular formula but different connectivity, and stereoisomers, which have the same connectivity but different spatial arrangements.
2. Conformational isomers result from rotation about single bonds, while configurational isomers include cis-trans isomers of alkenes and cyclic alkanes.
3. Isomerism, including constitutional, stereoisomers, conformational isomers, and configurational isomers, arises from different
O documento introduz os conceitos básicos da síntese orgânica, incluindo sua definição e histórico, grupos funcionais comuns, nucleófilos e eletrófilos, mecanismos de reação representados por setas curvas, e diagramas de coordenadas de reação. A síntese orgânica é definida como o processo de obtenção de compostos complexos a partir de precursores simples em uma ou mais etapas de reação.
The document summarizes various reagents used in organic synthesis, including their properties and reactions. It discusses sodium amide/ammonia for Birch reduction and benzyne formation. It also covers 1,3-propanedithiol for umpolung reactions to form cyclic ketones. Various oxidizing agents are described for baeyer-villiger oxidation and epoxidation reactions, including peracids, osmium tetroxide, and potassium permanganate. The effects of solvent and migratory aptitude in these reactions are also highlighted. Further reagents discussed include diisobutylaluminum hydride, Simmons-Smith reagent for cyclopropanation, and organoboranes.
Silicone rubber is produced through a multi-step process beginning with reducing silica to silicon, which is then reacted with methyl chloride to form chlorosilanes. These chlorosilanes undergo hydrolysis or methanolysis to form siloxane oligomers, which are then cured using a peroxide or platinum catalyst to form cross-linked silicone rubber. Silicone rubber has advantages over organic rubbers including greater heat resistance, flexibility over a wide temperature range, chemical stability, and physiological inertness. It is used widely in applications such as electronics, seals and gaskets, medical devices, construction, office equipment, and leisure products.
This document discusses methods of organic synthesis, specifically the metathesis of olefins. Metathesis is a reaction where the alkylidene groups of olefins are interchanged, catalyzed by complexes of molybdenum, tungsten, or ruthenium. Examples show olefins converting to mixtures of other olefins. Grubbs catalysts, a series of ruthenium carbene complexes, are also discussed and can tolerate multiple functional groups and solvents. The second generation Grubbs catalyst has higher activity and stability than the first generation.
This document provides an introduction to alcohols. It begins by defining alcohols and phenols. It then discusses the classification of alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group. The document outlines some common nomenclature and naming conventions for alcohols and phenols. It also discusses some typical physical properties of alcohols like boiling point, solubility, and acidity due to hydrogen bonding. Finally, it briefly introduces some common preparation methods for alcohols like Grignard synthesis and hydrolysis of alkyl halides.
This document discusses various Apple products including the iPhone 3 and iPhone 6, the iPad's smart case, and the Samsung S5. It also mentions Steve Jobs and his role in developing products at Apple as well as an Apple store and Jobs' biography.
This document discusses various Apple products including the iPhone 3 and iPhone 6, the iPad's smart case, and the Samsung S5. It also mentions Steve Jobs and his role in developing products at Apple as well as an Apple store and Jobs' biography.
2. CARATTERISTICHE
Le poliammidi (sigla: PA) sono tecnopolimeri caratterizzati dal gruppo
ammidico CO-NH
• Termoplasticità
• Intense forze di coesione molecolare (legami a idrogeno)
• Elasticità, durezza, resistenza all’abrasione
• Alto punto di fusione (220°C-275°C)
• Igroscopicità (gruppi polari)
• Resistenza chimica
• Buon isolamento elettrico
3. CARATTERISTICHE
Le poliammidi si possono dividere in due gruppi principali
• Alifatiche: es. nylon
- Derivate da amminoacidi o lattami (-NH-R-CO-)n
- Derivate da diammine e acidi bicarbossilici (-NH-R-NH-CO-R’-CO-)n
• Aromatiche: es. kevlar, nomex
Nylon 6,6
C12H22N2O2
Nylon 6
Nylon 6,6 al
microscopio
4. USI
Le poliammidi, grazie alla loro proprietà termoplastiche, trovano
applicazione in numerosi ambiti, tra cui:
• Chirurgico
• Tessile
• Automobilistico
• Dispositivi di sicurezza
• Strutture gonfiabili
• Paracaduti e mongolfiere
• Prato sintetico
5. POLIMERIZZAZIONE
SINTESI DEL NYLON 6,6 (C12H22N2O2):
La polimerizzazione del nylon 6,6 è una reazione facilmente eseguibile in
laboratorio con pochi reagenti:
1) Mescolare insieme 10 ml di 1,6 esametilendiammina e 10 gocce di
Na(OH) al 20% in un becher
2) Mescolare nuovamente e aggiungere 6 ml di soluzione di adipoilcloruro
in cicloesano (al 5%)
3) Sarà possibile verificare la formazione di due fasi tra i liquidi nel becher
e, mediante un filo metallico uncinato, è prelevabile il filamento di nylon
sintetizzato
Nota:
Nella pratica si tende ad
utliizzare il cloruro in quanto
più reattivo dell’acido
corrispettivo